LTE Network - waa maxay? Mode, qaabka iyo hawlgalka network LTE ah

network LTE ayaa dhawaan la ansixiyay 3GPP ah. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo sida interface shabakad hawada ah ka heli kartaa oo xuduudaheedu hawlgalka loo arag marka la eego heerka ugu badnaan at kaas oo xogta loo kala qaado, qarsoon ee xirmooyin wareejinta, iyo sidoo kale ku-oolnimada spectral. Qorayaashu waxay sheegayaan in furitaanka of network LTE ogolaanaya isticmaalka spectrum raadiyaha, technology multiantennuyu, qabsashada channel waa habab jadwalka-bedbedel badan leh, dib-u-urur ee Relay xogta iyo gacanta xoogga.

prehistory

broadband Mobile, taas oo ku salaysan yahay baakadda technology gudbinta xogta ee xawaaraha sare ee caadiga ah HSPA ah, ayaa noqdaan si weyn loo aqbalo by isticmaala shabakadaha gacanta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in aan sii wado si ay u sameeyaan horumar ah ee adeegyada ay, tusaale ahaan, la isticmaalayo kororka xogta xawaaraha turjumaad, yareeyo qarsoon iyo kordhiyo awoodda network guud iyo sidoo kale shuruudaha user adeegyada isgaarsiinta sida si joogto ah goor wanaagsan. Iyada oo taas aawadeed, oo waxaa soo saaray faahfaahinta radiointrfeysov HSPA Evolution iyo LTE 3GPP dallad.

The kala duwan ugu weyn ee ka qoraalkii hore

LTE network caadiga ah ka duwan sifooyinka hore horumariyo nidaamka 3G hagaagtay, oo ay ku jiraan xawaaraha ugu badan ee suuqa kala iibsiga ee macluumaad - in ka badan 300 megabits per labaad dib u dhac kala iibsiga baakadda aan ka badnayn 10 rabtay iyo hufnaan spectral ahaa inta ka sareeya. dhismaha shabakadaha LTE la fulin karo ee guutooyinkiisa oo cusub inta jeer, iyo sidoo kale in ka shaqeeya jira.

Idaacadda Tani waa taagan yahay sida xal, kaas oo ka shaqeeya si tartiib tartiib ah uga soo heerarka nidaamka ka jira xilligan dhaqaaqi doontaa, waa 3GPP iyo 3GPP2. horumarinta A of interface this - taasi waa arrin tallaabo muhim ah u formation of shabakadaha Heerka IMT-Advanced 4G, in uu yahay jiil cusub. Dhab ahaantii, in faahfaahinta LTE ay horey u ka kooban yahay inta badan muuqaalada in markii hore loogu tala galay nidaamka 4G.

Mabda'a abaabulka of interface raadiyaha

isgaarsiinta Radio leeyahay feature ku caan oo ka kooban in xaqiiqda ah in tayada radio channel ma aha joogto ah waqti iyo meel iyo inta jeer ku tiirsan. Halkan waxaa lagu sheegay in ku soo koobin isgaarsiinta ayaa la beddelo xad si degdeg ah ay sabab u tahay faafinta multipath. Si loo dhowro heerka joogta ah dhaafsiga macluumaadka ku saabsan channel radio a, sida caadiga ah isticmaalaan dhowr siyaabood si loo yareeyo isbedel sida, kuwaas oo - farsamooyinka kala duwan ee kala duwan gudbiyo. Isla mar ahaantaana in habka gudbinta xirmooyin dadka isticmaala macluumaad aan had iyo jeer isku aragto kartaa isbedbedelka muddada gaaban ee heerka xoogaa ah. LTE hab network qabanayaa sida mabda 'guud oo aan hoos u helaan radio, iyo isticmaalka isbedel deg deg ah oo tayo leh radio channel si loo kordhiyo isticmaalka hufan ee khayraadka radio laga heli karaa barta mar kasta. Tan waxaa la hirgeliyey inta jeer oo markii ugu domains by OFDM helaan radio technology.

qalabka network LTE

Waa maxay nooca nidaamka kaliya loo fahmi karaa in la fahmo sida ay u habaysan tahay. Waxay ku salaysan tahay technology OFDM caadiga ah, taas oo ka dhigan kala iibsiga ee xogta guud ahaan subcarriers badan narrowband. Isticmaalka dambe ee lala horgalaha xilliile kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u sameeyaan xiriir ku salaysan OFDM u adkaysta firidhsan temporal ee ku soo koobin radio channel, oo kuu ogolaanaya shiidaa baabi'iyo baahida loo qabo barbareysay adag ee kooxda qadanayo. xaaladda Tani waa arrin aad muhiim u ah ururka ee channel degaya ah, sida ay dhacdo in this ay macquul tahay in loo fududeeyo howsha aqbalana signal oo ku saabsan inta jeer ee ugu weyn, isla markaana hoos kharashka qalabka terminal, iyo xoogga baabbi'iyey by. Oo uu noqdo gaar ahaan muhiim ah marka la isticmaalayo network 4G LTE la isugu gudbiyo ee qaabka of threads badan.

channel Uplink, kuna waari dhexdeeda xoogga radiated waa ku ool ah ka hooseeya ee downlink u baahan yahay ka mid noqoshada khasab ah in habka gudbinta ah tamarta-hufan macluumaadka hawlgal caymiska ugu badnaan, yaraynta isticmaalka awoodda qalab aqbaliddoodii, iyo sidoo kale ay kharashka. Baadhitaanka keentay in xaqiiqda ah in hadda channel uplink ku LTE isticmaala macluumaad ah technology inta jeer hal baahin qaab OFDM la kala firidhsan oo ka mid ah sharciyada la xiriira oo ka mid ah Discrete Fourier beddesho. xal noocan oo kale ah u oggolaanaysa in ratio yar ee heerka awoodda celcelis ahaan iyo ugu badnaan marka la barbardhigo isbedbeddelka dhaqanka, oo sii hagaajin karo tayada iyo fududeeyo dhismaha oo ka mid ah aaladaha terminal.

khayraadka aasaasiga ah loo isticmaalo gudbinta macluumaad iyadoo la raacayo technology ODFM la soo bandhigay kartaa foomka of network waqti inta jeer, taas oo u dhiganta set oo ah calaamadaha OFDM iyo subcarriers in waqtiga iyo inta jeer ee domains. LTE hab network muuqataa in sida element laba block khayraadka xogta aasaasiga ah halkan loo isticmaalo, taas oo u dhigma band inta jeer ee 180 Khz iyo bareeg waqti ka mid ah millisecond ah. Tiro balaadhan oo ah xawaare for gudbinta xogta ee lagu xaqiijin karaa by isku khayraadka noqnoqoshada, goob dhimaya isgaarsiinta oo ay ku jiraan heerka code oo si isbedbeddelka doorashada.

astaamaha farsamo

Haddii aan ka fiirsan network LTE ah, waxa ay tahay, waxa uu noqon doonaa cad ka dib sharaxaad qaar ka mid ah. Si loo gaaro bartilmaameedyada sare ayaa lagu wadaa for interface hawada ee network ah, horumarinta ay abaabulay tiro ka mid ah dhibcood halkii muhiim ah iyo muuqaalada. Next lagu tilmaami doonaa, mid kasta oo taas oo ay tilmaan faahfaahsan of raadka ay ku leeyihiin arrimaha muhiimka ah sida awooda goobta caymiska shabakadda, markii dib u dhac iyo xawaaraha gudbinta xogta.

Dabacsanaan isticmaalka spectrum raadiyaha

Sharci, taas oo ka hawlgalaan gobolka juqraafi gaar ah, saamayn jidka isgaarsiinta mobile loo soo abaabulay doonaa. In uu yahay, waxay soo qoray spectrum radio qoondeeyey inta jeer ee kala duwan ee u dhaxeysa guutooyin unpaired ama aadeen of widths kala duwan. Dabacsanaan - taasi waa mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka ugu weyn ee LTE spectrum radio, kaas oo u ogolaanaya isticmaalkeeda xaalado kala duwan. LTE naqshadaha network ogolaanaya ma aha oo kaliya in ay ka hawlgalaan safafka inta jeer oo kala duwan, laakiin guutooyin inta jeer ispolzovat isagoo widths kala duwan ka 1.25 ilaa 20 MHz. Intaa waxaa dheer, nidaamka noocan oo kale ah qaban karin hawlgalka ee guutooyinkiisa oo inta jeer aaday iyo unpaired, dayactirka waqtiga iyo inta jeer dabaq siday u kala horreeyaan.

Haddii aan ka hadlo oo ku saabsan qalabka terminal, marka ispolzovanenii aaday unit guutooyin inta jeer shaqeyn karaan hab buuxa dabaq ama bar-dabaq. mode labaad, kaas oo lagu sameeyaa by gudbinta terminal iyo soo dhaweynta xogta waqtiyo kala duwan iyo mawjadaha kala duwan waa soo jiidasho leh sababta oo ah si xooga yaraynaysaa shuruudaha in sifooyinka muujiyey filter dabaq. Sababo la this waxaa suurtagal ah in la yareeyo kharashka qalabka terminal. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira fursad hordhaca ah ee guutooyinkii inta jeer ee wajihi doonta kala dheereynta a dabaq yar. Waxaa soo baxday in LTE network isgaadhsiinta mobile ah loo diyaarin karaa in ku dhow qaybinta mid ka mid ah qaybaha kala soo noqnoqoshada.

Dhibaatada kaliya ee horumarinta technology radio, kaas oo bixiya radispektra codsiga dabacsan - in la sameeyo qalab isgaarsiin ah socon kara. Iyadoo Ujeedada this ee technology LTE dhaqan-dhismeedka jir isku kiiska ee guutooyinkiisa oo inta jeer ee widths kala duwan iyo hababka kala duwan dabaq.

Multi-antenna xogta warbaahinta

Isticmaalka warbaahinta multi-antenna in nidaamka isgaarsiinta mobile loo hagaajin karo waxqabadkooda, iyo kor loogu qaado awooddooda marka la eego daryeelka macaamiisha. Daahan network LTE ku lug leedahay isticmaalka laba hab gudbinta multi-antenna: kala duwanaanshaha iyo multi-dhafnaa, sida kiis gaar ah oo u taagan soo baxay formation of dogob antenna cidhiidhi ah. macluumaad Diversity yaabaa in loo tixgeliyo sida hab of ek'eysiiyo heerka signal oo ka yimid labo anteenooyinkooda, oo iska ilaalisaa in lumo ee calaamadaha heer qoto-in la helo by antenna kasta si gaar ah.

Waxaad ka arki kartaa shabakadda LTE more: waa waxa iyo sida ay u isticmaalaa dhammaan hababka kuwanu? Habka gudbinta kala duwan halkan ku salaysan yahay habaynteeda inta jeer ee aan ollogga ah ee blocks xogta, taas oo kaabaya by kala duwanaanshaha waqti ay ku wareejin inta jeer ee codsiga of afar anteenooyinkooda isku mar ah. Gudbiyaan kala duwanaanshaha waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalo kanaallo downlink la wadaago, halkaas oo waa wax aan macquul aheyn si aad u codsato shaqo jadwalka ay ku xiran tahay xaaladda ka mid ah channel isgaarsiinta. Sayidka gudbinta Diversity loo isticmaali karaa wareejinta xogta user, tus, gaadiidka lagu ladhay. Maaddaama ay xoogga yar ee gaadiidka tani ma cudurdaar u noqon kara dusha dheeraadka ah ee la xidhiidha shaqada jadwalka hore u soo sheegnay. Sababo la xiriira kala duwanaanta kala iibsiga xogta waxaa suurtagal ah in ay kor u gacan unugyada iyo awoodda waxqabad ee shabakadda.

gudbinta Multithreaded kala iibsiga isway-tiro ka mid ah macluumaadka la barwaaqaysan on mid radio channel waa in ay isticmaalaan badan helaan iyo gudbiyaan anteenooyinkooda ku jira qalab ku terminal iyo network saldhiga salka, siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay si weyn u kordhiyaa heerka xogta ugu badan ee warbaahinta ee. Tusaale ahaan, haddii qalabka terminal ku qalabeysan yahay afar anteenooyinkooda iyo tiro ka mid ah laga heli karaa saldhiga ah, waa dhabta ah waa gudbinta isku mar on mid radio channel afar durdurrada xogta, jidaynayey si dhab ah u sameeyo afar jeer bandwidth dheeraad ah.

Haddii aad isticmaasho shabakad wato yar ama unugyo yaryar, si ay multi-Streaming mahad suurtogal noqon in la gaaro xawaaraha sare oo ku filan, waayo, idaacadaha, iyo sidoo kale isticmaalka hufan ee khayraadka radio. Haddii ay jiraan unugyada waaweyn iyo shahaado sare ee adag ee Xamuulka, tayada channel uusan u ogolaan in ay ka faa'ideysan in hab multipotoka. Xaaladdan oo kale, tayada signal la hagaajin karaa haddii la isticmaalo anteenooyinkooda gudbiyo badan si ay u sameeyaan dogob cidhiidhi waayo gudbinta xogta in il keli ah.

Haddii aan ka fiirsan network LTE - waxaa iyada siinaayaan si loo gaaro oolnimada weyn - ka dibna u qalantaa in lagu gabagabeeyo in shaqo tayo xaaladaha kala duwan ee hawlgalka, technology tani waxaa la fuliyo gudbinta multi-il-qabsiga, kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya in aad si joogto ah ula qabsadaan tirada durdurrada kala qaado isku mar, iyadoo la raacayo abid-beddelo link gobolka. Iyada oo ah gobolka channel wanaagsan loo samayn karaa isku gudbiyaan ilaa afar xogta durdurrada in gaari karo heerka gudbinta ilaa 300 megabits per labaad ee bandwidth inta jeer ee 20 megahertz ah.

Haddii gobolka channel ee ma aha sidaas wanaagsan, gudbinta la sameeyo durdurraa ka yar. Xaaladdan oo kale, antenna waxaa loo isticmaali karaa si ay u sameeyaan qaab ku jirase aad cidhiidhi ah, la kordhiyo tayada dhaweynta guud, kaas oo ugu dambeyntii keenta in la kordhiyo awoodda nidaamka iyo ballaarinta meelaha adeega. Si loo xaqiijiyo in meel caymiska ballaaran ama wareejin xog xawaare sare, waxaa suurto gal ah in ay u gudbiyaan hal il xogta la jirase aad cidhiidhi ah, ama in la isticmaalo kanaallo caadi xogta warbaahinta u dhaxeyso.

farsamo ee la qabsashada iyo jadwalka of channel isgaarsiinta a

Mabda'a hawlgalka shabakadaha LTE soo jeedisay in jadwalka a ka dhignaan doontaa qaybinta khayraadka network ka mid ah dadka isticmaala xogta. Halkan bixisaa jadwalka firfircoon ee channels downlink iyo uplink ah. network LTE ee Russia dhigay ilaa waqti xaadirkaan si ay u dheelli ku channels ee isgaarsiinta iyo waxqabadka guud ee nidaamka oo dhan.

LTE interface radio ku lug leedahay fulinta hawlaha jadwalka, ku xiran tahay xaaladda channel isgaadhsiinta. Iyada oo u ogolaanaya kala iibsiga xogta xawaare sare, oo waxaa lagu gaarayaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo isbedbeddelka si sare, gudbinta macluumaad dheeraad ah durdurro leh, yaraynta heerka uu koodh channel, iyo sidoo kale dhimista tirada sii daayaa celiyaan. Si taas loo sameeyo this ku lug leedahay soo noqnoqoshada iyo khayraadka waqtiga waxaa lagu gartaa shuruudaha yara wanaagsan isgaarsiinta. Waxaa soo baxday in wareejinta lacagta wax siiyey xogta waxaa loo sameeyaa in muddo gaaban of time.

network LTE ee Russia, sida dalalka kale, waxaa loo dhisay si ay adeegyada gaadiidka, kaas oo ay dagan yihiin gudbinta xirmooyin la payloads yar ka dib markii dura waqti isku mid ah, waxay sababi kartaa baahi ah in la kordhiyo mugga digayaan gaadiidka in looga baahan yahay jadwalka firfircoon. Waxay xitaa ka badan waxaa laga yaabaa in xaddiga macluumaadka lagu kala qaado by user ah. Taasi waa sababta uu jiro wax sida jadwalka a ma guurto ah ee network LTE sida. Taasi waa, waxa uu noqonayaa mid cad, haddii aynu nidhaahno in user ay doorteen khayraadka a noqnoqoshada radio for gudbinta tiro gaarka ah ee-loox sub.

Sababo la xiriira farsamo ee la qabsashada waxaa suurtagal ah in "tuuji wax walba oo suuragal" ka channel la waxqabadka firfircoon. Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad in ay doortaan channel a sireed nidaamka iyo isbedbeddelka iyadoo la raacayo shuruudaha lagu gartaa network isgaarsiinta LTE. In ay noqon doonto la fahmi karo haddii ay u sheegaan in uu shaqada saameeyaa heerka of baahinta xogta, iyo sidoo kale suurtagalnimada of channel qalad kasta.

Awoodda in ay uplink iyo sharciyeynta

arrin ku saabsan maamulka heerka awoodda radiated by boosteejada ah, si loo kordhiyo awoodda network, kor loo qaado tayada isgaadhsiinta, si ay meesha caymiska dheeraad ah sameeyaan si loo yareeyo isticmaalka tamarta. Si loo gaaro ujeeddooyinka kuwan, farsamooyinka gacanta awood u muuqdaan in loo kordhiyo heerka signal talooyin ah oo waxtar leh, halka yaraynta faragelinta.

network LTE "Beeline" iyo statements kale soo jeedinaya in calaamadaha ee uplink waa orthogonal, in uu yahay inta u dhaxaysa dadka isticmaala in gacanta la mid ah waa in ay ahaataa Qofna lama faragelin karo is, ugu yaraan, waxay khuseysaa shuruudaha horyaal ee isgaarsiinta. Heerka buuqa abuuray by isticmaala in unugyada ku xiga, waxay ku xiran tahay meesha terminal ka saaro, waa sida ay u attenuates signalka on jidka loo maro gacanta. network LTE "Megaphone" waxaa loo qabanqaabiyaa si la mid ah. Waa sax in la yidhaahdo noqon doonaa, oo ku dhow terminal waa in gacanta deriska ah, sare heerka qaylada, oo uu abuuraa waxa ku jira. Boosteejada, kuwaas oo meel fog ka badan ka cell dariska gudbin karaan calaamadaha xoog weyn marka la barbardhigo boosteejada ku yaal waxaa la kaydsho meelo isu dhaw.

Sababo la orthogonality ee signallo in uplink la multiplexed laga yaabaa in calaamadaha ka boosteejada awoodda kala duwan ee channel ka mid ah in unugyada la mid ah. Taas macnaheedu waxa weeye in ay jirto uma baahna in ay mag-Cadha signal ka kici ay sabab u tahay faafinta multipath ee hirarka raadiyaha, oo iyana waa la isticmaali karaa si loo kordhiyo heerka xogta warbaahinta la isticmaalayo habab la qabsashada iyo jadwalka for khadaka warisgaarsiinta.

xogta ay sidayaan

Ku dhawaad nidaamka isgaarsiinta kasta, iyo network LTE ee Ukraine waa laga reebo lahayn, waqti ka waqti qaladaad samayso in geeddi-socodka ah ee wareejinta xogta, tusaale ahaan, ay sabab u tahay calaamad u engegay, faragelin ama qaylada. ilaalinta Error bixiya hababka retransmission ee qaybo ka lumay ama la kharribtay macluumaadka in ay ilaalinta si loo hubiyo in isgaarsiinta tayo sare leh. khayraadka radio waxaa loo isticmaalaa ka badan sida qumman haddii maamuuska retransmission xogta u habaysan si hufan. Si aad u isticmaasho buuxda xawaaraha sare interface hawada, technology LTE uu leeyahay nidaamka Relay dynamically wax ku ool ah laba heer-data in fulisaa ARQ Hybrid. Waxaa lagu gartaa dusha yar looga baahan yahay jawaab-celin iyo xog retransmission ah, kaabaya hab maamuuska ku celiyaan xushay ee isku halaynta sare.

HARQ maamuuska waxaa la siiyaa helo qalab warbixin siyaado ah, kuwaasoo siinaya fursad ay ku saxaan wax qalad gaar ah. Retransmission HARQ maamuuska keenaysaa in formation of macluumaadka shaqo dheeraad ah, kuwaas oo loo baahan karaa in kiiska halkaas oo baadida retransmission ku filan ma ahaa. Retransmission baakidhka in aan ku aflaxin saxo HARQ maamuuska waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo hab maamuuska ARQ ah. network LTE shaqada iPhone si waafaqsan mabaadii'da ku xusan.

xal Tani waxay suuro gelineysaa in la damaanad qaado ka xirmooyin ugu yaraan warbaahinta u dhac la socdka hooseeyo, iyo isku halaynta xidhiidhka la damaanad qaaday. HARQ maamuuska ogolaanaya in la ogaado oo la saxo inta badan qaladaad taas oo horseedaysa in la isticmaalo halkii dhif of Protocol-ARQ,, tan iyo markii ay la xidhiidhaa dusha badan, iyo sidoo kale in la kordhiyo qarsoon ee xirmooyin warbaahinta.

saldhiga The waa Guntin dhamaadka, oo labaduba ka mid ah hab-maamuus, kuwaas oo ay taageertaa, bixinta xiriir dhow ee heerarka labadan hab maamuuska. Ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka kala duwan ee naqshadaha this la odhan karaa xawaare sare si loo baabi'iyo khaladaadka ku hadhay ka dib markii HARQ shaqeeya, iyo lacagta sixitaanka macluumaadka kala qaado adigoo isticmaalaya hab maamuuska ARQ ah.

LTE interface radio waxay leedahay waxqabadka sare, mahad qaybaha ugu muhiimsan. Dabacsanaan ogolaanaya isticmaalka interface radio hawada firfircoon on kasta oo khayraadka inta jeer ee la heli karo. technology LTE siisaa tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka in la hubiyo codsiga wax ku ool ah oo ka mid ah deegaanka si degdeg ah beddelo isgaarsiinta. Iyadoo ku xiran xaaladda channel, function jadwalka a siinayaa dadka isticmaala khayraadka ugu fiican. Codsiga of technology multi-antenna yaraynaysaa signal engegay iyo farsamo la qabsashada channel ka isticmaali kartaa hababka koodh iyo isbedbeddelka, damaanadna xaalado gaar ah oo tayo leh isgaarsiinta fiicnayn.