Kazimir Valishevsky oo camal fiican

kulubtiisa on dalka durkiya kala duwan taariikhiga ah ee taariikhda dalka ayaa saynisyahano badan desktop kuwaas oo aaminsan in qoraaga this qalmay xaq u leeyahay inuu noqon on par leh cilmi caan ah sida Vasily Tatishchev, Nikolai Karamzin iyo Vasily Klyuchevskii. Sam Lev Tolstoy wax hal mar la qiimeeyaa, oo tilmaamaysa reer Poland. Later uu qori lahaa: "Casimir Valishevsky taabtana unobtrusive gaalda gaadhsiin karaa wax muhiim ah."

Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin wuxuu qoray mararka qaarkood intay daabka subjectivity, sidaas aragtida shisheeyaha ah ee qaar ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ee la soo dhaafay ee mararka qaarkood aan ka heli kartaa wada noolaanshaha iyo wax ka qabashada ee nafta oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush. Sidaas daraaddeed isagu waa kan, Casimir Valishevsky? Iyo sababta uu buugga waxaa si xoog leh u riveted danta of akhristayaasha in ay ka qayb qaataan taariikhda qaranka? Ka fiirso su'aashan si faahfaahsan.

Years of carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Kazimir Feliksovich Valishevsky waa Pole u dhashay. Waxa uu ku dhashay November 19, 1849 tuulada of Gole (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Poland).

Waayo, formation hore Casimir diiwaan geliyay gymnasium Warsaw. Laakiin muddo ka dib wiilka lagu qasbay inay sii wataan waxbarashadooda dugsiga Jesuit ah, kaas oo ku yaala France. Koritaanka, Kazimir Valishevsky noqday xiiso sharciga iyo ugu danbeyn noqday graduate ka mid ah School of Law ee Paris, halkaas oo uu shahaadada ee Doctor of Law. Ka dib markii barashada ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ku hawlan waxbaridda ee goobaha waxbarashada Krakow.

field of saxaafadda

Tan iyo bartamihii-80s ee qarnigii 19aad Kazimir Valishevsky wakhtiga intiisa badan ee France. Wuxuu ahaa dhowr sano ku hawlan qorista shaqada, kaas oo ku lug leh arrimaha la mariyo ee arrimaha siyaasadeed, sharci iyo dhaqaale. Qayb ka mid ah buugaagta, uu sida "Poland iyo Europe qeybtii 2-aad ee qarnigii 18aad." Xitaa tarjumaadda galay Ruush.

Buugaagta ku saabsan dad magac ka Russia ee la soo dhaafay

Si dhakhso ah, dhakhtarka shareecada ka Poland noqday xiiso muddo taariikhda Ruush ah 17-19 qarniyo.

Waxa uu ku qoray taxane ah oo ku saabsan shuqullada ciqaab oo "si aaminnimo ah" adeegi jiray our hooyo. In mid ka mid ah sheekooyinka ee publicist faahfaahsan qoray oo ku saabsan xiriirka dibadda u adag oo u dhexeeya Russia iyo Poland, oo yeelatay xilligii of Time ee rabshado. Halkan, dhab ahaantii, ka badan Kazimir ku Valishevsky caanka ah, kuwaas oo buugaag laga rabey oo keliya ma aha ee dalka, laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. shuqulladiisa ma yihiin iskuna xaqiiqooyinka dhabta ah ee la soo dhaafay, publicist "shoveled" archives gobolka ee Vienna, London, Berlin, iyo, dabcan, St. Petersburg.

Ina keena aynu u falanqeeyaan content ee shuqullada ugu caansan ee qoraaga Polish kuwaas oo uu leeyahay in ka badan soddon sannadood nolosha qaatay daraasadda of science taariikhiga Ruush.

"Mid ka mid ah Roman Empress. Ekaterina Velikaya "

Tani shaqada of taariikhyahan Polish soo baxay ee 1892. Horeba magaca soo jeedinaya waa cad yahay waxa wax waxbarasho doortay Casimir Valishevsky. "Roman Empress" - waa, in fact, dulucdii ee taxanaha ah, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ka barta of view of kitaabkii taariikhda waxaa marka hore qoraal ah. Ma qoraaga isku dayeen in ay tilmaamaan si faahfaahsan oo dhan adventures amorous ee Catherine II?

Yaanay noqon, shaqo ma aha oo ku saabsan in. Its fikrad weyn ee - in ay xoogga saaraan sidii ay uga dhigayeen badan oo gobolka Jarmal ee Russia jacayl ku dhacay, oo intuu kor uguma carshiga, ayaa sameeyey ay ugu wanaagsan ee ay barwaaqo iyo fayo-qabka. Laakiin sheeko ku jira dhibic qoraaga of view on aqoonsiga ka Empress, kaas oo la gaadhsiiyey in ay akhristaha iyo Kazimir Valishevsky. Ekaterina Velikaya indhihiisa - waa qof caajis, mararka qaar kala firdhiyey iyo aqoon liidata. Laakiin tani meel shakhsi ahaan ah reer Poland.

"Petr Veliky"

Shaqadan waxaa ka muuqday 1897. Maxaa content rido waxaa Valishevsky Casimir? "Petr Veliky" - novel ah oo qoraaga ma qarin sida uu u jecel, haddii aan, ka dibna la kulmaan arrimaha gooyo ugu horeysay Ruush. Oo wuxuu isagii ku siinayaa taxane ah sifooyin weerar: geesi ah, qallafsan, dedejisanina, degdegga ... Casimir F. ku nuuxnuuxsaday, in gooyo xiriir xoog leh oo ku dhow a dadkiisa. Tsar Peter si adag u dan iyo waxay ka difaacdaa. Qoraagu wuxuu jecel yahay ee dib u habaynta ee Emperor ee arrimaha ciidamada, iyo si cad u leeyahay in uu maamulo si ay u abuuraan ciidanka ugu awooda badan oo horumarsan tan iyo Russia ay raggu.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhyahan ah Polish, mar kale muujinaya subjectivism, naqdiyay kiiska ka dhanka ah boqorka ee ciidamada badda. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, Markabka - waa aan loo baahnayn, iyo waxa aad u qaali ah oo sidaas daraaddeed kharash ah aan loo baahnayn, waayo Maaliyadda ...

"Ivan Grozny"

Shaqadu waxay ka qalinka qoraaga yimid sanadkii 1904. Taasi waxay tibaaxaysaa Casimir Valishevsky? "Ivan Grozny" - buug ay ka kooban tahay waa laga aragtida Epoch oprichnina ah, soo sameeyey taariikhyahanadu Degaannada ee kala duwan. Xaqiiqada ah in aan ku isticmaali boqorkii dalka arrimaha gudaha ee gobolka qiimeeyo, ka dibna kaliya lacag bixisid si aad tayada siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda taliyaha dareenka. Casimir F. bedelay mudnaanta iyo siiyey sharaxaad ee Ivan IV marka la eego awoodda in la dhiso xiriir diblomaasiyadeed la dalalka of "shisheeye". Tani, gaar ahaan, ay timaado in Lithuania iyo hooyo Poland. Dabcan, waayo Waliszewski arrimaha siyaasadda gudaha, laakiin waa sare. Meelaan The la jagooyinka of taariikhyahanadu Ruush muujiyey soocista ee shakhsiyadda ee Ivana Groznogo, kaas oo ahaa in sayniska gudaha adag dalku xaaladda daalim, oo gacankudhiiglaha iyo gool kulaad.

Casimir F. in qiyaasaha ay badan yihiin tur iyo hadiyadaha naaneesta Grozny sida "xushmeeyo" iyo "ixtiraamo". Intaa waxaa dheer, qoraaga oo ammaanay dib u habaynta in boqorkii bilaabay.

"Time of rabshado"

shuqulkan laga sameeyey diyaar u ah akhriska ee 1911. Waxaan doonayay in la yidhaahdo sheeko this Kazimir Valishevsky. "Time of rabshado" - buug in uu yahay nooc ka mid ah la sii wado shaqada oo baaxad weyn oo ka mid ah Wariye Polish ah, xaq u leedahay "The Origin of Modern Russia". Boggaga koowaad ee "Time of rabshado" waa la xarrimay in ay qiimayn mid ka mid ah farcankii Ivana Groznogo - Fedora Ioanovicha, kuwaas oo ku soo koray in jawi cabsi iyo cabsi. Habsami baxa qoraaga in caymiska oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ee qarnigii hore 17-kii, markii map siyaasadeed ee Bariga Yurub jiray halgan dhab ah goobo saamayneed. Inkastoo Poland waxa uu noqday dawlad xoog ciidan oo xoog leh. Laakiin in Russia ma ugu fiican ee jeer yimid. "Xun," boqorkii waa dhintay, xoogga dalka in ay ina Ivan IV, taas oo dhab ahaantii u soo baxay inuu ahaado amiir u daciif maray. Oprichnina iyo Livonian War ahaayeen eg weyn ee dhibaatada dhaqan-dhaqaale. Waxaa jiray carada sii kordhaysa ee tacsida ah.

Casimir F. qeexayaa si faahfaahsan xaaladda siyaasadeed ee soo koraya ee Russia iyo Poland. Waxa uu barbaro in xaqiiqda ah dareenka in Smoot saameyn aad u kala duwan oo ku saabsan nolosha mustaqbalka of Russia iyo polish ah. Valishevsky isticmaalaya "dabeecad suugaanta xoog leh", dhalaalaya iyo midabo tilmaamay xilliga adag oo ay adag tahay taariikhda qaran, kaas oo ka dhacay qarnigii hore 17-kii.

Qiimeynta ay shaqada

Saxaafada ee Russia, dabcan, ma qasbay inuu muddo dheer sugaa jawaab-celin ku saabsan shuqullada taariikhyahan Polish iyo publicist, kuwaas oo uu sheeko final, sii daayey 1925, Paris, ka go'an in ay Emperor Alexander I.

Waxaa intaa dheer, dib u eegista ee uu shaqada ayaa labaduba togan iyo kuwa taban. Oo Casimir F. scrupulously raacay qiyaasaha, kaas oo siiyey akhristayaasha ka mid ah buugaagta uu. Waxa uu qoray: "In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in habdhaqanka inta badan in aan shaqada condescendingly, weli waxaan arki karin in account of muddo taariikhi ah qaarkood Russia ka xanaajisay qaar ka mid ah dood bulshada. Iyo xaqiiqda ah in qaar ka mid ah dadka i eedeeyay ee la soo dhaafay klevetnichestve ah, ma i murugoodo. "

Wariye Polish iyo taariikhyahan, ku dhintay Paris ee 1935.

Publication buugaagta Waliszewski ee Russia bilaabay in 1905 iyo sii waday ilaa dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in dabayaaqadii 80-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay muuqday xiiso akhristayaasha shuqulladiisa.