Madaxweynayaasha Ukraine si. Madaxweynaha hore ee Ukraine. Madaxweynaha cusub ee Ukraine ayaa

December 8, 1991 waxaa lagu xasuusan doonaa adduunka oo shir ku Forest Bialowieza ee Belarus, halkaas oo heshiiska lagu saxiixay on saarka ee saddexda Jamhuuriyadda Slavic ee USSR iyo Abuuridda Commonwealth of Independent States. Laga soo bilaabo in la bilaabay in isbedel firfircoon geopolitical, taas oo waa wax murugo leh in ay milicsadaan dhammaan xubnaha ay ilaa maantadan la joogo. Bal aynu eegno waxa ay ahaayeen Madaxweynayaashii Ukraine. Si ay ahaayeen shan, laakiin qaar ka mid ah isku dayayaan in ay la doodaya, si aad u baahan tahay in la eego arrinta.

Malaha waa in ay bilaabaan la qofka si toos ah ay tahay iyo heshiis ku saabsan goosashada ka USSR ku saxiixay. On qayb ka mid ah Ukraine, waxay ahayd Leonid Kravchuk, laakiin waxaannu ugu soo laaban doonaa, laakiin hadda, si aanay u isfoolxumeeyaan taariikhda dhacdooyinka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado qofka kale Mihail Grushevsky. Madaxweynaha ugu horeeya ee Ukraine ayaa door aad u muhiim ah oo lahaa si ay ula qabsadaan dhibaatooyin badan. Waxay la magacaabay ka dib markii Leonid Kravchuk, iyo Hrushevsky hal mar soo noqday madaxa Golaha Dhexe. Fiiriyo casri ah, wuxuu ahaa, maxaa yeelay, jagooyinka sida madaxweynaha, weli ma jiraan. Waxaa la sheegay in qabyo qoraalka Dastuurka, kaas oo la ansixiyey Rada Dhexe April 29, 1918. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qof for Ukraine waa arrin muhiim ah - xataa 50 hryvnia Yukreeniyaan muujiyey sawirka. Intii lagu guda jiray kacaanka, ee cilmiga iyo taariikhyahan istaagay "meela" awood uma eryin aasaasay, si adag u hadlaya, si la mid ah uu ku dejiyey (by yahay kacaanka). Dhab ahaantii, waayo, Ukraine habkan isbedelka awood waa arrin caan ah oo ilaa maantadan la joogo, ku dhowaad dhammaan Madaxweynayaashii Ukraine si la beddelay, hab this.

maalinta madax-bannaanida

Verkhovna Rada ee sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ee 1991. On 24 August, ansixiyay xeerka taas oo Ukraine leeyahay xornimada. Marka hore, ee Day Independence of Ukraine sheegay in uu ahaa 16 July (laakiin sanadka soo socda, ee 1992, waxaa la go'aamiyay in wax laga beddelo si 24-kii August). Wax yar ka dib xornimada afti la siiyey in ka badan 90% codadkii. Horeba December 1, 1991 dawlad madax bannaan ay qabanaysay doorashooyinkii ugu horeeyay oo toos ah madaxweynaha ee Ukraine, kaas oo Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk helay in ka badan 61% codadkii.

Kravchuk ammaantaada sidii dhaleeceeyay. qiimaynta xun inta badan waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in ay la micno ahaa go'aamada deg dega ah, si degdeg ah "diidmada" of Russia iyo ugu yaraan of xiriirka, labada dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeed. Laakiin in uu awood u aheyn in ay wadaan inta u dhaxaysa horjeeda ciidamada siyaasadeed mahad, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay sii Crimea ee mustaqbalka sida Jamhuuriyad madaxbannaan, waa uun qayb ka mid ah Ukraine. Sida uu ku hadlay madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee Ukraine Kravchuk uu, isku dayay in uu wax walba oo Ukraine ay xornimada si nabad ah, iyada oo aan dhiig ku daatay.

Jidka madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay: caleema

Kravchuk ma ahayn had iyo jeer Madaxweynaha siyaasi lagu daabacay oo qurqurxoon, carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka Leonida Makarovicha in shaqada xisbiga ahaayeen kuwo aad u culus. Isagu wuxuu u yeeran ku saabsan 50 garaam oo halva, deeqday hooyadiis on dhalashadiisa ama kabaha alwaax cooshado isticmaalo. Next uu ku noolaa kuleejo jaamacad 12 guys ah, laakiin iyaguba oo dhan ayaa si guul leh ka soo tageen ka dib markii qalin jebinta oo u dhaqaaqay Dugsiga Farsamada Chernivtsi Financial si loo baro siyaasadda dhaqaalaha ee 1958. Iyada oo shaqada ee xisbiga oo dhan ayaa noqday kuwa aad u fiican, oo ku nool 1991 - si fudud.

Madaxweynaha ugu horeeya ee Ukraine ayaa noqonaya sharci ah oo keliya ka dib markii caleema saarka. Waayo, Leonid Kravchuk iyo kooxdiisa, oo intaasu waxay ahayd hawl aad u muhiim ah, sida ay u dhacday markii ugu horeysay. Dabcan, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay qaataan dhaar si Dastuurka wakhtigaas ahaa, laakiin wada, waxaa la soo jeediyey in la siiyo ku dhaarta iyo Peresopnytsia Injiil, sida ay ahayd waqti in Asheeraah ugu hore ee Ukraine. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in halka heesta qaranka, weli ma aasaasay, muusikaystayaasha lagu casuumay, kaas oo lagu sameeyaa "Ilaaha weyn, midoobeen, annagu waan xajinnaa Ukraine." Sayidka qayb rasmiga ahaa, iyo madaxweynihii ugu horeeyay ee Ukraine xafiiska si rasmi ah qaaday.

Madaxweynaha labaad

Madaxtooyada Leonida Makarovicha socday muddo gaaban, iyo in July 1994 wareegii labaad, uu waqti lahayn in ay hadda Ra'iisul Wasaaraha badiyay Leonidu Danilovichu Kuchme. Tibaaxda "in ay leeyihiin waxtar lahayn, oo laga badiyay - kan aynu ku qaylinno" in si buuxda loo saarin karaa in account labaad on musharax madaxweyne. Liiska guulaha uu yahay mid weyn oo ku filan in dad Yukreeniyaan noqon kartaa si buuxda u han iyo dareenka truest erayga "marwo" waxaa on. Isla mar ahaantaana, iyo liiska Guuldarrooyin uu sida "yari sida oo foolxumo ku ah", sidaas oo kale waxaa jira horjeeda siyaasadaha uu.

Guulaha iyo Guuldarrooyin

Intii lagu guda jiray tobankii sano ee uu isagu talada hayey sida madaxa gobolka (u dhexeeya this waa muddada ugu dheer ee dhan) Madaxweynaha Kuchma laga hortagi karo ee sicir bararka "waalan", tan iyo ka dib burburkii USSR ah, Ukraine jiray god dhaqaale aad u qoto dheer. Madaxweynaha ayaa ahaa halbowle u dhabta ah ee dhaqaalaha suuqa adduunka ugu xiriirka Yukreeniyaan casriga ah ee dunida. Iyada oo dib u habaynta dalka ayaa u degay hoose ee dhaqaalaha.

In 1996, lacagta joogtada ah iyo mid deggan la soo bandhigay, kaas oo ahaa magicii hryvnia ah. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, waxa ay sidoo kale ka caawiyay in la xoojiyo dhaqaalaha dalka. Kuchma kama aan qarin xaqiiqda ah in cinwaanka for Midowga Yurub, laakiin waqti isku mid ah, wuxuu ahaa degdeg ugu jirin in ay jebiyaan xiriirka dhow la leh Russia, waxaa la xaqiijiyay by heshiisyada badan. Dadkaan waxaa ka mid ahaa waxa loogu yeero Big Treaty, kaas oo la isku raacay iskaashiga ka dhexeeya labada dal ee tiro ka mid ah warshadaha ee muhiimka ah iyo meelaha ugu horayn ka faa'iideystey Ukraine lafteeda, waxaa ciyaaryahanka buuxa fuliya oo masraxa caalamka saaran samaynta.

Laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah Kuchma iyo dhaqanka "istaahilin", qaar ka mid ah furin, iyo kuwa la xaqiijiyay, fudud "xasishay Cododku Eebaha up". iyaga ka mid ah in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in amarka lagu dilayo wariye Kuchma rabin Georgiy Gongadze, in "ee iyada ka hooseeyey qoday" oo waxay lahaayeen xad wasakh cajiib ah, taas oo keeni karaa dhibaatooyin daran inay ka dibna madaxweynaha. On lacag this Kuchma aan dhammaaday, iyo in 2004 oo qof ay u cadhoodaan, sida geedka "Krivorozhstal" laga iibiyay wiilkiisii-in - Viktor Pinchuk. In times of Kuchma noqday musuqmaasuqa baahsan iyo oligarchy. Markaas - weli wax badan oo ka mid ah kiisaska ciqaabta ah ee lunsiga hantida guud iyo isku dayay in la beddelo dastuurka inuu sii joogo muddo saddexaad. Laakiin waxba yimid waxaa ka mid ah, in dhamaadka - xiga doorashada Madaxweynaha, taas oo Viktor Yanukovych guuleystay.

Viktor Yanukovych iyo Revolution Orange

In doorashada madaxweynaha ee 2004 ku guuleystay Madaxweynaha Mustaqbalka ee Ukraine Yanukovich. Oo wax kasta waa wanaagsan yahay, oo kaliya waxa uu ahaa ururka ee xilli mass ka mid ah dibad-baxyo ka dhacay caasimada Ukraine, Kiev, on Independence Square. Revolution, ka dib tilmaamo "orange", waxaa soo abaabulay taageerayaasha Viktor Yushchenko, sababta oo ah dhawaaqay Komishanka Doorashooyinka Central natiijada, taas oo guul u ah Viktor Yanukovych. Waxay la sheegay in si xoog leh ayey uga duwanaayeen xogta eksit-poll oo waxay u adeegeen podovdom waayo go'aanka ah in dib-u-qabtaan wareeg labaad, taas oo ah markii ugu tilmaamo "saddexaad". Waxaa xusid mudan in kacaanka this u adeegay sidii weerarkiisii dheeraad ah kacdoonkii midabka la mid ah ee Georgia, Turkey, iyo hadda Shiinaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, wareega saddexaad muujisay in garaaca Viktor Yushchenko, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in hanbalyada uu magacaabay Madaxweyne Viktor Yanukovych ayaa hore u bilaabeen in ay qaataan on kuwii madaxda u ahaa dalalka sida Russia iyo Belarus.

Sidaas darteed, haddii qaar ka mid ah dalalka reer galbeedka fog ma ay xiiseyneyso Ukraine iyo xataa ma uu ogayn meel wadankan waa, ka dib markii kacaanka, waxayna noqotay adduunka caanka ah. Dhanka kale, January 23, 2005 Victor Yushchenko qaaday dhaartii of Peresopnytsia Injiil iyo Dastuurka Ukraine, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan Madaxweynayaashii Ukraine (on amarka uu ahaa saddexaad). Ka dib markii in, intuu ku socday inuu laba jibbaaran oo khudbad guul.

Guddiga Victor Yushchenko

Intii uu talada hayey Viktor Yuschenko cadeeyay inuu yahay taageere u ahaa isku daya in la Maraykanka, NATO iyo EU. Intii uu madaxtooyada, waxaa jiray nasasho aad u xoogan oo dhan ay xiriir la leeyihiin Russia: dhaqaalaha ruuxiga ah, siyaasadeed,. Waxa uu doonayay inuu bixiyo wixii lagu lahaa gaaska Ruush, si ay u fuliyaan on wada hadal la booska uu ka milkiilaha Badda Madow iyo joogo waxaa ku jira Badda Madow Fleet ee Ruushka.

Madaxweynaha Yushchenko, gaarey tiir kasta oo madax ka ah gobolka iyo helitaanka awood buuxda, halka weli ku hoos rayn ah ee Kacaanka ee Orange, isla markiiba ka posts ka dawladdii hore ka saar dadka oo dhan oo ku baddallo kuwa isaga la dhaqaajin. Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Yulia Tymoshenko helay amar lagu baabi'inayo baarlamaanka. Tan waa la sameeyey by Yushchenko si ay isugu diyaariyaan kursiga baarlamaanka ee raggiisiiba. Wakhtigan, waxaa jira kala ah ee "isbahaysiga orange". Dhibaatada siyaasadeed waxaa fadeexad sii kordhaya la "Gazprom" ku saabsan asalka this. Sidaas darteed, Madaxweynaha ayaa markii u lahayn in ay la dhibaatada ka jirta dalka ka qaban, iyo in waqtigaas mucaaradka Viktor Yanukovych ( "Xisbiga Gobolada") iyo Petro Symonenko ( "shuuciga Party of Ukraine"), wada jir ah ula Yulia Tymoshenko ( "Fatherland") u baahan xayuubin madaxweynaha.

Yulia Tymoshenko oo iyada kooxda bilaabay inuu "untwist" qorsheyaasha har Yushchenko noqday kuwa loo yaqaan badan oo xaqiiqada xiiso leh oo ku saabsan arrin darto in tiro badan oo ah hantida dadweynaha iyada oo loo marayo shirkadaha gaar ah iyo qolof, tusaale ahaan of this - ". Rosukrenergo" Intii uu madaxweynaha Yushchenko u suurtagashay in ay la qaybiyo tirada weyn abaalgudyo iyo amarada mudnaan shaki ku dhowaad dhammaan qaraabadooda.

Muddo ka dib waxa uu noqonayaa mid iska cad in macnaha ka xayuubinta ah ee Madaxweynaha ma aha, sida ay rating waa wax yar yahay (iyadoo ay jirto in uu rajeynaya in uu ordo muddo labaad), ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in aan fog doorashada, taas oo hore u qeexan Yulia Tymoshenko oo iyada soo horjeeda ugu weyn - Viktor Yanukovych.

soo laabtay

In 2010, doorashooyinka soo socda madaxweynaha ku dhowaad Shaki kuma jiro in madaxweynaha cusub ee Ukraine waxay noqon doontaa Viktor Yanukovich Fedorovich. Doorashooyinka ayaa sidoo kale qabtay laba wareeg. Sidii la filayay, madaxda lagu heshiiyay "Xisbiga Gobolada" iyo "Fatherland". Sayidka, on February 14, kadib markii tirinta codadka, waxaa caddaatay in guusha ee Viktor Yanukovych. Inta lagu jiro caleema saarka madaxweynaha lahaa xaaladaha xiiso yar oo aan awoodin in ay ka hesho dareenka suxufiyiinta iyo soo horjeeda ee Yanukovych iska. Ilaa iyo inta Madaxweynaha Mustaqbalka ee Ukraine Yanukovych ayaa waxaa isku diyaarinaya caleema saarayay, laba maalmood ka hor at taallo in ay aasaasayaasha Kiev ay sabab u tahay daxalka ee biraha dheceen tirooyinka Xoreeb oo Cheek (Kyi, Cheek, Xoreeb - aasaasayaasha Kiev). Qaar ka mid ah kiiskan ay awoodaan in ay ku xidhaan in ay korsato soo socda ee booska uu ka Rada Verkhovna ah. Laakiin waa dhacdo xiiso ma aha oo kaliya. Waqti uu madaxweynaha mustaqbalka galay dhismaha Baarlamaanka, ee isaga ka soo hor si lama filaan ah bilaabay inuu xiro albaabka.

Yaboohay si loo gaaro

Sida dhammaan madaxweynayaashii hore, guddiga Yanukovych bilaabeen abuurista dadka toosan ku wareegsan madaxweynaha. Wuxuu ku baaqay soo horjeeda "aaso gudmo ah" for shaqada wax soo saar leh. Sayidka bilaabay cadaadis siyaasadeed ee Yulia Tymoshenko oo Yuriy Lutsenko, kuwaas oo markii danbe la xukumay oo lagu xukumay muddo xabsi ah noocyo kala duwan oo articles. Dabcan, Viktor Yanukovych ayaa ku boorriyay dhammaan sabab in siyaasadeed in this, laakiin waxa ay aaminsan yihiin in si liidata.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo Madaxweyne Yanukovych, markaas ma dhihi karno in inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyadiisa ayuu aan gaadhay natiijooyin wax. Dhibaatadu waxay ahayd in, in la barbardhigo dhammaan madaxweynayaashii hore, oo wuxuu lahaa oo koorso gaar ah ma aha in la xoojiyo xiriirka u West ah, iyo horumarinta xiriirka la Russia, taas oo aan si gaar ah u jeclaa siyaasadda "pro-Yurub". Sidaas darteed, doorashooyinka soo socda madaxweynaha ee Ukraine qaadan meel ku saabsan asalka ah ee kacaanka cusub.

mar kale kacaanka

Horeba dabayaaqadii 2013 - horraantii 2014 waxaan ka heli kacaan Yurub ama "kacaanka sharafta", halkaas oo hore iyo madaxda cusub oo ka mid ah "Mu'asasada" go'aansadeen in ay midoobaan si ay u isticmaalaan kacaanka in la beddelo dawladda. Waxay leeyihiin waxaa soo baxday - oo sabab u ah Yanukovych dalka ka cararaa. Macnaha ku jira dagaalka ka bilaabmaa diyaarinta doorashada soo socota, oo hore u ay jiraan warar sheegaya in Poroshenko - Madaxweynaha dalka Ukraine.

Petro Poroshenko

Ku dhowaad hal ma shakiyey in mid ka mid ah madaxda firfircoon oo ka mid ah "Mu'asasada" wuxuu noqon doonaa Madaxweynaha. Sida Petro Poroshenko, waxaa lama yaqaan by badan sida siyaasi, laakiin si ka badan sidii nin ganacsade ah, milkiilaha shirkadda si fiican u yaqaan macmacaanka Roshen. Ku dhowaad dhammaan, Peter Poroshenko mooyee, waxay ahaayeen musharaxiinta farsamo madaxwaynanimada ee Ukraine. Liiska ahaa mid aad u kala duwan. The musharax methyl madaxtinimada xataa Darth Vader - musharax oo ka mid ah "Internet Party of Ukraine", laakiin waxaa ka noqday xilligan la soo dhaafay. codbixinta ma qayb ka mid ah Crimea ma qaadan, sidii markii dadka deegaanka ay u codeeyeen in afti in ay ku biiraan Ruushka, iyo, dabcan, gobollada bari ee Ukraine - Donetsk iyo gobolka Luhansk - sabab u ah hawlgallada mileteri ee hadda socda gobolladan. caleema saarka ee Madaxweynaha Ukraine Poroshenko, sida Yanukovych, sidoo kale ma aha iyada oo aan daqiiqado ay xiiso leh. Iyadoo Poroshenko ku socotid ay kadiifada guduudan si Verkhovna Rada ah, mid ka mid ah askarta waardiyaha ahaa ee sharaf, sida muuqata, ayuu stroke kulaylka, taas oo sababta uu ka qori gacanta hoos iyo ku dhawaad darnaatay. Xaaladdan oo kale, madaxweynaha mustaqbalka socday ee la soo dhaafay sida haddii ogaanaya.

La hadal ah oo ku saabsan arrimo gaar ah weli xilli hore tahay, maxaa yeelay, dhab ahaantii inta lagu jiro dagaalka bari ee Ukraine waa mid aad u adag tahay in la siiyo qiimayn ku filan Poroshenko. Madaxweynaha Ukraine, sida caadiga ah, ayaa sheegay in khasnadda ku boobay, oo u leeyihiin in ay door biday in ay tallaabooyin nacaayo inuu geesinimo kaga dhex eegto mustaqbal wanaagsan.

Oo kuwaas oo dhammu Madaxweynayaashii Ukraine si ka horeysay si xad dhaaf ah (nasiib xumo in la yidhaahdo "dhaafay"). Waxaad si daacad ah u rumaysan kartaan oo keliya ee xaqiiqda ah in in sheekada taxanaha ah madaxweynaha this of Ukraine, kuwaas oo in muddo gaaban ee madaxbanaanida u suurtagashay in ay u noolaadaan a Kacdoonkii yar, iyo sida ugu badan shan madaxweyne, noqon doonaa, oo dalka ka heli doontaa hoggaamiye xoog leh. Waxba ma ahan wixii dabcan hoggaansamaan doonaa in madaxweynaha cusub ee Ukraine, Western ama Ruush, waxaa muhiim ah oo kaliya in dadka ay dareemaan nabad iyo ammaan, si hawlgabka dadka hawlgabka ah u qalantay, oo caadi ah dadka - mushaharka. Laakiin si ay u taas loo gaaro, waa in aad dadaal kasta, iyo in kastoo ay wax badan ku xiran tahay shakhsiyadda madaxweynaha, ha iloobin dadka wefdigiisa, kaas oo sidoo kale waa in xiiso ma aha oo kaliya in iyaga u gaar ah fayo-qabka, laakiin sidoo kale in daryeelka dadka uu. Tani waa goolkii asaasiga ah ee wax kasta oo siyaasi is-ixtiraamka, wax badan ka yar madaxweynaha dal madaxbannaan.