Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg: description, guudmar, taariikhda iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

In 1723, oo amar ah Peter waxaan u dhow St. Petersburg, on Kotlin Island, qalcaddii la dhigay. Her mashruuca ayaa sameeyay injineer ciidamada AP Hannibal (France). Waxaa la qorsheeyey in dhismaha dhigan doonaa dhowr wereegeen midoobeen saari doonaa dhagax.

magaalada Kronstadt

magaaladan waxaa halyeeyga waxa uu ku yaalaa on jasiiradda of Kotlin oo ku wareegsan jasiiradaha yaryar ee Gacanka Finland. Waa degmada kaliya ee Kronstadt ee degmada St. Petersburg. dadka magaalada ayaa ah in ka badan saddex iyo afartan kun deggan.

Muddo dheer (ilaa 1995) magaalada la xiray. In 1996, Dowladda ee dalka, waxaa la go'aamiyay on halkan entry xorta ah muwaadiniinta Ruushka iyo sidoo kale martida ajnabiga ah. By habka, dalxiisayaasha jecel yihiin inay meeshan booqo. Indeed, magaaladan yar ayaa soo jiidashada badan - kaniisadaha iyo cathedrals, matxafyada iyo farshaxan, taxadiri dadka caanka ah.

Waa inaan sheegaa in magaalada macbudyo - ma aha oo keliya meel lagu cibaadaysto, ay yihiin masuulka ka ah ee Mala'igtu qiimo la xiriira taariikhda raxan Ruushka. dalxiisayaal badan ayaa soo jiidatay by matxafyada ee magaalada. Waxay sii laftiisa in echo ah oo ka mid ah maalmood ee la soo dhaafay. Mid ka mid ah ugu caansan iyaga ka mid ah ee dalkeenna - ". Qalcaddayda Krondshtadskaya" ee Museum waxaa On aan maanta more sheegi doonaa.

taariikhda qalcaddayda Kronstadt

In xilliga dayrta ee 1724 Admiral P. I. Sivers keentay shaqada on dhismaha qalcadda. In qaybta galbeed ee lixda wereegeen in lagu magacaabay in sharaf of isbeddelid sida ku jirta, regiments Butyrskaya, Semenov, Inkeriga, Marine iyo Lefortovo la dhisay. Ciid for gabiyada, kuwaasi oo ay ku qaadeen dhismaha on dhulweynaha soo saaro gacanta. Xambaarray shaqada qiyaasta saldhig qalcado ah. derbi, kaalinta qoriga la dhisay, qalcaddii munaarad ka dhisay, iwm In qaybta bari ee qalcadda leh waxaa la qorsheeyey in ay u simanahay aniga laba wereegeen, iyo xagga woqooyi - .. afar.

Under Peter aan, qorshahan aan la fuliyey, iyo Peter II ayaa fududeeyey qalcadda. In 1732, duufaan xoog baabbi'iyey sidii loo xoojin lahaa qaybta galbeed. Soo Celinta dhismeedka element dhaawacan lahaa dhowr sano. shaqada dhismaha ee qaybta waqooyi ee qalcadda leh ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey 1734 mu. Kronstadt qalcaddayda ahaa in dagaal joogto ah u diyaar sababta oo ah hanjabaad joogto ah ku hayaan by Sweden. War la France ee 1805 iyo 1806 ee Turkey ayaa tilmaamay baahida loo qabo in la xoojiyo derbiyada. Tan waa la sameeyey si ay u qalcaddayda Kronstadt hor istaagi karay olol furan.

Ka dib guushii ay ka gaareen Faransiis ee 1812, ka dibna bilaabay nolol nabad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaasna joogtada ah ee xubno ka dhigay in ay si joogto ah u cusbooneysiin qalcad alwaax in la ilaaliyo qalcaddii. Kronstadt ee 1824 waxaa la hoos geliyey daadad ba'an. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd dhaawac weyn u dagaal la Halaagay qalcad ah, qaar ka mid ah dhismayaasha iska dhaqday.

Kronstadt qalcaddayda bogsatay ka badan lix sano. Waxaa gebi ahaanba dhiso deedka. Laba qalcaddii la polubashnyami dhagax ku lifaaqan muuqday in qaybta galbeed. Saddex polubashni dheeraad ah (hal-yada) ayaa ka taagay dhanka woqooyi. Halkan waxaa ku qoran afar xero daafaca ayaa u qalabaysan. Dhinaca bari waxaa dhisay derbi qalcaddayda cajiib ah iyo gabbaad dhoobo. Bilowga ee qarnigii XIX ee ciidanku waxay ka koobnayd in ka badan toddoba iyo toban kun oo askari, oo waxaa kor u soddon kun oo kursi ka dib markii xero dhiska Fund.

Castle maanta

In ka sano oo dagaal ugu cabsi badan ee taariikhda aadanaha ee Kronstadt qaaday bilowgiisa wadada isku xirta Leningrad la go'doomiyey dalka. Maanta, hadhaagii ka qalcad ah ee wakhtigaas waxaa si taxadar leh raagayaan. Maanta derbiyada qalcaddayda Kronstadt meelahoodii dugsiga nautical ee Navy ah (xeryaha daafaca), arday Marine Corps. Inta kale ee qalcaddii ku yaalliin adeegga Navy. xidheenka Protective, batari No. 1-7, polubashni №1-3, №1-5 xeryaha daafaca waa taxadiri taariikheed iyo naqshadda in laga badbaadiyo by gobolka.

Sida matxafka ka timid?

Bilowga October 1953 hadalkay u hibeeyeen ilaa ay taariikhda magaalada halyeeyga la furay iyadoo ay ku saleysan Nautical Club. Tan iyo yaraantaadii Museum. Bilowga ee 1973 waxa ay noqotay laan ka mid ah Badda Museum Dhexe ee magaalada. Qayb ka mid ah uu soo-gaadhista dab Club Badda ka dib ayaa si ku meelgaar ah loo raray dhismaha Cathedral Naval ah. Waa in la sheegay in bandhiga jiidatay dadka deegaanka dan weyn iyo marti. Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" (St. Petersburg) albaabbadeedii oo dadweynaha ka furmay May 1980, ka hor Maalinta Victory ah. Maanta waa soo jiidashada ugu caansan iyo ugu soo booqday.

St. Petersburg. Museum "Kronstadt qalcaddayda": description

First of dhan waxaa la ogaadaa in museum this gaar ah waxaa la abuuray qayb firfircoon ee deggan wadaniga ah ee magaalada. Waxa ay muujisay xiisaha ay la yaab leh in dayactirka iyo geysanaya fal taariikhda Kronstadt. Local deeqay ee maacuunta jir ah, dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa, Sawirada, hayaa kaydka qoyska sida Mala'igtu qaali ah.

Maanta, ee Museum "Kronstadt Fortress" St. Petersburg ayaa deeq ururinta u gaar ah, iyadoo in ka badan toddoba kun oo bandhigaa. Waxay ka kooban tahay toddoba qolalka la meel tirada guud ee ku dhow lix boqol oo mitir oo laba jibbaaran, taas oo uu leeyahay soo bandhigaa in ka tarjumaya taariikhda magaalada iyo Fleet bari. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira laba dioramas, taas oo aad si sax ah u muujiyo labada dhacdooyinka military ugu muhiimsan.

dioramas

Mid ka mid ah sheegayaa guuldarro oo ka mid ah ciidamada Iswiidhan ka jooga 1705 jasiiradda of Kotlin. In xarunta waxaad ka arki kartaa saraakiishii regimental ciidanka Ruush: Gamontova iyo Mikeshina iyo Colonel Tolbukhina. Si aad xaq u leedahay waa ka qoday meel, oo waxaa la dhacayo askari oo dhiig leh. Ee asalka ah waxaa loo arkaa in calanka cas, taas oo muujinaysaa bilowgii colaadda. diorama labaad waxaa loola jeedaa dhacdooyinkii 1941, markii Kronstadt ku heroically difaacay ka soo duulay.

gaadhista

ururinta oo dhan matxafka loo qaybin karaa afar marxaladood taariikhiga ah. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah ayaa sheegay sheekada of aasaasay oo ka mid ah magaalada oo ay ka hor Revolution October jiritaanka. Qaybta labaad sheegayaa saabsan dhacdooyinka la xiriira muddada u dhaxaysa 1917 in 1939. Wakhtigan waxaa jiray mid ka mid ah goosato ah ugu waynayd taariikhda ee Russia, kaas oo ka dhacay faasaha "Power u Soofiyeedku, aan dhinac." Sidaas darteed, cadaabka uma oggolaanin oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale mucaaradka ku dhowaad dhammaan dadka deggan magaalada. About laba kun oo qof ayaa la toogtay. Lix ka badan kun oo dadka degan ayaa lagu xukumay xabsi. In 1922, dadka deggan bilaabay qasab ah looga rarin dalkoodii hooyo. In xusuusta oo dhan dhibanayaasha musiibadan abuuray xabaalo wadareedyo, taas oo had iyo jeer waa gubasho olol weligeed ah.

Visitors markaas sahamin karaan xilliga soo socda ee taariikhiga ah, oo daboolaya laga yaabaa in markii ugu xumaa ee taariikhda casriga ah ee dalkeenna - War ka Great Patriotic. Inta lagu guda jiro duqeyntii loo geystey Ciidamada Cirka Jarmal ee Luftwaffe (1941), meel magaalada ahayd la shiidaa duminayaa dhulka ku. Waxay ahaayeen tiimbadeen doonniyo badan, guryo duqeeyay, halligay Marine Yard. Hareereysan magaalada ciidamada Nazi noolaa cunto la'aan. Iyada oo Kronstadt intii lagu jiray dagaalka soo qaaday "Sida Small nolosha", taas oo lala dawaco sanka iyo Orienbaumom.

stage kale oo taariikhi ah ka tarjumaysaa nolosha casriga ah ee magaalada halyeeyga, iyo sidoo kale sheekada uu dib u soo kabashada ka dib markii dagaalka. Ka mid ah xubnihii ugu qiimaha badan ee matxafka in la ogaadaa in heleyna Decembrist xabadka iyo qoraa DI Zavalishin, goosin ka mid ah biyomareenka in la sii raagayaan ka qarnigii XIX ah, xoqad lahaayeen in Admiral M. P. Lazarevu, a album photo u gaar ah dekedda ciidamada badda ee Kronstadt.

Maanta, matxafka ayaa bandhig xiiso leh "History of hafteen." Halkan waxa aad ka heli kartaa waxyaabaha soo sara kiciyey ku hafteen in waqtiyo kala duwan ee Khaliijka.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Inta u dhaxaysa qalcado of Kronstadt booska anigaa iska-madaafiic waxaa la dhisay 1854 (mid ka mid ah oo keliya waqtiga dunida oo dhan). Saffarro xusuusannaa in ay joogaan, way cabsi maraakiibta cadowga. Qalcado 1990 lagu daray St. Petersburg World Heritage Site ah. On dhulka ee Fort Alexander I iyo Constantine ee sagaashankii aan bilaabay iidda "Fort Dance", kaas oo socday muddo 9 sano.

Sida loo helo in matxafka?

Haddii aad go'aansato in aad soo booqato matxafka "qalcaddayda Kronstadt", waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la ogaado cinwaanka: aagga barroosinka, lambarka guriga 2. Halkan St. Petersburg (the "Old Village" station metro) idiin qaadan doonaa in ay soo jiidashada tirada baska 101. From the "Black River", waxaad isticmaali kartaa tirada taxi 405, laakiin ka "Prospect Nuurin la'aantiis" adiga dovezot gaadiidka dadweynaha ka yar tirada 407. xagaaga matxafka lagu tagi karaa tareen soo socda ka soo saldhigga Baltic Railway. Waa in aad ka gala "Oranienbaum" station, ka dibna doon ama naasohoodu ah, taas oo ka qararka Makarov tago qaadan.