Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: Biography, dacwadaha sayniska, guulaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Yuu yahay Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich badan la og yahay, taas oo uu ku noolaa iyo taas oo aysan awoodin in ay gaaraan? In dunida cilmiyeed leeyihiin si degdeg ah u sheegay in uu yahay lahayd - xisaab aad u fiican iyo injineer, kuwaas oo Nagi nolosha oo dhan, laakiin sidoo kale abuuray shaqo badan oo ku lug leh baridda iyo hawlaha bulshada, iyo waxa ay ku faani xaqiiqada ah in ku nool Russia.

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev: Biography

In 1900, Kazan waxa uu ku dhashay xisaab dunida-caan Mikhail Lavrentiev. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa macallinka xisaabta ee dugsiga farsamada ah. Markaas Alexei Lavrentiev noqday Professor of farsamo at University Kazan, ka dibna at State Moscow Jaamacadda.

waxbarashada dugsiga waa Michael dhallinyarada ahaa ee dugsiga Kazan ah, waxa uu galay Jaamacadda State ee 1918, oo laba sano ka dib lagu wareejiyay Moscow - awood physico-xisaabeed ah, taas oo uu ka qalin jabiyay ee 1922. Ka dib dhammaadka go'aansatay in ay sii wataan waxbarashadooda dugsiga ka qalin iyo joogay muddo saddex sano ah. Waxbarashada dhameystirtay sha iyo hesho heerka uu Musharax ee Jirka iyo Xisaabeed Sciences. Ka dib markii in, lix bilood oo safar ganacsi ee France ah, iyo si ay u horumariyaan aqoon, waayo-aragnimo kala beddelashada asxaabta shisheeye (Denjoy, Hadamard, Montel iyo kuwo kale).

Laga soo bilaabo 1948 in 1951, markii hore Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich soo laabtay Moscow ka Kiev, Wuxuu noqday madaxa Waaxda Physics iyo Technology Kulliyadda State Moscow Jaamacadda. Later waxaan ogaanay in waaxda this ayaa koray si machadka madax bannaan, taasoo wax badan oo dadaal iyo xitaa cilmiga furay waxaa ku takhasusay baadhitaanka qaraxyo.

xisaabyahan kaalin weyn Lavrentyev sameeyey horumarinta kombiyuutarada electronic. In 1948, ee Institute of farsamo qiray in Computer Engineering in muddo gaaban lagu abuuray baarka computer marka hore iyada oo ay kormeerayaan Lavrentiev.

Sidoo kale waa in aan soo magacawnay waxqabadka sayniska ee Academician in Novosibirsk, halkaas oo, mahad isagii, oo wuxuu hoos fadhiyey hoggaanka Abuuray Siberian Branch ah Academy of Sciences, oo uu u horseeday mudo 20 sano ah, laga soo bilaabo 1957, iyo 1975. Wax yar ka dib, dugsiga ee xisaabta iyo farsamo la helay, taas oo lagu casuumay in ay ka shaqeeyaan ee saynisyahano u fiican, oo iyaga ku dhex SK Godunov, I. N. Vekua, M. M. Lavrentev, S. T. Vaskov iyo kuwa kale.

1980 Waxa uu ku dhintay, oo waxaa lagu aasay Novosibirsk ee Xabaalaha Koonfurta.

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: Qoyska

Mikhail Lavrentyev ku noolaa 79 sano, in 1928 wuxuu guursaday Vera Danchakovoy Evgenievna, kuwaas oo ahaa nin cilmiga nafleyda barta a, oo iyana dhammaantood waxay ku noolaa mudo sanado badan, ilaa 1980 waa la ag maray xisaab iyo cilmiga. In qoyska wuxuu lahaa laba caruur, ina Michael, oo noqday xisaabyahan ah iyo gabadh Faith, oo ku saabsan taas oo ku dhawaad waxba loo yaqaan.

baridda

At da'da si caddaalad ah dhallinyaro ah, saynisyahan mustaqbalka Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich uu mustaqbalkiisa sida macallin bilaabay. Iyadoo waxbarashada Jaamacadda, ayuu wax ku baray Dugsiga Farsamada ee Moscow ka.

In 1927, marka Michael yimid dib ugu soo laabtay safar, wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax ku barayay at Moscow State University, cashar ku saabsan aragtida ah hayaa conformal.

Tan iyo 1929, wuxuu noqday guddoomiyaha ee Institute of Technology Chemical, iyo in 1931 uu noqday professor a at Moscow State University, aan difaacay la sha ah. Isaga oo shahaado la soo saaray iyadoo ay ku saleysan shaqada sayniska, iyo wax yar ka dib uu la gudoonsiiyey shahaado ee Doctor of Technical Sciences, oo dabadeed dhakhtarka ee cilmiga jirka iyo xisaabta. In 1933 wuxuu madax ka ah waaxda State Moscow Jaamacadda noqday, waxaa ka shaqeeyay ilaa 1938.

Thanks isaga si, aasaasay Physico-Technical Institute, kuwaas oo hore u ahaa macalimiinta ka mid ah Gobolka Moscow Jaamacadda. Machadka Tababar khubarada aqoon sare le ee xarumaha sayniska iyo farsamada, taas oo si degdeg ah horumarinta. Mabda'a hawlgalka of machadkan lagu wareejiyay shaqada of State Novosibirsk Jaamacadda, halkaas oo ay hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee ahaa in la abuuro a iman kara aadanaha xoog leh, kaas oo lagu tababari doonaa xirfadlayaasha mustaqbalka.

Academy of Sciences ee USSR

In 1939 Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev at martiqaad ee Agaasimaha Bogomoltseva ku dhaqaaqay Kiev oo loo magacaabay Agaasimaha guud ee Institute of Mathematics, waxbaridda isku midka ah ee Physics iyo Xisaabta Kuliyada University Gobolka. Shaqadiisii waa la kala gooyey intii lagu jiray dagaalka, markii uu daad gureeyay in ay Ufa, halkaas oo uu sii waday hawlaha uu.

In 1945, uu si Kiev soo noqdeen oo ay shaqada sii socdo ilaa iyo 1948, ilaa mar kale u dhaqaaqay Moscow.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii Great Patriotic

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich ahaa xaggiisa dambe, oo aan la diriray on hore, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay caawiyaan shaqada sayniska inay ku guuleystaan dagaalka, isku dayayaan in ay abuuraan hub cusub. Shaqadiisa sida xisaabta iyo farsamo ayaa la xidhiidha ganacsiga military-injineernimada ah, inta badan arrimaha difaaca la xiriira.

Bang aragti

Lavrenteva adeegga Great intii lagu jiray dagaalka ee 1940 waxay ahayd in la horumariyo bam ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 1.5 kg la qarax weyn. Sidaas diyaaradaha weerarka qaadi karto si ay 600 kg bambooyin iyo bambooyin dhowr ah si ay u gubaan dhex taangiyada in laguu ogolaado in aad si dhakhso ah cadowga baabbi'in iyo go'aamiyey tub ee-Orel Kursk ah.

Nuxurka aragtida qaraxa uu ahaa in ay lagama maarmaan si ay ugu qiil aragti ahaan xoojinta saamaynta lacag maxalliga ah caqabad kasta oo ay ahayd, haddii qabashada jiray waxa ku jira. Lavrentiev maamula si ay u sharxaan ugub ah, oo wuxuu diyaariyey fasiraadda hydrodynamic.

shuqullada Major

Dad badan oo waqti iyo dareenka sooco dhibaatooyinka qaraxyo Lavrentiev. Xitaa qarnigii 19aad, saamaynta wadareed oo la furay (piercer ee qalab gaar ah, isku dhaceen caqabad ku, qeexayaa jet xawaaraha sare ee gaasas lagu gano ah oo ka gubtay caqabad ku ah). Scholar ka qoto dheer baaritaan saamayn this iyo ogaaday in waxa ugu muhiimsan - waa si qoto dheer wax lays geliyey bartilmaameedka, qaraxa waxa ay noqon doonaa awood dheeraad ah in natiijada baadhitaanka. Sidoo kale wax badan oo dareenka ayaa la siiyo aragtida ah ee hirarka dheer, isla'egyada nooca isku qasan, iyo qaar kale oo badan oo duurka ku ah xisaabta, fisigiska iyo farsamo.

Waayo, saynisyahan ah, in ay muhiim ma ahan oo keliya in ay gudbin lahaayeen aqoontooda si ay jiilalka mustaqbalka, laakiin sidoo kale si loo asaaso iyaga oo ku jecel yihiin in ay sameeyaan ikhtiraac iyaga u gaar ah, wakhti badan ku qaatay ardayda iyo dhallinyarada Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich. Shuqullada ugu muhiimsan in la siiyay, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay si gooni gooni ah ku qor:

• In 1962, uu la sii daayay in wareegga "Habka variational in dhibaatooyinka qiimaha soohdinta."
• In 1965 yimid daabaco hababka aragti shaqo adag.
• In 1980 wuxuu daabacay a collection of articles on sayniska iyo horumarka farsamada.
• Shaqee Keldysh, "On mooshinka ee dusha ah ee dareeraha ah ee culus."

Awards iyo koob

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich naftiisa helay abaalmarino badan, oo ay ku jiraan hawlaha ay cilmi-baarista iyo guulaha ee xisaabta iyo physics. In 1944 saynisyahan helay Order of War ka Patriotic, 2 degree, sida sameeyey badan si ay u fududeeyaan qabsashadii of territory cadowga.

In 1946, kii ayaa loo Prize Stalin ee loogu talagalay horumarinta hab lagu xalliyo dhibaatooyinka Fansaarada, sannadkii 1949, ayuu mar kale siiyay abaalmarinta this, laakiin waxbarasho iyo cilmi-baarista ee hydrodynamics.

Waxa uu ka dhigay muwaadin sharafeedka Novosibirsk Akademgorodok tan iyo markii la aasaasay, iyo kasbatay abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee France. Shan goor Mikhail Alekseevich abaal Order of Lenin iyo afar Red Banner of Labor, mar abaal Prize Lenin iyo billadaha. University guulihii uu xisaabta iyo farsamo, taas oo ah abaalmarinta ugu sareysa ee Academy Ruush ee Sciences oo la siiyo sanad walba tan iyo 1959.

hawlaha dibada iyo saameynta uu ku leeyahay waxbarashada dugsiyada sare

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev had iyo jeer isku dayday inay la shaqeeyaan khubarada kale oo ajnabi ah, ballaarinta iyo xoojinta xiriirka caalamiga ah. Ma aha mar ayaa abaabulay siminaaro, wuxuu ahaa wakiilka wafdiga USSR ee shirarka iyo shirar kala duwan. Laakiin sumcaddii dunida caalamka sayniska by xaqiiqada ah in uu hogaaminayo oo siddeed sannadood by International Midowga Xisaabeed ah.

Thanks to shaqadooda, darajo tacliimeed iyo mudnaanta Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich yaabaa qayb-qaato horumarinta waxbarashada sare, iyo in dugsiyo badan, oo ay ku jiraan in Novosibirsk, waxay bilaabeen inay qabtaan tartamada iyo dugsiyada xagaaga la abuuray, waayo, xisaabyahannada iyo barnaamijyo mustaqbalka. School ee Takhasuska First of Physics iyo Xisaabta waxaa la aasaasay at NSU.

xusuusta

Xisaabyahan Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev ayaa helay abaalmarino kala duwan ee qiimaha sare, marka lagu daro, in uu sharaf ayaa jidadka ee Dolgoprudny magacaabay Kazan, buugga tilmaan iyo Institute of Hydrodynamics, dugsiga at University State ee Novosibirsk. Sidoo kale markabka cilmi iyo buuraha ka mid ah Pamir iyo Altai ah.

In xasuusta of academician ahaa huurada a xusuus on dhismaha machadka, iyo sidoo kale halkaas tiir xusuus ah in Akademgorodok in Novosibirsk. Waxa la abuuray by sculptor Paramonov, sameeyey naxaas ah oo dhigay 1988, inkastoo maamulka magaalada oo loo arko fursad u xulay ka baxsan sharciga iyo diiday in aan saxiixo ansixintan ah in la dhiso. Laakiin mashearulxaraam weli soo saaray oo lagu rakibay, iyo maamulka magaaladuna wuxuu lahaa in ay ku riday ilaa la.

Gebogebadii

Mikhail Lavrentiev ahaa caan ah saynisyahan-xisaabyahan ah, kuwaas oo muujisay jacaylka ay u cilmiga saxda ah laga bilaabo da'da hore, oo ay ku jiraan in Farsamoyaqaan, physics iyo xisaabta. Horeba in 25 sano uu la gudoonsiiyey ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan oo duurka ku ah xisaabta, iyo in 27 sano oo uu article waxaa la daabacay joornaalka Academy Faransiiska of Sciences, halkaas oo uu tababaray muddo lix bilood ah.

In 28 sano ka soo shaqeeyay wafdiga Soviet in Congress Caalamiga ah ee xisaabyahannada, iyo 29 oo wuxuu noqday madaxa Waaxda Xisaabaadka.

Waxa uu naftiisa in daraasadda of science Nagi, iyo ardayda noqday saynisyahano si fiican u yaqaan in adduunka oo dhan. Waxa uu ku qoray in ka badan 500 oo shuqullada, oo siyaabo badan oo ay tilmaamay inay ku jiraan dabcan ka mid ah dhowr sano oo horumarka sayniska dunida ee sida obalstyah sida xisaabta iyo farsamo. Laakiin ma aysan joojin kaliya ee sayniska, kuwaas oo, isku dayayaan in ay fahmaan dhacdo dabeeci ah by sahaminta hirarka waaweyn badda (Tsunami), sababta oo ah dab, oo raadinaya siyaabo si looga hortago wasakhda ah oo webi.

Qof u maleeyey in isaga wakhtigiisa cilmiga Lavrentyev ciqaab for baarida qaar ka mid ah ayaa loo diray Novosibirsk u tahay horumarka gobolka. Laakiin xataa diiwaan midna xasuus la yaqaan lahayn wareegtooyinka sida. Haddii aan taageero dowladda, iyo rabitaan weyn si ay u horumariyaan gobolka bari ee ma noqon doono mid ah magnitude sida iyo xawaaraha ee dhismaha magaalooyinka cilmiyaysan, taas oo xitaa maanta weli mid ka mid ah xarumaha ugu weyn ee sayniska.