Madaxweynaha Maraykanka Diyaaradaha: dulmar, sharaxaad, sifooyinka iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Diyaarad Madaxweynaha Maraykanka waa calaamad cad ee Maraykanka ee guud iyo xafiiska qofka ugu horeeya si gaar ah. Mar kasta oo madaxa ka mid ah gobolka dibedda ama dalka u safri, uu siiyey teknoolojiyad sare iyo raaxo Airbus. Maalintii xusuus of September 11 diyaaradaha ee George W. Bush ayaa muujisay in ay tahay wax ka badan diyaarad jet ah - "747" noqday dhufays a mobile marka dhammaan jagooyinka dhulka u muuqatay in ay u nugul weerar.

Waa maxay farqiga u, "Air Force One" on diyaarad kale, iyo in u baahan yahay in madaxa gobolka duuli kari waayeen adduunka oo dhan? Haddii aan ka fiirsan inta ay le'eg diyaaradaha xambaartaa Madaxweynaha Mareykanka, ma aha la yaab leh in warbaahinta waxaa ugu yeedhaan "duulaya Aqalka Cad".

Waa maxay "Air Force One"?

Dadka badankood waxay leeyihiin fikrad guud ee diyaarada ee Madaxweynaha Maraykanka - xafiiska duulaya oo wata cayn kasta oo ah qalabka-teknoolojiyad sare. Laakiin waxaa jira laba xaqiiqooyin muhiim ah oo ku saabsan taas oo guud ahaan dadweynaha ogyahay yar.

Farsamo ahaan, "Air Force One" diyaarad ma aha. Tani waxay calaamad radio call of diyaarad kasta oo ka Air Force Maraykanka, siday Madaxweynaha Maraykanka. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan madaxa gobolka waxaa gaariga la duubo oo duulaya, waxaa loo gudbinayaa ah shaqaalaha markabka oo dhan ilaaliyaal sida "guddiga Ciidamada Cirka №1» (Air Force One) si looga fogaado jahawareer la diyaarad kasta oo kale ee degaanka. Haddii madaxweynaha guuro on diyaaradaha ciidanka, waxaa loo yaqaannaa "guddiga Army №1», iyo mar kasta oo uu ay helicopter gaar ah, waxa uu noqonayaa a "guddiga raxan №1». Laakiin dad rayid ah si qudhiisa loo yaqaan "747".

Madaxweynaha oo ka mid ah Air United States: Features

Si aad u taariikhda, waxaa jira labo dayuuradood in si joogto ah u soo duuli hoos tilmaamahaasi - ku dhowaad isku mid ah "Boeing 747-200B". diyaarad gaar ah ay leeyihiin naqshada VC-25a tirooyin dabada 28000 iyo 29000.

Labadan diyaaradood oo ay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedka isla guud ee a caadiga ah "Boeing 747-200B" iyo sifooyinka la mid ah. Waxay leeyihiin dhowaad height isku mid ah dhismaha lix dabaq (19.8 m) iyo dhererka block magaalo (70.66 m). Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxay leedahay afar engine jet General Electric CF6-80C2B1, kuwaas oo bixiya kala jar 252 kasta Kn. xawaaraha ugu badan waa in kala duwan ee ka 1014 si ay u 1127 km / h iyo saqafka ugu badnaan waa 13747 m. diyaarad kasta oo xanbaarsan 203129 litir oo shidaal ah. Diyaaradda ayaa culeyskiisu yahay 377.842 kg in gebi xakameeyo duulimaadyada gobolka dheer-shixnad. Iyadoo diyaaradaha a haan buuxda duuli karaa ilaa kala badh dadka dunida (12553 km).

Sida la "747" caadi ah, kuwaas oo saddex heer oo diyaaradaha. Laakiin gudahood ah "guddiga №1» gebi ahaanba ka duwan dayuuradood ganacsi.

Inside Air Force One

US diyaarad Madaxweynaha, Saaladda taas oo uu leeyahay meel waxtar leh ee 371 mitir oo laba jibbaaran. m., intee ka badan sida hotel ama xafiis ka badan jetliner ah, marka laga reebo suunka badbaadada on kuraasta oo dhan. heerka ugu hooseeya ee loogu adeegsaday gaadiidka badeecadaha. Inta badan meelaha rakaabka waa heerka dhexe, iyo sare waxaa inta badan laga qaado by qalabka isgaarsiinta.

Madaxweynaha ayaa ku waafajino guddiga, taas oo ka mid ah oo qolka, musqusha, jimicsiga iyo xafiisyada. Inta badan alaabta diyaaradda by gacanta by cabinetmakers Sayidkayguna wuu.

Shaqaalaha ururiyay qol shir oo waaweyn, kuwaas oo sidoo kale qolka cuntada a. The oo safafka sare waxay leeyihiin xafiisyo u gaar ah, halka shaqaalaha haray maamulka madaxweynaha, sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin meel shaqada iyo xilli firaaqaha. Waxaa jiro aag gaar ah suxufiyiinta la socda, sidoo kale meel ku filan shaqaalaha waajib. Guud ahaan, diyaarada Madaxweynaha Maraykanka si raaxo leh ku qaadi karto 70 rakaab ah iyo 26 shaqaale ah.

Hollywood version

"Air Force One" ayaa lagu muujiyay gudaha ee Hollywood ee film eponymous ee 1997 la Harrison Ford in doorka madaxweynaha Maraykanka. In kasta oo qaybo ka mid ah muuqaal qeexin eg agaasimaha asalka ah ee filimka sibraar ku siiyey in ay hal-abuurka iyo farshaxanka. Ma jiro kaabsal samatabbixinta diyaaradaha dhabta ah sida ku cad filimka, iyo xataa parachutes. Dabcan, kaabsal gurmadka - ma ahan wax ku saabsan taas oo aan ku hadli karin.

khariidad

US diyaarad Madaxweynaha samreysa qaar ka mid ah awaalka, HALO dahsoon, waxaana taa ugu wacan helaan, waxa uu ku xaddidan dadka intooda badan. Xataa siyaasiyiinta lagu casuumay iyo wariye looma oggola in qaybo ka mid ah, iyo taxaddar Ciidamada Cirka oo ku filan in lagu qariyo faahfaahinta gaarka ah ee qaabka diyaaradda. Maxaa qarsoon xajiya diyaarada ee Madaxweynaha Maraykanka? Tiro ka mid ah ilaha rasmiga ah iyo aan rasmi ahayn la daabacay sharaxaad guud waxa gudaha "guddiga №1», laakiin ma jirto cid, ilaa sida aynu ognahay, ma si sax ah sheeg sida qaybo ka mid ah la xidhiidhaan midba midka kale. Oo xataa haddii uu qof sameeyey, ayuu u badan tahay aqbaleen talo ah edeb inay qariyaan macluumaad this sababo amniga qaranka.

Halkan waxa aan ognahay, sida caadiga ah "747", Madaxweynaha Maraykanka ee diyaaradda waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex tu. Iyo, sida aad ka dhigi kartaa on warbaahinta telefishinka, rakaab aad u hesho in iyada oo loo marayo saddex irdood. Sida caadiga ah madaxa gobolka, jawi soo dhoweynaya, wuxuu jecel yahay albaabka midige dhexe, kaas oo kaxeeya a jaranjarada rakaabka is-gano. Suxufiyiinta illinka laga galo dib, halkaas oo ay si degdeg ah u fuulayaan sallaan si sharraxaa dhexe. Inta badan aagga for saxaafadda u eg qaybta fasalka-koowaad ee dalaka a jet caadiga ah, la fadhiga raaxo leh oo ballaadhan.

Caqli ahaan, waa in sidoo kale noqon:

• aagga shaqaalaha;
• huuriyo,
• qolka shirka iyo qolka cuntada ah,
• Madaxweynaha iyo lambarka xafiiska uu;
• meel shaqo iyo nasasho markabka.

Iyo, dabcan, waa in ay noqdaan qolka xarunta isgaarsiinta a, salon iyo qol, sida in diyaaradaha caadiga ah ee ganacsiga.

Oo ay la socoto isticmaalka non-dhaqanka ee meel rakaabka, "guddiga №1» waxaa ka buuxa noocyo kala duwan oo teknoolajiyada ka dhigaya ka diyaaradaha jet caadiga ah ka duwan.

Features

Tan iyo markii ay "guddiga №1» qaada madaxweynaha, safarada qaar ka mid noqon karaan kuwo muddo dheer, iyo diyaarad uu leeyahay tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka gaarka ah, kuwaas oo qaar badan yihiin maqan on diyaaradaha rayidka ah.

markabka ayaa isku diyaarinaya cunto laba jikooyinka si buuxda u qalabaysan. Xaddi badan oo cuntada lagu kaydiyaa qaboojiyaha midige hoose. markabka The quudin karo ilaa 100 qof waqti ah oo kuu ogolaanaya kaydinta in ay leeyihiin stock ah 2,000 gogo '.

teknoolajiyada badan ayaa ku lug leh iyo gacanka caafimaadka. Waxaa farmashiyaha ballaaran, wax badan oo ka mid ah qalabka daaweynta degdegga ah, iyo xitaa miiska laab-baxay hawlgalka ah. markabka ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa dhakhtar loo Tegay Madaxweynaha, meel kasta oo uu u dhaco. Duushay, diyaarad maximally loo diyaariyey oo dhan jirin xaaladaha suurto gal.

Marka la barbardhigo caadiga ah ee "747", "guddiga №1" qalabeysan yahay wiishash gaar ah gadaal loo celin karo in hore iyo gadaalba laga waayo, hoyga iyo alighting. Ascending furo gal sagxad hoose, iyo xubno ka tirsan shaqaalaha markabka iyo shaqaalaha fuuli jaranjarada gudaha si ay u gaaraan sagxad sare. diyaaradaha ayaa sidoo kale wuxu iska leeyahay preload Alaabtoodii. Iyada oo lagu daro kuwan, "guddiga №1» waa ka madaxbannaan adeegyada garoonka, taas oo khatar gelin kara khatar dhinaca ammaanka ah.

E-buuxintii

The feature ugu caanka ah ee diyaaradda waa korantada ay. Waxaa ka mid ah 85-on board telefoonada, collection of idaacadaha, mashiinada fax iyo xidhiidhada computer. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira 19 telefishinada iyo noocyo kala duwan oo qalab xafiis. nidaamka telefoonka waxaa lagu xirayaa caadiga ah khadadka dhulka iyo isgaarsiinta dowladda. Madaxweynaha oo shaqaalaha la hadli kartaa qof kasta oo dunida, dhaqaaqin ee ka saaciday inay xawaaraha of a kiiloomitir yar dhulka ka sareeya.

Work saarnaa korantada bixiyo qaar ka mid ah 380 km ah oo silig (laba jeer ka badan intii caadiga ahayd ee "747"). Gaashaamashada ku filan in qalabka ka ilaaliyo wadnaha electromagnetic soo saaray qarax nuclear.

Muuqaal kale waa awood u leh inay dib u shidaal qaadasho ee horyaalka. Sidoo kale diyaaradaha dagaalka kale B-2 ama, waxay u saamaxdaa markabka in ay sii joogaan hawada aan xad lahayn, taas oo ay noqon kartaa muhiim in xaalad deg deg ah.

Qaar ka mid ah waxyaalaha ugu xiisaha badan oo ka mid ah "guddiga №1» - hage sare iyo ilaalinta - waxaa loo kala saaraa. Laakiin Ciidamada Cirka ah ayaa sheegay in diyaarada waa hubaal military, iyo loogu talagalay inay u adkeysan weerar hawada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa lagu qalabaysan qalab arrimha dibada, kaas oo awood u arrimha dibada radar cadowga. diyaaradaha ayaa sidoo kale awood u toogtaan dabin infrared inay ka shuqlinin gantaalo kulaylka-doonaya.

Flight diyaarinta

flight kasta "guddiga №1» lagu tilmaamay inay tahay howl gal milateri oo soo saaray si waafaqsan. Adeegayaashoodda at Andrews Air Force Base ee Maryland hor tagay taxadar leh loo baadho ee diyaaradaha iyo ku ordaana.

Marka ay timaado in ay qaataan waqti-off, helicopter madaxtooyada siinayaa madaxa gobolka ka Aqalka Cad si Andrews Air Force Base. shaqaalaha saldhig kormeera diyaaradaha aan la ogalayn dhow iyo xaq u leeyahay inuu hoos u toogtaan digniin la'aan.

Ka hor inta diyaarad kasta, "guddiga №1» Ciidamada Cirka diro diyaarad xamuul caga C141 Starlifter ah, siday motorcade madaxweynaha. Waxaa ka mid ah a collection of limousines xabada iyo basaska, oo ay ku raran hubka ammaanka ee madaxa gobolka on dhulka.

Madaxweynaha had iyo jeer soo gaaray salka la "kubada cagta" - boorso kaas oo ay ku kaydiso codes geeyo nuclear. sarkaal Ciidamada Cirka isaga ilaalinayo inta lagu jiro dayuurada, ka hor inta dhiibteen sarkaalka ciidanka dhulka ku.

Mudnaan in madaxweynaha shaqeeyaan

Sida jetliner caadiga ah, qofka ugu horeeya ee dalka u adeegi jireen by shaqaalaha dayuuradda diyaaradda iyo wakiillada diyaariyo iyo cuntada u adeegaan, iyo nadiifiso diyaaradda. Waxay si taxadar leh loo doortay ka soo military la sumcad ay jariiradu. shaqaale diyaariya cuntada waa in la waafajiyaa heerka sare ee ammaanka. Tusaale ahaan, gadashada cuntada, waxay ka yar daboolka ka shaqeeyaan iyo dukaamada dooro fursadda si looga hortago isku day sumeeyey. Ay u adeegaan oo ay diyaarad ka mid ah Madaxweynaha Maraykanka steeper hotel shan-star.

shaqaale waa sharaf aad u dhif ah - waxay madaxweynaha u shaqeeyaan marka uu gobolka ugu nugul. Madaxweyne kasta oo tan iyo Harry Truman, loo dayactiro xiriirka dhow la leh uu shaqaalaha dayuuradda iyo diyaarad la soo dhaafay ayaa had iyo jeer dareen.

Madaxweynaha Diyaarad: The Story of the American "guddiga №1»

Ilaa dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, madaxa United States dhif u safray uga fog yahay guriga. Booqashada dalal kale oo qaadatay waqti aad u badan iyo madaxii ka soo gooyeen ee dalka ka imaanaya hay'adaha waaweyn.

Horumarinta ee duulimaadyada ayaa loo ogol yahay madaxweynaha inuu u dhaqaaqo dunida dacaladeeda iyo inuu ku soo laabto Mareykanka muddo gaaban. In 1943, Franklin Ruzvelt noqday madaxa ugu horraysay ee gobolka in ay kor u kacay hawada by socday markab duulaya "Boeing-314" shir ku Casablanca.

Roosevelt go'aansaday in ay qaataan tallaabo this, maxaa yeelay, quusta Jarmal sameeyey berkeddii aad u khatar ah. Laakiin guusha howlgalka si uu u sameeyo horyaalka hab caadiga ah ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Madaxweynaha. Si dhakhso ah, xukuumadda ayaa go'aansanay in loo qoondeeyo Madaxweynaha diyaarad military gaar ah. Air Force asal doortay C-87A Liberator Express, a qarxiyay B-24 qaybiyay loo isticmaalo dadka rayidka ah, kaas oo loogu magac daray ah "Garo meesha."

Ka dib markii kale C-87A duruufo dahsoon burburtay, adeegga ammaanka go'aansaday in diyaaradda ma aha lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ku filan madaxweynaha. Si dhakhso ah, waayo, Roosevelt loo diyaariyey by C-54 Skymaster, kaas oo lahaa qol, radiotelephone ah oo kor u qaad gadaal loo celin karo waayo kursiga curyaamiinta. Diyaaradda, naaneeso "Cow Xurmaysan", siday madaxa gobolka on tiro ka mid ah ergooyinka muhiim ah, oo ay ku jiraan taariikhi ah shirka Yalta.

Madaxweynaha Truman "sac xurmada leh" ka dhaxashay, laakiin ka dibna waxa lagu bedelay DC-6 a modified, oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "Independence." Marka la barbardhigo diyaaradaha hore, "guddiga cusub №1» midabaynta waddani Sharaf leh madaxa gorgor ee prow ah. Eisenhower labada diyaaradood rafaasad isku mid ayaa la siiyey qalabka la casriyeeyay, oo ay ku jiraan telefoonka iyo teletype.

From Eisenhower in Obama

In 1958, Ciidamada Cirka ee lagu siiyay laba "Boeing 707". Tani waxa ay ahayd tallaabo muhiim ah weeraryahanka la diyaaradaha hore marka la barbar dhigo. Waxaa markaas bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan calaamad call "guddiga №1» ah, iyo dadweynaha qaaday magaca this ka dib markii Kennedy galay xafiiska.

Bilowga muddada Kennedy daray badan oo horumarsan, long-range "Boeing-707", iyo sidoo kale isbedelka of design bilicsanaanta kormeero - Qurxinta buluug iyo caddaan in loo isticmaalaa ilaa maantadan la joogo.

diyaaradaha iyo mataano, in raxan hawada maray sanadkii 1972, door in tiro ka mid ah munaasabadaha waaweyn taariikhiga ah ee 50-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay. "Boeing-707" siday Kennedy ee Dallas November 22, 1963 oo isla maalintaas, iska jidhkiisa dib qaadeen. In duulimaadka, Lindon Dzhonson waxaa dhaariyay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha soo socda ee US. isku diyaarad ay saarnaayeen Nixon ka DC si California ka dib markii uu ka fariistay. markabka kalabadhka helay xaqiijin in Gerald Ford ayaa la dhaariyay in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha soo socda, iyo calaamo ka mid ah diyaaradaha ayaa la beddelay ee SAM ah (Air Hawlgalka Gaarka ah) 27000 wac.

"Boeing-707" Reagan shaqeeyey laba teeram, iyo George HW Bush intii uu muddada ugu horeysay. In 1990, 707 ka mid ah taariikhda ayaa loo badalaa "747" - Diyaarad ka mid ah Madaxweynaha Maraykanka Barack Obama ayaa maanta loo isticmaalo.

waxaa isbedel kale oo madaxa gobolka of raxan diyaaradda dib la qorsheeyay in 2010 20 sano ka dib markii hawlgallo. Haddii aad is barbar diyaarado madaxweyne ee dalalka kala duwan, United States cibaaro gaarka ah ee diyaaradaha aan la qoondeeyey. Tusaale ahaan, wax dheeraad ah oo casri ah "Boeing-747-400" ayaa diyaar u ah Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Japan, Boqorka Baxrayn, Suldaankii Brunei, Boqorka Cumaan, Boqorka Saudi Arabia iyo kuwo kale oo Ciidamada Cirka ah ku dhawaaqay in diyaaradaha soo socda madaxweynaha uu noqon doono "January 28, 2015. Boeing 747-8 ".