Dhinacyada ku ladhan, sida in la qeexo? Magacyada dhinacyada gabay

Ka hor inta aan wax uga qaban su'aasha ah ee sida si loo ogaado dhinacyada of layman gabay ah, waxaa la ogaadaa in ay tani tahay nidaamka versification syllabic-tonic ah oo element ah go'aaminta waa joogsiga. Tani waa element a soo celceliyey, kaas oo ka kooban xaddi gaar ah oo lama filaan ah iyo dhawaaqyo unstressed. foot ayaa waxaa hore u ogaan lahaa in Qarniyadii hore, laakiin waxa jira ma waxay ahayd ka dhawaaqyo carabka ku adkeeyay iyo unstressed, iyo dhaadheer iyo kuwa gaagaaban.

Cabirka waxaa go'aamiya nooca iyo tirada kala jejebiyey cagta ee aayadda (line aayadda). Mid ka mid ah khaladaadka ereyada caamka ah - weedh tautological "aragti gabay ah aayadda." Weedhani waxa ay inta badan ka ardayda iyo xataa macalimiinta si qaldan maqli karo, waxaa, inkasta oo waa mid caadi ah. size ee aayadda waa ka muuqo gabay, sidaas xanuunsan weydiin, "Sidee ayaan u ogaado baaxadda aayadda gabay?" - "? Sidee si loo ogaado baaxadda khadka" si sax ah ku hadlo

foot disyllabic

dabiiciga ah ee cagtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhinacyada gabay. Sidee si loo ogaado nooca cagaha, sheegayaa luuqaynaya Aayado record sida wareeg ah oo loo ogaado meesha of dhawaaq Dhawaaqa in element kasta soo celceliyey ee gabayga.

joogsato Dissyllabic ka kooban yihiin laba dhawaaqyo (i.e. element ah lagu celceliyo laba dhawaaqyo kasta).

Haddii dhawaaq ugu horeysay ee soo noqnoqda element percussive, iyo tan labaad - unstressed, in waxa ferrets. dhowr jeer waa ku filan si ay u soo celiyaan chorea Eray (xagaaga, fall), si ay u dareemaan dhawaaqa madaxdii muusikaystayaasha. Ferrets yihiin aad caadi u ah in gabayada iyo waxaa loo yaqaan akhristayaasha of shuqullada qorayaasha casriga ah, iyo sidoo kale on shuqullada Classics ah. Aayado Trochaic waa mid aad u caan ah gabayo, hagaajiyaa carruurta:

Marka dameer dayrta Osia

habeen aad u xun hurdada.

Oo markii saacad ku dhuftay siddeed,

Dameer Osia ma u hesho ilaa ... (Chebyshev A.)

SOS Honya ahaa demure,

SOS Honya degdeg ma.

Maalin maalmaha ka mid SOS Honya

Inay helaan biyo ay sii go'aansaday inuu ... (Chebyshev A.)

maalin Bath ee cayayaanka ka.

Aad dhib isaga;

Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay ku dhaq maaliyada

Oo naftiisa ku dhaq ... (Chebyshev A.)

Haddii lama filaan ah ee cagtu waa dhawaaq labaad, waxaa pentameter waa. Aayado Iambic ma yihiin sida loo jecel yahay.

carabiyo uu ahaa qalafsaneyn

Waxaa kale oo aad u xun.

Wuxuu si dhakhso ah soo orday

The iyo bisad ii.

Back to cayayaanka eyga

Waxa uu inta badan dhibine ...

Oo haddii aad qaadan qalinka,

Purred uu dhintay oo la seexday. (A Chebyshev)

Si aad u "maqal" ka dhawaajiyaan pentameter, celiyaan iambic eray kasta ku filan (qandho guga). Pentameter waxaa inta badan la xidhiidha dhawaaqa Pushkin ee "Evgeniya Onegina".

saddex dhawaaq cagta

foot Woodward siday u kala horreeyaan ka kooban saddex dhawaaqyada, mid ka mid ah oo - lama filaan ah - ugu horeysay, labaad ama saddexaad.

Haddii dhawaaq impactor ugu horreeyey, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa dactyl ah. Si aad u "maqal" dactyl, ku celi Eray dactylic waa ku filan (si farxad, nasiib daro). Dactyl waa mid caadi ah in gabayada Ruush, balse waxaa suurtagal ah in uu la kulmo si aan joogto ahayn iyo chorea iambic.

Saddex iyo afar, iyo laba jeer

Waxaan la kulmay laba iyo afar maroodiga.

Next - a - waxay ahayd qoyan a,

Laba - waa webi.

Iyo geedo timireed, - mid ka mid ah.

Saddex iyo mid jeerta yiri:

"Hello, laba iyo afar maroodiga."

Oo intoodii kalena waxaa lagu wuxuu hoos fadhiyey geed oo timir ah been sheega.

Waxaa jiray dad badan,

oo timir ah A - mid ka mid ah. (A Chebyshev)

Haddii dhawaaq ah carabka ku adkeeyay - labaad, in ay u amphibrach. Ka dib soo noqnoqda, erayga amphibrachic (hooyo, eyga, dabeecadda) waa u fududahay in ay dareemaan amphibrach a resonance gaar ah. Magaca Amphibrachic of dabeecad khayaalka Pupusika qeexay wareegga maadda dhawaaqa of gabayo Andrei Chebyshev "pupusik Dhaqaalaha iyo siddeed convex nusik":

... Marka pupusik ubax Vodichev,

nusiki A qiyaasay biyaha dheriga,

Waxaan aad u hubiso in aysan u skhimichil

Oo xataa dheri kasta in ka badan iyo in ka badan Vodice ...

... Marka sabiib pupusik qadada

Oo waa inaad xusuusataa haystaa sacab muggiis oo cusbo ama ma.

syamknuli nusiki A: "Ha trumbambol!

Back in Buubaa hore zachuhlilas cusbo ... "

... Marka kuzyunilsya pupusik saaxiib,

Si kedis ah argagax vzvyaknuli nusiki cod dheer:

"Pupusik! Pupusik! Wuxuu ma ahan saaxiib!

Eeg sida uu indhaha wax dulma agagaarka!

Markaasuu wax cunay oo saddex konfyushki iyo blyambochek lix.

nusiki A Habeenkaas oo waxaa jiri doona? .. "

Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii si lama filaan ah uu yahay dhawaaq saddexaad ee saddex hadalka ku saabsan anapaest. Si ay u dareemaan anapaest noqon kartaa dhowr jeer ay ku soo celiyaan anapestovoe Eray (magaalada, afar).

... iyo mararka qaar xitaa Sunday.

Mana is raacraacin kartid maanta,

Sababta oo ah marka sarakicidda

Annagu ma u baahan tahay si aad u hesho aroor hore.

Hooyo, aabe ma leh alarm,

Sida maanta ay tahay, in ay ku dhaartaan oo aroortii ...

Oo laakiin waxaan qaboojiyaha

ukunta kalluunka aad u dhadhan.

Oo shalay, wakhtiga sarakicidda ee guga -

Waxaa jira maroodi weli iibin -

Iyadoo hooyo-to-aabbe noo socday qoysaska

Oo waxay lahaayeen ... Serezhka Panov (A. Chebyshev)

Kuwani waa shan ugu badan, joogsiga classic. Classics Ruush waxay ku waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa, oo ay go'aan ka dhinacyada ku ladhan ugu caansan iyo popular. Sidee si loo ogaado baaxadda aad, ma ahan oo keliya nooca cagta, waa in la hoos lagu qeexay doonaa.

foot Quadrisyllabic (peons)

gabayada Ruush ayaa sidoo kale ogyahay cagta afar dhawaaq, waxaa loo yaqaannaa peons. Haddii dhawaaq ugu horeysay, xidhmooyin waxaa lagu magacaabaa waxaan Peony ah, haddii labaad, ka dibna, sida, Peony II, iyo wixii la mid ah. Peons si fudud khaldin pentameter iambic, ama, si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad dhegaysan, dhawaaqa iyaga waa ka duwan yahay. Iyadoo qayb ka ah manhajka dugsiga waxaa intooda badan ka hadlayaan cagaha classic - dvuslozhnikah iyo trehslozhnikah.

foot Pentasyllabic (peptones)

Intaa waxaa dheer, foot pentasyllabic ama pyatidolniki ama peptones. joogsato waxaa laga heli karaa in gabayada dad Ruush, ama in ay stylization. The pyatislozhniki ugu ballaaran iibsaday saddexaad carabka ku dhawaaq: "Sidee in hooyada, dhulka qoyan ..." dhawaaqa ee peptone III run ahaantii waa mid aad caadi ah oo aan la ilaawi karin, la yaqaan in ay dad badan ku epics Ruush.

Tirada stop in aayadda

Jooji dhinacyada ku ladhan yihiin goostay. Sidee si loo ogaado nooca cagta, kor lagu sharaxay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u arkaan sida size ee gabayga waa qoran tahay, aqoon nooca cagaha kuma filna. Jooji - taasi waa unit in cabiraya size. talaabada labaad, taas oo loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo - si ay u xisaabiso cagaha sida badan oo ka mid foomamka, line of aayadda (aayadda).

magacyada saxda ah dhinacyada ku ladhan si dhawaajiyaan sidan oo kale: "ferrets trisyllabic" (tirada cagaha trochaic oo isku xigta - saddex), "pentameter pentasyllabic" (tirada cagaha iambic per line - shan), "anapaest disyllabic" (tirada anapestovyh joojin oo isku xiga - .. laba), iwm qalad caadiga ah waa arday badan iyo ardayda, u jawaabay su'aasha ah: "waa maxay xajmiga" - magaca oo kaliya nooca istaago. Wrong in la yidhaahdo "size Gabaygaan - dactyl", sax ah, in la yidhaahdo, ". Size ee Gabaygaan - trehstopny (.. Dvustopny iwm) dactyl"

Quantification aayadda stop

Sidaas daraaddeed, tirada iyo nooca stop waxay ku xiran tahay dhinacyada gabay. Sidee si loo ogaado tirada cagaha? Waxay ku xiran tahay tirada fuusto Lahjadda (circuit). Ha noo sharxaan la tusaale chorea iyo amphibrach.

Haddii aan xidho koofiyad,

Waxaan noqday ku dhawaad sida aabe.

Well, aabahay, iyo iyada oo aan hat a

Dhammaantood waa isku mid, sida aabe.

In Gabaygaan Andrew Chebyshev "hat baabba Pro" xallinta waxaa lagu qeexaa sida ferrets quadrisyllabic, sida line aayadda (v) wuxuu ka kooban yahay afar cagta trochaic.

Horse qablamaya guud ahaan berrinka, qablamaya,

Waxaan galloped guud ahaan beerta iyo aad u daalan.

Oo beerta buu ku jiray, iyo qanjaruufo cawska.

Oo dib baan u booday, galloped, galloped.

Oo webiga inay ku maydhato, iyo ciyaaro baar ah,

Oo haddana garoonka galloped, galloped.

dabaysha ama Shimbir innaba ma ay qabsadaan.

Qofna ma yaqaanno faranfardeeyo sida degdeg ah.

In Gabaygaan by qoraaga mid ah, sidoo kale, tirada joojin afarta cagood lahu, laakiin, ka duwan tusaale ahaan la soo dhaafay, chorea iyo amphibrachic, sidaas size of this gabay ma sameyn - amphibrach chetyrehstopnym.