Kepler Iogann: Biography, shuqullada, daahfurtay

muuqaalka kore ee nidaamka heliocentric of Nikolaya Kopernika - qayb ugu muhiimsan ee geeddi-socodka helay magaca taariikhyahanadu ee qarniyadii XVI-XVII kacaanka sayniska. In hordhac ah si uu buugga, halkaas oo uu aragtida this dhigeen, Polish weyn tartiib tilmaamay qaabdarro waxaa ka mid ah, ka fiirsan bixiya shaqadaada kaliya isku dayayaan in ay helaan hab si ay u fududayso xisaabta ee xiddigaha. mudnaanta ee diinta model ah Copernican caalamka ee runta buuxda iska leh cilmiga weyn Jarmal by magaca Kepler. Johann ka mid ah saffarro kale oo waa weyn sii, waayo, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in ay ka imanayaan dunida nooc cusub oo ah nin - saynisyahan, isagoo garanaya nooca firfircoon.

Dhagax xiddig - harbinger ah aayahooda weyn

astronomer Future, xisaabyahan ah, injineer, indhaha ku dhashay December 27, 1571 galay qoys sabool ah oo ku sugan magaalada ilxidhka, in duchy ee Wurttemberg, in qayb ka mid ah Swabian ee Germany. Markii uu 5 sano jir ah, wuxuu u kacay dagaalka ee Holland, oo madax ka ah qoyska - a-dilay askari Heinrich Kepler. Johann Weligay ma arkin isaga. Oo hooyadiis, Caterina, waxay ahayd gabadhii ninkii hudheelkii lahaa, waxaa ku hawlan daawada dabiiciga ah iyo faal, taas oo uu ka dib ku dhawaad madaxiisa laga badiyay. Iyadoo dakhliga yar, ayay yeeleen wax kasta oo ay ina ka helay waxbarasho wanaagsan.

Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh la go'aamin karaa qaddar oo dhan, waxaa ku jira Biography ka Ioganna Keplera in ay bilowgii aad. Katharina Kepler tusay lix sano Johann dhagax xiddig, iyo saddex sano ka dib - in 1580 - madoobaad ah dayaxa. Xiddiga reer in ay u guurayaan guud Habeenkii cirka iyo qaabka isbedelka moon indhaha, yarkii xiiso leh wacdarro dhigay xoog leh. Waxaa laga yaabaa in markaas ka dhalatay in uu jecel yahay si aad u hesho in sababaha waxa ka dhacaya?

Saynisyahanka-fiqi, Kaalmeeya Copernicus

In carruurnimada hore, Johann dhaqaaqay furuqa, inay ku buriyaan hortiisa. Sidaas daraaddeed wuu koray jidh ahaan mid daciif ah oo Afguduud. Taas darteed, waqti ka badan dhiggooda ah u qaaday si ay u helaan waxbarashada dugsiga sare. Xaaladdan oo kale, soo geli Kepler University of Tübingen ayaa qeyb ka awood fiican dawladda magaalada ee, hantiyeen Iogann Kepler. Biography kooban oo ka mid ah cilmiga la 1591 for 1594 waa nuugista xoog badan oo ah aqoon in mid ka mid ah jaamacadaha ugu wanaagsan Yurub.

Kepler nolosha oo dhan wuxuu ahaa nin diini ah iyo weyin Protestant ah. Sidaa darteed, wuxuu ahaa isku diyaarineysa inay wadaad noqday oo galay macalimiinta fiqi ahaaneed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor inta in, uu ka qeyb galay koorsada xisaabta iyo xiddigaha, noqoto sayidkaaga ah fanka - waxaa si ee loo yaqaan cilmiga saxda ah waqtiga. macalimiinta oo uu ka mid ahaa taageere u ahaa nidaamka heliocentric of Michael Maestlin. Under saameynta ay khudbado uu ku wacdiya aaminsanahay aragti uu noqdo iyo Kepler. Johann isku dayeen in ay hal-abuur fasiri fikradaha of Copernicus, laakiin had iyo jeer ma sameeyaan gabagabadii midig.

Kepler ayaa Cup

Ayaa qorshaynaysa in ay wadaad Johann joojin ku Wareerisay post ee bare xisaabta ka dhiga jaamacadda Graz (1594) noqdaan. Inkastoo xukun go'an tahay inuu jidka inuu Ilaah u adeegayo ahaa complete, Biography Biography Ioganna Keplera ee uu noqonayaa saynisyahan cilmi baaris ku madal waxbaridda, taas oo beeniyay model dunida Ptolemaic (GEO) taagan a.

In Harz uu raadinayo noolaanshaha xisaabta ee qalabka nidaamka qoraxda oo la daabacay buugga "The Secret Caalamka" (1596). hadal Visual fikrado ku wacdiyey saynisyahan kitaabkan ku ahaa "koob oo Kepler." Waxay ahayd mugga a model nidaamka qoraxda, taas oo iftiin ku taal bartamaha ee Copernicus, laakiin Galaatiya dhaw quraxda xidiga ah orbiting Kepler siinayaa sifooyinka meydadka kiciyo - xabadaha, kubadaha iyo polyhedra joogto ah. No xisaabta yaab waxaa loo tixgeliyaa wakhtigaas farshaxanka - model this ahaa mid aad u qurux badan, laakiin gabi ahaanba aan sax ahayn.

Time si ay u sameeyaan casuumaad

Buug uu qoray Kepler dirayaa saynisyahano Yurub ugu horumarsan, oo ay ku jiraan Galileo oo Tiho deenishka Brage, oo ahaan jiray astronomer maxkamadda in Prague. Loo diido soo jeediyay Kepler wada noolaanshaha ka orbital foomamka, labada saynisyahano mahad shuqulka xisaab dhallinyarada iyo astronomer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo boosas kale duwan. Galileo ogolaaday hab heliocentric iyo Braga jeclaa dhiirranaan iyo asalnimada uu fikirka. Dane casuumay Kepler in Prague.

Johann biiray Prague ka qayb qaatay dhowr sababood. iyaga ka mid ah - wax adag oo meel moral ee Kepler (isagu wuxuu guursaday, laakiin afadaa u yar yar xanuunsaday la qalalka iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan u dhintay) iyo bilowgii caddibaadda Brotestanka by Church Catholic ah, ayaa sheegay in DKMG ah iyo Iogann Kepler. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee cilmiga ah ee muddada ugu dambeeyey ee uu joogo Harz waxaa ka buuxa hanjabaad iyo cadaadiska isaga taageere ka mid ah aragtiyaha xagjirka ahayn.

In 1600, Kepler gaaray Prague, halkaas oo uu ku bilaabmaa muddada ugu badan dhala ee uu noloshiisa.

Kepler in Prague. oo dhaxalkaygiina

Muddo yar ka dib bilowga shaqada wadajir Brahe si lama filaan ah u dhintay, tegaayo archives Kepler ay indha-indhaynta ah sumalka uguma , iyo meeshii astronomer maxkamadda iyo xiddigiye. Toban sameeyay Kepler in Prague, waxaa aasaas u ah dhammaan guulaha ay waaweyn ee sayniska sameeyey xiddigaha, physics, xisaabta.

In xiddigaha, Kepler keenay amarka kama dambaysta ah ee soo gudbinta mooshinka ee meerayaasha nidaamka qoraxda. Fahmaan waxa laga helay a iska leh Johannes Kepler, saffarro uu kari waayeen ka ledgerka guud ee cilmiga ah - "xiddigaha New" (1609). In u, iyo shuqulka final "Harmony The of Aduunka" (1618) saddexda sharciyada kinematics Falag buu la diyaariyey. Waxa uu sheegay Galaatiya Planetary ugu horeysay oo ku saabsan qaabka uu u ellipse la qorraxda at mid ka mid ah iyo Axdigu u, meeraha labaad iyo saddexaad ku tilmaamay xawaare orbital iyo qaababka ay cabiraada. Intaa waxaa dheer, Kepler tilmaamay supernovaer ahaa loox ah sumalka uguma sax ah in adeegay sidii orientation for badmaax oo xiddigtii iyo cirbixiyeyaasha.

Xisaabta ahaa qalab ugu muhiimsan in loo isticmaalo in uu shaqada Kepler. Johann kitaabkii "Joometri New of foosto khamri" (1615) waxay muujinaysaa sida loo helo mugga cunnooyinka adkaha ah ee kacaanka, oo yeynan aasaaskii falanqaynta xisaabeed iyo kalkulaska muhiim. Waxaa ka mid ah daahfurtay xisaabeed ee Kepler - miis ka logarithms, fikradaha cusub - "xisaabta macnaheedu" iyo "dhibcood ee xad la'aan".

Kepler soo bandhigay galay isticmaalka sayniska fikirka ah "tiiro", ku tilmaamayaa in jiritaanka ee dabiiciga ah damac la xiriira meydadka ururka, ayuu ku dhowaaday inuu furo sharciga cuf. The first to sharax sababta keentay saamaynta baddu ee Dayaxa, ayaa ku tilmaamay sababaha myopia, ayaa wuxuu horumariyo xoqad ka sii horumarsan.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay. xusuusta

In 1615, Kepler ayaa lagu qasbay in uu noqdo qareen u ahaa hooyadiis, oo lagu eedeeyay sixirka. Waxay ku hanjabay in la gubo oo khatar ku jirta, laakiin Johann u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan ay u xoreynta.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, Kepler ayaa lagu qasbay in ay ku qaataan raadinta ilo lagu kalsoonaan karo si ay u taageeraan qoysaskooda, iyo inta lagu jiro safarka u ashtakooday boqorka, lahaa mushahar, in Rigensburg in 1630 uu ku dhintay.

Magaca Kepler ayaa maanta - ka mid ah maskaxda ka weyn, kuwaas oo fikrado waa sal iyo guulihii sayniska iyo farsamada ee hadda. Magaciisa waxaa la siiyaa ah asteriyoodh bohol on the Moon, gaari xamuul ah meel iyo orbiting fiirinta bannaan, la furay meeraha cusub la mid ah Earth xaaladaha iyo sidoo kale loo magacaabay ka dib markii Kepler ee.