Macrolides: liiska daawooyinka, tilmaanta

In koox kale macrolides, liiska daroogooyinka sare, oo muujinaysa in ballaadhkiisuna wuxuu ku filan oo codsiyada daweynta. Daawooyinkan waxaa ay ammaan yihiin iyo waxaa loo isticmaalaa in cuduro badan oo ka mid ah dabeecadda faafa, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa sababa dulin intracellular iyo bakteeriyada. Waxay yihiin waxtar u leh daaweynta cudurada maqaarka, kala-goysyada, neefsashada, oo ay ku jiraan boronkiitada iyo oofwareenka darnaanta kala duwan.

In oofwareen aad u daran ayaa sidoo kale macrolides isticmaalo, liiska alaabta oo ku qeexan yihiin ee hab maamuuska daaweyn caadiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku qoran macluumaad ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in waxa lagu biiriyo kale wakiilada antimicrobial. Inta badan waxay la wada isticmaalo iyadoo cephalosporins. isku darka Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa in ay wadajir kor loogu qaado waxtarka labada maandooriyaha adiga oo aan sii kordhaya ay sumoobo.

dirka macrolides

kala soocidda ugu karti iyo ku haboon ee kooxdan oo ah daroogada waa kiimiko ah. Waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa kala duwan ee qaabka iyo asal ahaan ka mid ah group of antibiotics loo yaqaan "macrolides". Liiska daawooyinka hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey, oo waxay isku kala saaro on arrinta:

1. macrolides 14-membered:

• asal ahaan dabiiciga ah - erythromycin iyo oleandomycin;
• semi - clarithromycin iyo roxithromycin, dirithromycin iyo fluritromitsin, telithromycin.

2. azalide (15-mer) Macrolides: azithromycin.

3. macrolides 16-membered:

• asal ahaan dabiiciga ah - midecamycin, spiramycin iyo dzhosamitsin;
• semisynthetic - copolymer midecamycin.

kala soocidda Tani waxay ka tarjumaysaa kaliya muuqaalada dhismaha ee fasalka ka mid ah daroogada. Liiska magacyada ganacsiga hoos ku siin.

liiska daroogada

Macrolides - daroogada taas oo liiska waa arrin ballaaran. Guud ahaan, sida 2015 waxaa jira 12 daroogada fasalka this. Tiro ka mid ah waxyaabaha ay ku jiraan, kuwaas oo sinji, waa inta ka sareeya. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa laga heli karaa shabakada farmashiyaha, oo waxay qaadan in lagu daweeyo qaar ka mid ah cudurada. Iyo daawooyinka qaar ka mid ah laga heli karo CIS, sida aan ka diiwaan gashan Pharmacopoeia ah. Tusaale ahaan magacyada ganacsiga daawooyinka ay ku jirto macrolides, kuwa soo socda:

• Erythromycin inta badan soo saaray ee daawooyinka ee isku magaca iyo waxaa ka mid ah daroogada oo adag "Zener" iyo "Izotreksin".
• Oleandomycin - dejinta daroogada "oletetrin".
• Clarithromycin: "Klabaks" iyo "Klarikar", "Klerimed" iyo "Klatsid", "Kleron" iyo "Lekoklar", "Pilobakt" iyo "Fromilid", "Ekozitrin" iyo "Erasid", "Zimbaktar" iyo "Arvitsin" "Kispar" iyo "Klarbakt", "Klaritrosin" iyo "Klaritsin", "Klasine" iyo "coaters", "Klerimed" iyo "Romiklar", "Seydon" iyo "CP Clara."
• Roxithromycin waxaa badanaa la helaa qaab magaca ganacsiga generic, iyo sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah dawooyinka soo socda: "Ksitrotsin" iyo "Romik," "Elroks" iyo "Rulitsin", "Esparoksi".
• Azithromycin: "azivok" iyo "Azidrop", "Azimitsin" iyo "Azitral", "Azitroks" iyo "Azitrus", "Zetamaks" iyo "Z-Factor", "Zitnob" iyo "Zitrolid", "Zitratsin" iyo "Sumaklid "" Sumamed "iyo" Sumamoks "," Sumatrolid "iyo" TREMAKS-Sanovel "," Hemomitsin "iyo" ECOMED "," safocid ".
• Midecamycin heli karo sida daroogada ah "Macropen".
• Spiramycin waxaa laga heli karaa sida "Rovamycinum" iyo "spiramycin Vero".
• Dirithromycin, fluritromitsin iyo telithromycin iyo dzhosamitsin ma soo saaray CIS.

hab ay of tallaabo of macrolides

Tani group gaar ah pharmacological - macrolides - fulyo saamayn bacteriostatic on pathogene ah cudurada faafa cell nugul. Kaliya ee isugu uruuray sare bixin karaan saamayn bactericidal, inkasta oo ay tani ku tijaabiyey oo keliya in cilmiga shaybaarka. qaab kaliya ee ah tallaabo of macrolides - Iscelin this of Avv borotiinka ee gacanta bakteeriyada. Tani waxay ku xadgudbeen oo dhan geeddi socodka dhaqdhaqaaqa muhiim ah u shaqeeyo jaahilnimadii, isaga keeni karo in ay u dhintaan muddo ka dib.

farsamo Fariin of Avv borotiinka oo la xidhiidha soo biiray 50s-subunit ah ribosomes bakteeriyada. Waxay ka mas'uul ah dhisidda silsilad polypeptide inta lagu guda jiro ereygu DNA yihiin. Sayidka dhibtay Avv borotiinka dhismaha iyo waxyaabaha qatarta in bakteeriyada. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa koobnaanta sare ribosome ah bakteeriyada sababa ammaanka qaraabo ee macrolides waayo, jidhka bini'aadamka.

Isbarbardhigga of macrolides iyo fasalo kale ee antibiotics

Macrolides la mid ah guryaha in ay tetracycline'nada ah, laakiin ammaan yihiin. Iyagu ma ay ku xad horumarinta lafaha ilmaha. Sida fluoroquinolones, tetracycline'nada, macrolides (liiska daroogooyinka sare lagaa siin) oo awood u galaan cell iyo soo saaraan uruureen daweynta saddex dhigan karo ee jirka. Tani waa muhiim in daaweynta pneumonia mycoplasma, legionellosis, campylobacteriosis iyo cudurka chlamydial'ka. Xaaladdan oo kale, macrolides - fluoroquinolones ammaan laakiin wax ku ool ah ka yar.

All macrolides badan yihiin sun badan benisiliinta ah, laakiin ugu badbaado badan marka la eego suurtagalnimada of xasaasiyad soo koraya. Xaaladdan oo kale, antibiotics penicillin waa kooxda heysata horyaalka badbaadada, laakiin badan tahay in ay keeni xasaasiyad. Sayidka, isagoo spectrum la mid ah hawlaha antimicrobial, macrolides bedeli laga yaabaa aminopenicillins in cudurada of nidaamka neef-mareenka. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxbarashada shaybaarka ayaa muujiyay in macrolides yareeyo waxtarka penicillin in gelitaanka si wadajir ah, inkastoo maamuuska daaweyn hadda uu oggolaado in isku darka.

Macrolides ee uurka iyo daryeelka dhallaanka

Macrolides yihiin daawooyinka ammaan on par leh cephalosporins iyo benisiliinta. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa isticmaalka inta ay uurka leedahay iyo in lagu daweeyo carruurta. Iyagu ma dhibin geeddi-socodka horumarka ee lafaha iyo qalfoofka carjawda, leeyihiin guryaha teratogenic. Kaliya azithromycin waa in la koobnayn in codsiga in Saddex biloodlaha saddexaad ee uurka. In daaweynta carruurta iyo benisiliinta iyo cephalosporins, iyo macrolides, ku qoran hab maamuuska daaweyn caadiga ah ee cudurrada, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa iyada oo aan halista ah ee guul sun ah u shaqeeyo.

Tilmaanta macrolides qaar ka mid ah

Macrolides (liiska daawooyinka aan kor ku soo xigtay) in bukaan eegida waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa, oo ay ku jiraan in CIS. Inta badan la isticmaalo 4 ka mid ah wakiil: clarithromycin iyo azithromycin, erythromycin iyo midecamycin. spiramycin badan ka yar la isticmaalay. Karti macrolides wuxuu ku saabsan yahay la mid ah, inkasta oo waxaa lagu gaarayaa in siyaabo kala duwan. Gaar ahaan, clarithromycin, midecamycin, iyo si loo gaaro saamaynta caafimaad waa in la qaataa laba jeer maalintii, halka azithromycin shaqeeyaa 24 saacadood. Kaliya hal maamul maalin kasta ah oo lagu daweeyo cudurada faafa.

Erythromycin - taasi waa gaaban oo dhan macrolides. Waa in la qaadi 4-6 jeer maalintii. Sababta oo ah waxa inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida nooc ka mid ah maxaliga ah ee daaweynta ee finan iyo infekshanka maqaarka. Waxaa xusid mudan in macrolides yihiin amaan ee carruurta, laakiin waxay keeni karaan shuban.