Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy - xaqiiqiye ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX ah

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy, artist ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19aad, hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida aasaasihii arrimuhu xaqiiqiye rinjiyeynta guriga farshaxanka. Waxa uu si firfircoon uga yeesho mabaadii'da xaqiiqo muhiim ah in uu shaqada, iyo sidoo kale articles on aragtida ah ee farshaxanka. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah farshaxankiisa waxaa laga aqoonsan yahay Classics ah rinjiyeynta Ruush. Qoraagu wuxuu ahaa Master of Wehbe, taariikhda iyo goobaha ku sifayn.

CV

Kramskoy, artist, waxay caan ku tahay oo uu farshaxankiisa macquul ah, waxa uu ku dhashay 1837 in gobolka Voronezh in qoyska dabaqadda dhexe. Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga ostrogorzhskoe dhabta ah, laakiin sababta oo ah saboolnimada qoyska ma uu karin inuu sii wataan waxbarashadooda dugsiga sare. Ka shaqeynta Duma maxalliga ah, oo wuxuu noqday xiiso retouching photo. Si dhakhso ah, oo uu macalin ahaa M. Tulin oo isaga baray waxyaabaha aasaasiga u ah ranjiyeynta. A dhowr sano ka dib Kramskoy, artist ah oo ugu wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan for Wehbe uu, uu u wareegay St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed farshaxanka badan dhala, oo socday ilaa uu ka dhinto lama filaan ah 1887 bilaabay.

Study ee akadeemiga

In 1857, wuxuu noqday nin xer ah oo ka mid ah Academician Markov, kuwaas oo ku takhasusay rinjiyeynta taariikhiga ah. Inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada ayuu helay dhowr biladood oo labada farshaxankiisa oo nuqulo ka mid ah farshaxankiisa by fannaaniinta kale oo ku saabsan mawduucyada diinta. A biladda dahabka yar oo ah rinjiile mustaqbalka caanka helay rinjiyeynta ka go'an in ay maadooyinka Kitaabka Qudduuska ah.

Waayo, artist ee horyaalka iyadoo xaq u leedahay inaad hesho hawlgabka dadweynaha lahaa in ay soo gudbiyaan si ay shuqulka tartanka on stage of the xore Scandinavian. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Kramskoy, artist, ku dadaalaya image macquul ah dhacdooyinka iyo xoriyada hal abuur leh, oo ay weheliyaan saddex iyo toban ardayda kale u Academy of Management jeestay la weydiisto inuu ka noqdo iyaga tartan ka saar, xaq ay u jecel yihiin in ay doonayaan in ay qori ku saabsan mawduucyo in ay yihiin Jeclaadaan naftooda. Ka dib markii in ka Ranjiilayaasha dhallinyarada qotomiyey ay burcad farshaxanka, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahayd muddo kooban ah, tan iyo markii xubnaheeda ugu dhakhsaha badan ay go'aansadeen in ay u guurto content gobolka.

"Peredvizhniki"

Rinjiile Kramskoy, kuwaas oo farshaxankiisa horeba in muddada hore ee uu shaqada uu noqday dhacdo taariikhi ah nolosha dhaqanka ee boqortooyada, wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah qabanqaabiyeyaasha iyo inspirers fikradeed ee ururka this. xubnaha difaacay mabaadi'da xaqiiqo farshaxanka, meel bulshada iyo bulshada rayidka ah si firfircoon uga mid ah fanaaniinta. In uu shaqo, qoraaga ayaa difaacay mabaadi'da xaqiiqo. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in rinjiyeynta waa ma aha oo kaliya uu noqon kalsoonaan karo, laakiin sidoo kale dhali macnaha moral iyo waxbarasho. Sidaa darteed, ay u shaqayso gaar ahaan riwaayado maragyo.

In 1870s ah, qoraaga abuuraa taxane ah oo dhan Wehbe cajiib ah oo uu saffarro caan ah ayuu qoray wargayska image ee Tolstoy, Nekrasov, Shishkin, Tretyakov iyo kuwa kale. In taxanahan, meel gaarka ah ayaa waxaa kujira sida sawirka ka mid ah artist ah Kramskoy ka abuuray isaga by ee 1867. web Tani waxay leedahay Heer sare ah ee xaqiiqo sida dadka kale muddada uu shaqada.

Sida sawirka of Nikolai Nekrasov

Wehbe badan oo ka mid ah qoraaga yihiin in style ka mid ah farshaxankiisa ku sifayn ku qoran. Cadaynayaan iyaga on waxaa lagu soo bandhigay dadka in tallaabo, sidaas farshaxankiisa yihiin goobaha ka nolosha iyo jidka nolosha.

Tusaale waxaa ah shaqada caanka ah ee farshaxanka, "Nekrasov inta lagu guda jiro" Songs hore "," 1877-1878 sano. In rinjiyeynta this, artist ka soo baxay si ay u muujiyaan Abwaan caan ah shaqada in muddo la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa. Guud ahaan, in shaqada artist ee ciyaaray door muhiim ah theme ee waayo-aragnimada maskaxda aadanaha, ee uu halganka kula dhimashada, ama shoogga kasta. In shuqullada sayid of maadooyinkan lahayn aragti bulshada, sida in shuqullada Ranjiilayaasha kale. Had iyo jeer wuxuu tusay dagaal ruuxa qaba cudurka iyo inta badan si xoog maareeyey si uu u gudbiyo fikrad this sawirka kor ku xusan.

Wehbe Haweenka

Waxaa laga yaabaa in shaqada ugu caansan ee sayidkii - ". Shisheeyaha" rinjiyaynta Artist Kramskoy adkeeyay quruxda uu model. Waxa uu si taxadar leh carabka ku adkeeyay in ay tahay fashionistas magaalo, amar ku bixiyay in iyada muuqaalka: jaakad dhogorta hodan, flirty ku xirtaan dahabka qurux badan iyo dhar.

Tilmaan iyo xaqiiqda ah in asalka ah si ay u rinjiyeynta tani waa muhiimada sare, waxaa lagu soo bandhigay muuqaal ciiro ku ah, sida qoraaga of dareenka oo dhammuba aannu diiradda saarayaa naagtii xarrago dhallinyarada. Waxa uu si gaar ah u jeclaa inuu sawiro Wehbe ee artist ee Ivan Kramskoy. farshaxankiisa qoraaga waa niyadda kala duwan.

Haddii naagtu sawirka kor ku xusan ayaa muujinaya ceeb weyn oo kuwa kibirka ku kalsoon, model ah on shiraac ah "Gabar iyada scythe," by la barbardhigo, waxaa lagu muujiyey in ay adag tahay, daqiiqad xitaa xanuun badan markii ay u muuqatay in ay ka tagaan kuwa kale oo dhan oo gebi ahaanba waa is-nuugo. Sidaa darteed, iyada oo wajiga, sida ka soo horjeeda muuqaalka kore ee shisheeye ah, ku muujinayaa thoughtfulness xoog qoto dheer, murugo iyo Nuur murug.

"Qoysanku Murugo"

sawirka waxaa la rinjiyeeyay 1884, waxyoonay by walbahaar shakhsi artist ee, kuwaas oo uu ina badiyay. Sidaa darteed, sida qof dumar ah, ku cad dharka baroorasho, garto astaamaha naagtii qoraaga.

rinjiyeynta Arrintani waxay ka duwan shuqullo kale oo qoraaga quusan in, kuwaas oo waxaa xaladii. In xarunta of shiraac ah ayaa muujinaya qof dumar ah oo jira da'da dhexe ee dharka madow. Waxay u taagan tahay soo socota si ay sanduuq ka buuxa ubax. Her Tiiraanyo muujiyay aan booska, taas oo ah arrin dabiici ah, iyo xataa lacag la'aan ah, oo ay indhihiisii iyo dhaqaaqin gacmahooda, oo uu taas oo ay u riixay ku guntay oo afkiisa. rinjiyeynta Tani waa mid ka mid ah ugu adag ee artist iyo farshaxanka Ruush guud ahaan.