Artist Alfons Muha. Hal-abuurka. Biography. sawir

Alfons Muha - rinjiile Czech, oo magiciisa la odhan noqday calaamad u ah oo ka mid ah West of Age Golden ee rinjiyeynta, shay aysan aqoon ee dalka. Dhanka kale, artist ka tayo leh ayaa ka tagay calaamad u qoto dheer ee taariikhda farshaxanka, by bandhigid ay style u gaar ah, weli waxbay ushafeeci idanka magaca "Mucha style". Waa maxay qarsoodiga iyo masiibada of qaddar ee artist caan ah? Tani waxa ay aheyd article.

Biography

Alfons Muha waxa uu ku dhashay 1860 magaalada Ivancice (Moravia). Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa sarkaal maxkamadda, oo hooyadiis - gabadhii hodanka Miller ah. Tan iyo carruurnimada, wiilka tusay Hawadooda hal abuur leh, kaabayaasha dhaqaale gabyaya. Horeba da'da dugsiga aan bilaabay inaan ka dhaansado, oo ka dib ka qalin dugsiga sare go'aansaday in ay galaan Academy Prague ee Arts. Imtixaanada waxa uu ku guuldareystay, sidaas darteed wuxuu lahaa si ay u raadiyaan shaqo. aabbahay wuxuu qabanqaabiyaa wiilkeeda karaaniga a barxadda, iyo in uu waqtiga firaaqada ah, Alfons Muha moonlights ee tiyaatarka. Oo waa inuu gacanta isku dayay sidii actor ah, ka dibna decorator boodhadhka. Waxaa jiray waqti of gafkii hal abuur leh oo raadinaya inuu nafsaddiisa. Waayo, wakhtigu waa qaar ka mid ah waxa uu ka shaqeeyay naqshadeeye dhigay masraxa, ka dibna uu ku casuumay in ay rinji ah derbiyada Tirada quful-Belhassen qalcaddii. Graf, kuwaas oo u bogi tayada ee artist ogolaado in ay bixiyaan waxbarashada uu ugu Academy of Arts in Munich.

aqoonsi

Ka dib tababar Alfons Muha u dhaqaaqay Paris. Laakiin markii uu sokoeye dhinto, oo artist la tagay oo aan hab-nololeedka ah. Si taas loo sameeyo waxa uu jecel yahay, waxay u baahan yihiin rinjiga qaali ah, burush iyo warqad. Si aad isu quudiyaan, celebrity mustaqbalka lagu qasbay in ay helaan nolol by samaynta calammo, boodhadhka, casumaadaha iyo jadwalka. Laakiin qaddar wanaagsan in hanad. Mid ka mid ah biilka sida qoto dheer badala nolosha Alfonso. Sara Bernar, Atariishada caanka ah, si ay u matalaan amar qoraal ah Fly, waxay ku talinaysaa sida a "Renaissance" madax decorator ah te'atradii. artist waxay noqonaysaa goobtii caanka ah. Of amarada boodhadhka iyo boorarka for badeecooyin kala duwan ma taqalustay. Isla mar ahaantaana, Alfons Muha bilaabay inuu qoro farshaxanka asalka iyo qabanqaabisaa bandhigyo shakhsiga ah ee Paris.

jeclahay

daqiiqado New nolosha xiriirka la leh Paris. Halkan, Masraxa Qaranka, Fly kulmay haweeney dhallinyaro ah Czech, Mariey Hitilovoy. Gabar A waa kuwa ka yar 20 sano, dhaco jacayl artist ah oo iyana waxay qabanqaabisaa kulan isaga la. Maria noqdo Alphonse Muuse cusub, jacaylka labaad ee nolosha sida naftiisa oo uu ka soo tilmaamay, ka dib markii hooyo. In 1906, sayidkii guursadaa Mary. Later ay dhashay laba gabdhood iyo wiil. Isla mar ahaantaana, Mucha dhaqaaqay USA ee martiqaad ee Society American ee sawira, halkaas oo uu sii waday in ay ka shaqeeyaan ilaa 1910. Halkan uu ka helo dhowr amarada Wehbe, iyo sidoo kale khudbado ka tirsan jaamacadda New York. Laakiin riyooyin ha kaga tagin hooyo ee artist ah, iyo in uu dhawaan ku soo laabtay Czech Republic.

canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna waxay soo dhaafay in ay waddankooda

Ka dib markii ay u Prague Alfons Muha, kuwaas oo farshaxankiisa lagu yaqaan adduunka oo dhan soo laabtay, bilaabataa uu shaqada ugu hami. Waxa uu dajiso qori canvases taariikhi, taas oo muujinaysa taariikhda dadyowga Slavic. In 1928, qoraaga soo gebogebeeyay, "Tacaddi Slavic" oo siiyaa iyada hooyo Prague. Isla xilligaas, ayaa iska leh shaqada on abuurista duqsigu daabacaada lacag rasmi ah oo stamps ee madax banaan Czechoslovakia. noloshayda oo dhan Alphonse ma joojiyo waxbarashada iyo horumarinta tayadiisa iyo farshaxanka.

hanad illoobi

30-mada ay xiisaha Daqsi-abuurka ka dib markii uu bilaabo inuu dhici iyo bilowgii dagaalkii 2aad ee aduunka iyo waxa aanu ka dhigi liiska colka III Reich. Waxaa lagu riday xabsi lagu tuhunsan yahay dacaayad anti-Nazi iyo dareen wadaninimo. Ka dib markii taxane ah oo la qabtay iyo su'aalo 1939 Alphonse dhintay pneumonia ee 1939 ka hor inta uusan u daabacaan laga yaabaa qorkiisa uu. Mucha waxaa lagu aasay Jamhuuriyadda Czech ee qubuuraha Vyšehrad ah.

qoyska

Mucha uu ku noolaa nolol dheer iyo wax soo saar leh, ka tago ka danbeeya ah Faracoodii tayo leh. Maria, arday iyo naagtii sayidkiisu, ka badbaaday ninkeeda oo 20 sano. Jiří, ina artist ee, noqday wariye si fiican u yaqaan iyo gabadhiisa caruur iyo farac dhaxlay sayidkii hal abuur leh. Sidaas daraaddeed, maayso Jarmila Mucha, kuwaas oo weli waa nool yahay, waxa uu abuuray mashruuc la abuuro of alaabta madaxtooyada ku salaysan Dakatu uu awoowe.

abuuridda

Alfons Muha, kuwaas oo farshaxankiisa ku noqday caan ah ma ahan oo keliya ee guriga, laakiin sidoo kale dalalka kale, maxaa yeelay, naftii ahaa awoodaan in ay gaaraan guul cajiib ah. Ka dib markii barashada Brno, ka dibna Munich iyo Paris, uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka bilaabay qoraaga of sawirada ee majaladaha fashion. Wadashaqaynta wargeysyada badan oo caan ah iyo wargeysyada, sida "nolosha dadka", "Le Figaro" iyo "Life PSG", artist horumartay isaga u gaar ah, style u gaar ah. Waxay ahayd waqti this iyo shaqo dhab ah, sida "History of Germany". Noqda in qaddar ee Duqsiyada ka dhacay 1893, markii uu amar ka tiyaatarka caadiga ah "Renaissance" helay at Boodhkan ee cayaarta "Zhismonda". soo bandhigidda ka qeyb galay Sara Bernar. Atariishada Great ahaa kaabayaasha dhaqaale shaqada. Waxay doonayeen in ay si shakhsi ah ula kulmaan qoraaga musawir ah. Sida ay shaaca ka dib Alphonse noqday naqshadeeye sare ee masraxa "Renaissance". Sidaas si lama filaan ah u soo duuli noqday mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta ugu caansan ee Paris. Waxa uu bilaabay inuu qoro biilasha, boodhadhka, karkan. farshaxankiisa bilaabay in ay qurxiyaan Hudheelka ugu moodada iyo boudoirs Mudanayaal '. Muddadan, artist ka Alphonse Mucha qoray taxane ah farshaxankiisa caan ah "Seasons", "Stars", "bishii". Maanta, shuqullada sayidkii ee ku jira ururinta ee matxafyada adduunka oo dhan, iyo in Prague waxaa jira museum ku Nagi in shuqullada wadanka caanka ah.

The taxane ugu caansan ah farshaxankiisa

Daqsi in uu naftiisa ku qoray dhawr boqol oo farshaxankiisa iyo boodhadhka. Waxaa ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu caansan mashquulin meel muhiim ah taxanaha "Seasons" caanka ah, "Ubax", "bishii", "GEMS", iyo caansan dunida "Slav Epic" oo dhan. Ka fikir taariikhda qoraalka, ugu farshaxanka caanka ah ee qoraaga.

"Slav Epic"

Dhamaadka naftiisa artist ah Alphonse Mucha dajiso abuuro taxane ah oo shuqullada ku saabsan taariikhda dadka Slavic. Waayo, aawadiis ay riyooyin sayidkiisu u shaqeyn doonaa in America, halkaas oo uu ku qasbay si adag u shaqeeyaan, la abuuro boodhadhka iyo boorarka. Fikradaha farshaxankiisa mustaqbalka Mucha lasoo ururiyay inti lagu safaradiisa ee dalalka Slavic, oo ay ku jiraan Russia. Work on the "Epic" socdaa 20 sano. Sidaas darteed, Alphonse qoray 20 farshaxankiisa lagu qiyaaso 6 by 8 mitir. farshaxankiisa Kuwan waxaa ka buuxsamay dejinta, xigmad iyo cibaadaysi, waxaa loo arkaa sida ugu fiican ee uu shuqulladiisa. farshaxankiisa The waxyooday taariikhda quruumaha dhowr. Tusaale ahaan, shaqada "The Battle of Grunwald" waxa uu inoo sheegayaa saabsan sii daynta Lithuania iyo Poland, kuwaas oo istaagay dagaalka la Saliibiyiinta ah. Halkan waxaa ku kooban sharaxaad ka mid ah sawirka. Alfons Muha ka mid ah sheekada yihiin dhacdooyinka taariikhiga dhabta ah ee ka dhacay qarnigii XIII ee Europe. Shaqada waxaa ka buuxa murug iyo dareenkooda ku saabsan masiirka oo ka mid ah dadyowga Slavic ee muddooyinka adag dagaallo lagu hoobtay. In kasta oo taxane uu rinjiyeynta "Slav Epic The" artist ka tarjumayaa waxay rumaysan yihiin in mustaqbalka dhalaalaya oo dadkiisa. shaqada ugu fiican u yaqaan in this taxane tixgeliyo rinjiyeynta ah "The Apotheosis taariikhda Slavic." On shiraac ah gaysteen oo kaliya afar xilli horumarinta dhaqanka Slavic iyo taariikhda: dunida qadiimiga ah, qarniyadii dhexe, muddo ah dulmi iyo mustaqbal wanaagsan. In sawirka si aanu u xaqiijino xirfad iyo hibo artist weyn oo dhan. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee abuurista dukhsiga - caawiyo dadka si ay u fahmaan kasta oo kale oo noqon dhow. Ka dib dhammaystirka shaqada ugu muhiimsan ee uu noloshiisa Alphonse bandhigay taxane ah oo dhan sawirada magaaladiisii uu jecel yahay Prague. Shaqada ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey in 1928, laakiin tan iyo markaas in Prague, ma jirin qolka loogu talagalay kaydinta iyo soo bandhigga farshaxanka baaxad weyn sida, "Slav Epic", marka hore soo bandhigay ee Palace ee Fairs oo dagaalka ka dib la saaray mid ka mid ah qalcado Moravian. On bandhigay dadweynaha ka dib markii dagaalka, shuqulladii ka muujiyay kaliya ee 1963. Ilaa maantadan la joogo, dadka deegaanka iyo martida ku raaxaysan karaan hadiyad this of sayidkiisa caan ah, oo magiciisa la odhan waa Alfons Muha.

"Seasons"

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX artist waxaa si firfircoon uga shaqeeya on sawirada ee magazine fashion PSG "Kokoriko". Bogagga ay markii ugu horeysay u muuqataa taxane ah oo farshaxankiisa, gouache iyo qalin, oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "12 bilood". Shaqo nooc kala duwan ee style iyo asalnimada, waxa kaliya sida akhristayaasha. Tirokoobyada ayaa wakiil image haweenka xarrago leh timo cawbaar iyo tiradaasi qurux badan. All Xaakimkii eegto soo jiidasho iyo duufsan. Qof dumar ah oo dahsoon oo quruxsan, Hawiyaha ee badda ah ee ubaxa, had iyo jeer lagu sawiray xarunta shaqada. Picture dhigo fiican naqshado ubax, ka dhigay in style bariga. In 1986, qoraaga qoray darfaha madaxtooyada "Afar Seasons The" si loo badbaadiyo image ee quruxda rabaani ah. Haddaba shaqada waxaa loo sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo gouache iyo khad, laakiin qaab isku mid. Pictures soo baxay ee taxanahan kooban, laakiin si dhakhso ah iibiyay. Guddiyada ku daabacan tahay warqad culus ama xariir iyo kadinka qolka fadhiga, boudoirs iyo makhaayadaha kala duwan. All tirooyinka waa niyadda kala duwan iyo midabo, taas oo si taxadar leh loo doortay Alfons Muha. Spring, tusaale ahaan, muujinayaa pastel caddaan pink. Summer - via midabo dhalaalaya cagaaran, xilliga dayrta - orange hodan, iyo jiilaalka - qabow-hufan. Xaaladdan oo kale, farshaxankiisa oo dhan waxaa ka buuxa jiidashada, danqasho iyo dagganaashiyo.

boodhadhka

Isaga oo artist Boodhkan horeysay rinjiyeeyay 1882. Waxa uu si degdeg ah xaqiiqsadeen in tani ay tahay shaqo aad faa'ido. Run, waa aan la aqoon haddii artist ka helay amar aan aad u badan. Waxa uu rinji sawirada soosaarista masrixiyada ku kala duwan. Ka dib markii ay ka imanayaan ay caanka ah (mahad Sarah Bernhardt) ayaa noqonaya mid ka mid ah fanaaniinta hormuudka ka ah advertising PSG. boodhadhka The fikiri "style Mucha" asalka ah (si loo magacaabay ka dib oo kaliya). Pictures of u damaysay kala duwan ee midabada iyo faahfaahinta. darey uu, sida caadiga ah iyagoo muujinayay in raaxo languid gabdhaha, wuxuu bilaabay inuu la daabacay qaab boodhadhka in majaladaha fashion iyo wargeysyada. "Haweenka Fly" (sida ay u bilaabo inuu u soo yeedho in Paris) fido kun oo nuqul in boodhadhka, jadwalka, kaararka ciyaaro, sumadaha xayaysiinta. artist wuxuu abuuraa sumadaha waayo kulan, baaskiilada iyo champagne. Laga soo bilaabo si wanaagsan oo kaliya ma soo bixi lahayn nalalka, iyo oo dhan Paris ogyahay waa kan Alfons Muha. Poster (sharaxaad ka mid ah rinjiyeynta ah "The Afar Seasons" horeba kor ku soo bandhigay) waa lagama maarmaan ay u dhadhamiyaan oo ah agaasimaha mid ka mid ah daabacayaasha caan ah "Champenois" iyo farshaxanka soo gabagabeeyay heshiis qaali ah oo isaga la jira. Later, ka shaqeeya Ameerika, sayidkii sii wadaan in ay u shaqeeyaan on taxane ah oo boodhadh, kasban riyo "Slav Epic" uu. Ilaa iyo hadda, kuwaas oo shuqullada sayidkii waxaa hirgaliyay dunida oo dhan sida boodhadh tahay moodada.

Alfons Mucha Museum ee Prague

Waa museum kaliya ee rasmiga ah ee farshaxanka. Waxaa la furay sanadkii 1998 by wiilashii sayidkiinna caanka ah. Hadalkay bandhigay hoolalka, la hadal oo ku saabsan nolosha iyo shaqada rinjiile xirfad leh. Visitors helay in museum Mucha, aqoon u leh taxane ah oo boodhadh tahay, abuuray by qoraaga dhamaadka qarnigii XIX ah. shuqullada ka tarjumaya xarrago iyo qurux ka mid ah jilayaasha dhaddig, si artist la jecel yahay. Halkan waxa aad ka arki kartaa, musawir caanka ku ah wax soo saarka masrixiyada ah "Zhismonda" in beddeleen nolosha hanad ah. Waxay ku bilaabmaa this gaar ah "Mucha style" wax kala shuqulkiisa oo dhan ka horreeyay. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, guests raaxaysan karaan ruuxa "nooleenta" ee gobolka Czech ee foomka of stamps iyo daabacaada lacag, taas oo naqshadeeye qudhiisu ahaa Alphonse. meel muhiim ah in matxafka heegan u ah farshaxankiisa caan ah "Tacaddi Slavic." Visitors baran doonaan iyo faahfaahinta nolosha shakhsi ahaaneed ee qoraaga. museum ayaa qoreysa sawirrada lagu daydo iyo saaxiibada artist weyn, iyo sidoo kale Dakatu shuqulladiisa mustaqbalka.

gunaanad

Alfons Muha siiyey kor u qaada cusub style farshaxanka, inuu noqdo daydo waayo fanaaniinta badan oo si fiican u yaqaan oo ka mid ah qarniyo XIX-XX ah. "Style umado", dhegeysiga, soulful oo fudud ka dhacaday unsophisticated, weli waa mid ah fanaaniinta casriga ah iyo samaynta caan ah. Mid ka mid ah nafta qoraaga, jacaylkiisa bixin maskaxda ee dalka iyo dareen la yaab leh quruxda dareemi kartaa. sawirada ficiladooda nijaasta geesi ah qoraaga jecel yahay, fascinates iyo wax kadis ah ku alla kii ogaada this gaar ah oo dahsoon "style Mucha". All taas oo ka dhigaysa abuurka Mucha guul weyn ee taariikhda tahay dunida.