Ciidamada Bada ee Cathedral ee Kronstadt: habka loo shaqaynayo, cinwaanka, sawiro

waqti C Magaalada xusuusan of Kronstadt, yaal Kotlin Island ee Gacanka Finland, waxay u adeegeen ilaaliso dibadda galbeed Russia on badda bari. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu yaqaan ma aha oo kaliya sida ciidankii a military, laakiin sidoo kale sida kursiga qiimaha iyo soo jiidashada ee St. Petersburg la xiriira ammaan badaha badan oo taariikhi ah.

Mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha ugu muhiimsan oo heer sare waa St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral ee Kronstadt. Waxay ku taalaa bartamaha magaalada iyo waa taallo in ay geesinimo iyo geesinimada ah ee badmaax Ruush ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale u qabata hawlaha arrin nabad caadiga ah iyo maalmaha fasaxa waxaa la qabtaa cibaadada, baabtiiska iyo aroos.

Ciidamada Bada ee Cathedral ee Kronstadt: Address

Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Kronstadt, barroosinka Square, d. 1.

mode

Kronstadt Naval Cathedral, saacadaha: maalin ka 9.30 si 18.00.

Sidoo kale, haddii la doonayo, oo aad halkaas ka heli kartaa oo aan u sujuudin, kaas oo la qabtay laba jeer maalintii at 10.00 iyo 18.00.

Sidee in ay halkaas ka heli?

Nasiib darro, khadadka biyaha ee sanadkan ayaa la baajiyay sababo la xiriira faa'iidada yar yahay, sidaas si aad u hesho in ay Nicholas St. Cathedral awoodo hadda oo kaliya gaadiidka dalka:

- lambarka baska 405 si Kronstadt ka dhulka hoostiisa ah "Black River" si ay u joojiyaan at Square shiraaqii,

- № baska 407 ee metro Kronstadt "Prospect Education 'si ay u joojiyaan at meesha ay noqoto;

- Tirada Bus 101 si Kronstadt ka idaacadda metro "Old Village" joogsiga a at the House of nolosha, ka dibna - on foot on Soviet Street si Heeg Square.

wadaraha

Muuqashadii Naval Cathedral Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Yeeray kaniisad Sophia ee Istanbul. Its qaab-dhismeedka waa shiidaa isku mid ah si ay u museum diimeed ee Turkish, laakiin uu leeyahay cabbirada badan oo yar yar, oo dhererkiisu Nicholas Cathedral baxo 83 m, width - 64 m, height of isku mid ah (oo ay ku jiraan cross) - oo wax yar ka badan 70 m.

Isla mar ahaantaana in kaniisadda St. Nicholas qaybta ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah, oo qaadi kara ilaa 3 kun oo qof.

Cathedral Bada ee Kronstadt ay size kaalinta labaad ee Russia ka dib markii Moscow Masiix Cathedral oo Badbaadiyeheenna ah.

story

Shuruudaha bilowga dhismaha cathedral bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan dhamaadka qarnigii XIX ah, marka jasiiradda of Kotlin ayaa hore u helay xaaladda a noolaa :. By wakhtigan la dhisay dekedda, shipyards, guraan, saldhig milatariga. Laakiin macbudka halis ah, taas oo calaamad u lahaa rumaysadka iyo dhawrsashada ciidanka Ruush, ilaa hadda ma jiraan.

Dabcan, Church Orthodox ku lahaa. Laakiin iyadu, iyadoo u dhow chapels Lutheran taagan marka loo eego waxay ahayd si unprepossessing in horurimarineed ugu weyn ee dhismaha kaniisadda cusub iyo donators Archpriest Ioann Kronshtadtsky waa si joogto ah eedayn tababaraha. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, tan ay suurto gal ahayd iyo qaar ka mid ah fashilaad in mustaqbalkiisa Ruushka badda. Intaa waxaa dheer, kiniisadda sharafta leh si ay u ilaaliyaan iyo shisheeyaha xuuqaa difaaco Russia, sida macbudka u dhiganta markabka isla, ku shaqeeya by Rabbiga.

Design: 1896 - 1902 sano.

In 1896, iyada oo loo marayo dadaalka of mid ka mid ah fikrada ah, ku-xigeenka Admiral oo ah taliyaha magaalada dekedda leh ee Kronstadt N. I. Kazakova, shaqada ayaa bilaabay on dhigaayo mustaqbalka Nicholas St. Cathedral. Weheliso ay ujeedada toos ah, macbudka ayaa sidoo kale si hurin, xusuusta reer madaxda taagan badda iyo saraakiil dilay line ee waajibka.

tartan caalami ah oo design ka mid ah dhismayaasha, iyo sidoo kale in uu magacaabo guddi si ay u ururiyaan deeqaha dhismaha lagu dhawaaqay sannadkii 1897. Lacagta ugu deeqay iyo xubno ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor iyo muwaadiniinta caadiga ah, iyo saraakiisha ka tirsan Waaxda Navy ah. By habka, la soo dhaafay ee 1898 waxaa looga baahan yahay in ay gacan ka 0,25% mushaarka ilaa 1914.

laba ka mid ah tartanka at Cathedral Bada ee Kronstadt oo keliya la siiyey. iyaga balan ku qorin 1897 iyo 1898 sano, laakiin mid ka mid ahaa tallaabooyinka la doortay sida guusha iyo ma ahaa.

In July 1899, Nicholas II waxaa hore u ansixiyey mashruuca ayaa hore aan ka qeyb galay tartamada AI Tomishko, laakiin dhismaha ayaa ka soo horjeeda guddiga this, iyo natiijada ka sameeyo baray V. A. Kosyakovu. A dhowr sano ka hor, naqshada this ayaa hore u dhisay laba mawduucyada la mid ah macbudka.

In 1901, V. A. Kosyakov soo bandhigay kulan ciidamada gaarka ah laba Dakatu, mid ka mid ah taas oo ugu dambeyntii waxaa la ansixiyey, iyo Nicholas II of, iyo Guddiga. Future Naval Cathedral (Kronstadt) on mashruucan ahaa mid aad u la mid ah line of Constantinople St. Sophia.

Bookmark: GG 1901-1903.

meel loogu talagalay dhismaha Cathedral Naval la doortay ee 1898. Waxay noqday meesha ay noqoto sababtoo ah qaababka ay soo socda:

- gabal oo intaasu waxay ahayd bartamaha magaalada,

- meel hantiyeen kacsantahay iyo difaacan daadadka;

- sida ay qorshaha, St. Nicholas Cathedral, halkan ku yaalla, ayaa loo arki karaa ka dhan dhibcood ama asaastay ah;

- meel badan ka hor macbudka u adeegi lahaa sida dhulka dabaaldega for maraan ciidamada badda ah,

- size ee aagga ku filan oo keliya ee cathedral ee weyn.

In 1901, ka dib ayaa loo qoondeeyay lacag dhismaha macbudka in ay noqoto Square ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay adeega salaadda a. Land qudhiisu quduus ka Ioann Kronshtadtsky. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa ka soo qaybgalay ku saabsan 14,000 oo ka tirsan ciidamada badda iyo arday. dabaal ka dib, shaqo bilaabay on nadiifinta goobta, kaas oo socday muddo dhowr bilood ah.

1902 waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by bilowgii nidaamka reer kabxidda iyo aasaaskii ururka for Cathedral Bada ee Kronstadt.

In 1903 wuxuu derbiga ugu horeysay dhigay. Tani waxay dhacday 8 May ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen Emperor Nicholas II, naagtiisa Alexandra Fyodorovna, hooyadiis Maria Feodorovna iyo Prince Michael, Alexis iyo Vladimir.

Dhismaha iyo dhameysatay: GG 1903-1913.

Ka hor inta bilowga ah ee 1905 ma aysan joogsan shaqada dhismaha ee Cathedral Naval ah. In Kronstadt, geedi socod gacanta ku jihada Guddiga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, xitaa madaxda sare ma saameyn ku yeelan kartaa ganaax ah ee geedi socodka, si lama filaan ah soo baxday in 1905-1906 ay sabab u dirir gudaha. Tani waxay inta badan keentaa in failure inay keento qalabka lagama maarmaanka ah dhismaha: dhismayaasha birta ah, tiradii lebenkii oo sharraxay.

In 1907, dhismaha cathedral la furay bilaabay decoration gudaha. Qurxinta ayaa muddo ka badan dhismaha laftiisa qaaday.

In 1908 waxaan ku dhameysatay si loo soo dajiyo nidaam kulaylku.

In 1913 waxaa lagu fuliyay heerka ugu dambeeya ee dhameystir: on darbiyada St. Nicholas Cathedral kaalinta huurada leh magacyada, ayaa baxriyiintii dhintay, marmar sameeyey. Liiska waxa ku jira dhammaan shaqaalaha tan iyo 1696.

June 10, 1913 Ciidamada Badda Cathedral ahaa quduus ka joogaan reer boqor iyo qoyskiisa. Ma aha oo kaliya in Kronstadt, laakiin sidoo kale St. Petersburg ee marti ah xaflado grand lagu sharfayo dhacdadan.

Ka dib markii shuqulkii oo dhan ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey, waxaan xisaabinayaa qarashka dhismaha. Sidaas darteed, waxaa soo baxay la ogaaday in Ciidamada Bada ee Cathedral kaliya ee Kronstadt waxaa qaatay ku dhowaad 1,876 million rubles.

St. Nicholas Cathedral wakhtigii Kacaanka

Qiimeeyo ulajeedada macbudka lahaa si ay u qabtaan dheer - sano oo kaliya 4. In 1914 dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, ee 1918, qaab dhismeedka dib hoos baahida dadka rayidka ah, iyo sanadka soo socda maray iyo sameeyey shirka in isticmaalka heshiis.

In xagaagii 1929 ahaa adeeg ee la soo dhaafay in Ciidamada Bada ee Cathedral ee Kronstadt. Ka dib markii in, dhammaan hartay ka dib markii boobka hantida macbudka ku tilmaamay iyo wareejiyay Fund Gobolka, Bank Gobolka, Navy iyo matxafyada Ruush ah.

khasaare Irretrievable of steel ku taxan dahab badmaax derdertay on kiniiniyada marmar ah. Mid ka mid ah qayb ka mid ah ayaa la jebiyey, kan kale - loogu isticmaalay hawshii meesha shirka.

In 1930, Bolsheviks u cid diray in loo dhalaalay ku dhawaad oo dhan dawanno iyo aaladaha birta ah in ay heli waayeen macbudka. Waayo, wargelinta alarm oo waxaa hadhay dawan mid kaliya culeyskiisu ku saabsan 5000 kg. Waxaa jira version a in shaqaalaha si fudud aan la dhaqaajin karin. ka dib top ka Dhawr bilood ayaa hoos u dhacay iyo gudbo. Hadda ka badan dushooda domes of Cathedral ee calanka buunbuuniyey cas.

In 1932, gudaha kaniisadda ayaa la beddelay shineemo ah ee 1939, mar kale dhisay, laakiin waxa ay durbaba hoos Golaha Saraakiisha. Adeegga Engineering dhawaan gacan weyn ka ilaalinta ee sifooyinka farsamada ee dhismaha. dayactirka joogtada ah ayaa ka caawiyay macbudka iyo isgaarsiinta ka dilapidation oo dhamaystiran burburka badbaadiyo.

The War Patriotic Great iyo mudada Subxigu

Iyada oo ay ka imanayaan ciidamada Nazi on qubbad ee Naval Cathedral madal dhawrid ku qalabaysan ah. Waxay u shaqeeyay ilaa dhifashada go'doominta. Inkastoo dadaalka ugu wanaagsan ee muwaadiniinta intii lagu jiray dagaalka, macbudka helay qolofka yar, godad ka taasi oo markii dambe laga saaray, oo wuxuu ka dhigay dayactirka dhismaha.

Dhammaadkii dagaalka, fikrad cusub, si ay u dhisaan in hoolka xafladaha Naval Cathedral. Sidaas darteed, caasimada shuqullada dhismaha waxaa ku qalabaysan saqafka been ah, balakoonka, masraxa iyo derbi qoruhu. Ebana ee goobta lagu qaaday ilaa iyo 1954, oo ay sabab u ahayd xadgudub ka dhan ah daacadnimada derbiyada macbudka - iyaga ka mid ah ayaa u tegey dildilaaca badan. Bishii February 1955 hoolka la caleemo. Waxaa jiray fiid qabtay, riwaayado, dhacdooyinka madadaalo oo kala duwan. Ka dib markii hoos u ciidanku waxay in 60 ka. Hall mar kale noqday mid ka mid ah laamaha Golaha Saraakiisha.

Ciidamada Bada ee Cathedral: 70-mada. ilaa maantadan la joogo

In 1970, miyir dadweynaha ayaa la bedelay, iyo in Ciidamada Bada ee Cathedral Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la bakhtiiyo iyo dib u soo celinta. Dawladdu waxay soo qaaday macbudka hoos garabka, waxaa loo diyaariyey sidii taallo dhaqanka.

1976 wuxuu noqday guul taariikhda dhismayaasha Orthodox. Soo Celinta Naval Cathedral ee Kronstadt u noqday inuu muuqaalka asalka ah.

In 1978, waxaa jiray dab dhismaha kooxda badmaax Kronstadt '. Xaaladdan oo ah goobta of Cathedral Naval haddana way soo noqdeen gurmad - kooxda waa ku meel gaar ah ku yaaliin macbudka.

May 8, 1980, maalin ka go'an in ay sanad guurada of guushii ay ka gaareen ciidamada Jarmal ee St. Nicholas Cathedral furay madxaf, magacaabay ka dib markii qalcaddayda Kronstadt. Its goobta wax yar ka ahaa wax ka yar 1,000 m ^2, iyo in uu uruuriyaa oo ay ahayd ku dhowaad 3,000 items, oo waxay na soo gaartay ka waqtiga dagaalka.

The naqshadaha iyo decoration ee Cathedral badda

bannaanka ka ah xubno ka dhismaha ku baahday in style Romanesque ah. leben tolnimo iftiinka iyo jiidh, tiirar, portals iyo xafiiltamaan kiciyey, dheeriga ah ee xubno madaxtooyada badan oo sharraxay. Inkastoo dhinacyada dhismeedka weyn oo cajiib ah ay sabab u tahay qurxinta badan, waxa aanu la abuuro dareen ah awkwardness.

portal kor ku portal ugu weyn ee laga soo galo waxaa lagu qurxiyey images mahrajaan Malaa'igta iyo xigasho ka ahaatay Sabuurka 112: "ka bari in magaca galbeed hvalno Rabbiga!" Labada dhinac waa laba belfry la meelaheeda dedan oo walxood gilt on guddi hore.

decoration ugu weyn ee Cathedral ee Badda yahay, dabcan, ay Xamar ugu weyn. Bright, weyn, deeqsinimo sharraxay barroosinnadii dahab, nasanayso on the "durbaan" oo ka mid ah okonets badan, waxay abuurtaa waayo-aragnimo dhab ah heer sare.

Si aad u soo galo waa tallaabooyin dhowr ah dhagax adag in Cathedral ee St. Nicholas. Albaabada - weyn, qurxiyey sawirro iyo images of quduusiinta.

view of Inside Cathedral Naval ku qasab baxdo. qubbad dhexe halkan ka muuqdaan xitaa ballaaran. Its ballaciisu yahay 27 mitir oo sarajooggeeduna wuxuu ka dabaqa ilaa domes ah - 52 mitir. On dhinac ay u dhaarsan laba domes dheeraad ah, laakiin in size yar. Kordhi meel bannaan oo ku dhinac ee meelo furan.

Laga soo bilaabo gudaha macbudka taabta weynaanta run, meel Rafaa laga buuxiyay la mosaics sameeyey style Byzantine. gudaha waxaa ka mid ah images badan oo kaluun ah, inta hirku, fardo badda, maraakiibta. fiiro gaar ah waa in ay ahaataa canvases iconostasis iyo wasakheeyey qiyaaso kasta 52 mitir oo laba jibbaaran.

Waxaan is illowsiin kartaa huurada ee marmar madow ay magacyadii reer binu ayaa baxriyiintii dhintay - in dhammaan waxaa ay Quito oo ka noqodo mid soo celiyo. Waxay ku yaalaan hareeraha wareega ah Nicholas St. Cathedral iyo waa ay feature ugu muhiimsan.

guriga tukashada waxay leedahay saddex meelood oo allabari, quduus ka dhigay oo lagu sharfayo Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, iyo sidoo kale Peter iyo Paul iyo St. John. Waxay waxaa la geeyaa portal galbeedka. The Qaybaha Waqooyi iyo Koonfur ayaa lagu qurxiyey images of Our Lady of Kazan iyo St. Mitrofanii siday u kala horreeyaan. Soo Celinta Naval Cathedral ee Kronstadt caawiyey wakhtiyada ay noo sawiradaan oo dhan ay ammaan iyo haybad.

Haddii aad u bogi quruxda iyo farshaxanka ee Cathedral Bada ee maalmaha caadiga ah waxay noqon karaan kuwo aan la koobi karayn, markaas taariikhda fasaxyada Orthodox, waxa uu beddelaa heerka ugu sareeya. saf xad-dhaaf ah shumacyo iyo laambadahoodii dhigi darfahoodii, daaqadaha galaas gilt iyo wasakheeyey iftiimi iyo aqrisanin, baqeen dhiirigalin iyo maamuus weyn leh. Saamaynta ay wanaajisaa Muuqda ee adeegga socda iyo gabay kaniisadda heesta, oo ku yaalla balakoonka of gallery ah. magaalada No more weyn oo taariikhi ah soo jiidashada Kronstadt: Cathedral Naval - calaamad u dhabta ah ee jasiiradda Kotlin, halkaas tiir xusuus ah in ay la soo dhaafay geesinimada ah ee Badda Russia iyo goolhayaha ah ee xuduudaha biyaha ay waqooyiga.

Shaqeynta Naval Cathedral maanta

Maanta, St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa shaqeeya hab buuxa. Works on dib u soo celinta ugu weyn ee ay decoration bannaanka iyo gudaha, iyo sidoo kale xaaladda Asheeraah ruuxi ah oo waddani bilaabay 15 sano ka hor, markii sanadkii 2000 markii ugu horeysay kiciyey su'aasha ah ee soo kabashada iyo dhaqan ee badda iyo soo laabashada taxadiri Orthodox laabta of Church ah.

In xilliga dayrta ee 2002 at sare ee macbudkii waxaa ka taagay meel kabka cusub ee warshadda Pushkin Sofia cross toddoba mitir. 3 sano ka dib, ee ugu horeysay ee ay ka midka waqti aad u dheer, diimed oo lagu sharfayo Ioanna Kronshtadtskogo la sameeyey.

Toos ah ugu lug dib u soo celinta macbudka wuxuu guursaday naag reer Madaxweynaha Russia D. A. Medvedeva - Svetlana. In March 2009 Sergiev Posad Lavra ay ka qayb ahaa kulan ka mid ah Golaha dhismaha mas'uul Naval Cathedral ee Kronstadt, kaas oo lagu saxiixay go'aan in la dhiso aasaaska eponymous samafalka. Horeba May ee isla sanadkaas, waxaa la sameeyay, oo waxay bilaabeen in ay hawl u dhiganta urur aan faa'iido doon ah.

December 2009 calaamadsan bilowgii dib u dhiska oo baaxad weyn oo macbudkii ka yeedhaya magaalada Kronstadt. Ciidamada Bada ee Cathedral, hawlgalka waa in la dhameystiro dhismaha iyo decoration ma waxaa ka mid ah booqasho uu ku martidii iyo parishioners, May 28, 2013 ayaa waxaa quduus ka Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia Kirill in joogitaanka wakiillo tiro badan oo ka mid ah Church Orthodox Ruush, dadka caanka ah, iyo sidoo kale madaxda sare ee Badda Madow, Waqooyiga , ee Pacific iyo raxan bari.

Si aad u taariikhda, safar - ma sababta kaliya in ay booqdaan Cathedral Bada ee Kronstadt. Baabtiiska ee dadka waaweyn iyo carruurta, arooska, adeegyada kala duwan - oo dhan oo kaliya lagu qabtay kaniisadda St. Nicholas, sida kiniisadda kale ee Russia.

Waxaan doonayaa in aan aaminsanahay in taariikhda naxdinta lahaa taallo ugu dambayntii waa in ka badan. Hadda ma aha oo kaliya Russia ka dalka oo dhan, laakiin sidoo kale dalxiisayaal badan oo ka dhow iyo meel fog gaadhay muuqdaan in ay hesho si jasiiradda of Kotlin in ay ka markhaati meesha quduuska ah grand magaalada Kronstadt - Cathedral Naval. ay hab hawlgalka, in kastoo Standard - maalin kasta - laakiin waxaa haboon in la xasuusnaado in, oo xidhiidh la leh furitaanka ciyaarta finalka ee parishioners macbudka Great Orthodox Holiday gabi ahaanba ka buuxsantay. In xiriir this, waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay doortaan maalmaha kale baaritaan buuxa oo Asheeraah ah.