Jadwalka horumarinta nolosha Dunida: taariikhda, muddooyinka, cimilada, noolaha nool

Nolosha Dunida waxay ka dhalatay in ka badan 3.5 bilyan oo sanno ka hor, isla markiiba ka dib markii la abuuro qolofka Earth. Waqtiga oo dhan, soo ifbaxa iyo horumarinta noolaha nool waxay saameeyeen samaynta gargaarka, cimilada. Sidoo kale, isbeddellada taatikada iyo cimilada ee dhacay sanadaha soo socda ayaa saameyn ku yeeshay horumarinta nolosha Dunida.

Miisaska loogu talagalay horumarinta nolosha Dunida waxaa lagu diyaarin karaa taariikhda dhacdooyinka. Taariikhda dunida oo dhan ayaa loo qaybin karaa marxalado gaar ah. Ugu weyn ee kuwani waa wakhtigii nolosha. Waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin eras, xilli - marxalado, muddooyin - ilaa xilliyo, xilliyo - ilaa qarniyo.

The Era of Life on Earth

Xilliga nolosha oo dhan waxaa lagu kala saari karaa 2 xilli: Precambrian, ama cryptozoic (xilliga hore, 3.6 ilaa 0.6 bilyan sanno), iyo Phanerozoic.

Cryptozoic waxaa ka mid ah Archae (nolosha hore) iyo Proterozoic (nolosha aasaasiga ah).

Phanerozoic waxaa ku jira Paleozoic (noloshii hore), Mesozoic (nolosha dhexe) iyo Cenozoic (nolol cusub).

2 jeer oo ah horumarinta nolosha ayaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa yaraanta - xilligaas. Xudduudaha u dhexeeya ereyada waa dhacdooyinka caalamiga ah ee kobcinta, burburka. Taas bedelkeeda, wakhtigu wuxuu u qaybsan yahay muddooyin, muddooyin - wakhtiga. Taariikhda nolosha Dunida waxay si toos ah ugu xiran tahay isbeddellada ku yimaadda qolofka Earth iyo cimilada dunida.

Waqtiga horumarka, dib loo eegayo

Munaasabadaha ugu muhiimsan waxaa inta badan loo qoondeeyey waqtiyo gaar ah - xilligaas. Waqtiga waxaa lagu xisaabinayaa nidaamka dib-u-noqoshada, laga bilaabo nolosha ugu da 'weyn ilaa tan cusub. Waxaa jira 5 xilli:

1. Archean.
2. Proterozoic.
3. Paleozoic.
4. Mesozoic
5. Cenozoic.

Mudada nolosha ee Earth

Waqtiga Paleozoic, Mesozoic iyo Cenozoic waxaa ku jira xilliyo horumarineed. Kuwani waa waqtiyo yar yar, marka la barbardhigo ereyada.

Paleozoic Era:

• Cambrian (Cambrian).
• Ordovician
• Silurian (Silurian).
• Devonian (Devonian).
• Carboniferous (carbon).
• Perm (Perm).

Mesozoic Era:

• Triassic (Triassic).
• Jurassic (Jurassic).
• Cretaceous (timirta).

Cenozoic Era:

• Tiirka hoose (Paleogene).
• Qaybta sare (Neogene).
• Quaternary, ama anthropogen (horumarinta aadanaha).

2-da koowaad ee ugu horreeya waxay ku jiraan xilliga jaamacadda 59 milyan oo sano.

Horumarka noolaha nool

Miisaska loogu talagalay horumarinta nolosha Dunida waxay u maleyneysaa in kala go 'kaliya ma ahan oo kaliya waqtiyada wakhtiga, laakiin sidoo kale marxaladaha qaarkood ee abuurista noolaha noolaha, isbeddelka cimilada ee suurtogalka ah (xilliga jilaalka, kuleylka caalamiga ah).

• Xilligii Archae The isbedel ugu weyn ee horumar ah ee noolaha ku nool - waa muuqaalka kore ee algae buluug-cagaaran - prokaryotes awoodaan in ay tarmaan iyo photosynthesis, soo bixitaanka of noolaha multicellular. Kusoo muuqashada walxaha borotiinka nool (heterotrophs), oo awood u leh in uu ka soo galo walxaha dabiiciga ah ee biyaha lagu tirtiro. Mustaqbalka, soo ifbaxashada noolaha nool waxay suurtagelisay in ay dunida u qaybiso qudaar iyo xayawaan.

• Wakhtiga Proterozoic. Xaaladan oo ah hal-unuglaha algae, Gooryaanka annelid, molluscs, Gooryaanka coelenterates badda. Muuqaalkii ugu horeeyay ee jilaalka (lancelet). Waxaa jira carrada dhismaha agagaaraha biyaha.
• Palaosoic Era.
• Muddada Cambrian. Horumarinta algae, marin-biyoodka, mollusks.
• Mudada Ordovician. Trilobites waxay bedeshay qolofka si ay uga baxdo. Common cephalopods si toos ah ama qolof yar qalooca. Caleemaha ugu horreeya waa xayawaan u eg sida xayawaanka carnivorous. Nolol noolaanta waxay ku taallaa biyaha.
• Muddada siluriga. Horumarka dhirta, trilobites. Jirrada ugu horeysa waxay u muuqdaan. Soo saarka dhirta dhulka (psilophytes).
• Muddada Devonian. Muuqaalka kalluunka ugu horeeya, stegocephalus. Muuqaalka kore ee boqoshaada. Horumarinta iyo burburinta psilophytes. Horumarinta dhulalka khilaafaadka badan.
• Muddooyinka Carboniferous iyo Permian. Dhulkii hore wuxuu ka buuxsamaa xamaamyada, waxaa jira xayawaan la mid ah. Trilobites way dhimanayaan. Kordhinta kaymaha Carboniferous. Horumarinta jimicsiyada, ferns.

• Mesozoic era.

• Muddada Triassic. Qaybinta dhirta (gymnosperms). Kordhinta tirada xayawaanka. Noocyada ugu horreeya, kalluunka lafaha.
• Xilliga Jurassic. Faa'idada jimicsiga, ka soo baxa angiosperms. Muuqaalka horudhaca ah, ubax ee cefalopods.
• Xilliga Cretaceous. Qeybinta ajiosperms, yaraynta noocyada kale ee dhirta. Horumarinta kalluunka lafaha, naasaha iyo shimbiraha.

• Xilligii Cenozoic.
  • Waqtiga Hoose ee Hoose (Paleogene). Ubaxaynta angiosperms. Horumarinta cayayaanka iyo nuujiyada, soo bixitaanka dhirta lafaha
  • Waqtiga ugu sarreeya (Neogene). Samaynta dhirta casriga ah. Soo bixitaanka awoowayaasha dadka.
  • Quaternary (aadmiga). Noocyada dhirta casriga ah, xayawaanka. Kusoo muuqashada qof.

Horumarinta xaaladaha dabiiciga ah, isbedelka cimilada

Jadwalka horumarka nolosha Dunida lama soo bandhigi karo iyadoon wax xog ah laga haynin isbeddelka dabeecadda aan dhicin. Soo bixitaanka iyo horumarinta nolosha Dunida, noocyada cusub ee dhirta iyo xayawaannada, dhammaantood waxaa wehliya isbeddelka dabiiciga, cimilada.

Isbedelka cimilada: xilligii Archaean

Taariikhda horumarinta nolosha ee Dunida waxay billaabmaysaa marxaladda dhulka ay ka helaan kheyraadka biyaha. Caawinta ayaa si aan fiicnayn loo cadeeyay. Madaqada waxaa ku badan dioxide kaarboon, xaddiga oksijiinta waa mid aad u yar. Biyo gacmeed, salinity hooseeya.

Wakhtiga taariikhiga ah ee Archae-ga waxaa lagu gartaa qarxinta volcanic, iftiin, daruuro madow. Dhagaxyada ayaa hodan ku ah graphite.

Isbeddelka cimilada ee isbedelka cimilada

Dhulku waa dhagax dhagax, dhammaan noolaha nool waxay ku nool yihiin biyaha. Oxygen waxaa lagu uruuriyaa jawiga.

Isbedelka cimilada: xilligii Paleozoic

In muddo kala duwan ee soo socda Zaman Paleozoic dhacay isbedelka cimilada :

• Muddada Cambrian. Dhulka ayaa weli ka baxsan. Cimiladu waa kulul.
• Mudada Ordovician. Isbedelada ugu muhiimsan waa daadadka dhamaanba goobaha waqooyiga.
• Muddada siluriga. Isbedelada Tectonic, xaaladaha dabeecadda aan kala sooc lahayn way kala duwan yihiin. Waxaa jira daaqad buureed, badaha badi dalka. Meelaha cimilada kala duwan ayaa lagu go'aamiyey, oo ay ku jiraan gobollada qaboojinta.
• Muddada Devonian. Cimilada qallalan waxay ku adkaataa, qaaradda. Sameynta niyad jabka isku dhafan.
• Xilliga Carbon-ka. Yaraynta qaaradaha, dhulalka qoyan. Cimilada kulaylka ah iyo qoyan, jawigu wuxuu leeyahay oksijiin badan iyo kaarboon dioxide.
• Waqtiga Perm. Cimilada kulul, firfircoonida firfircoonida, dhismaha buuraha, qallajinta bogagga.

Xilligii Paleozoic, buuraha Caledonian ayaa la sameeyay. Isbeddelada noocan oo kale ah ayaa waxay saameysey badaha aduunka - barkadaha badda ayaa la dhimay, dhul ballaadhan ayaa la sameeyay.

Xilligii Paleozoic ayaa calaamad u ah bilawgii dhammaan saliida iyo shidaalka waaweyn.

Isbedelka cimilada ee Mesozoic

Marka la eego cimilada wakhtiyada kala duwan ee Mesozoic, sifooyinka soo socda ayaa ah mid caan ku ah:

• Muddada Triassic. Hawlaha Volcanic, cimiladu waa mid adag oo qumman, diiran.
• Xilliga Jurassic. Cimilada sahlan iyo kulul. Badhiga badaha ayaa ka badan dhulka.
• Xilliga Cretaceous. Soo-celinta badaha badda. Cimiladu waa diiran tahay, laakiin dhammaadka xilliga kululaynta caalamiga ah waxaa lagu beddelayaa qaboojin.

Waqtiga Mesozoic, horay u samaysay nidaamyada buuraha ayaa la burburiyey, bannaankuna waxay hoos yimaadaan biyaha (Western Siberia). Qeybta labaad ee xilliga Cordilleras, buuraha Bariga Siberia, Indochina, iyo qayb ka mid ah Tibet ayaa la sameeyey, buuraha Mesozoic qallajiyey ayaa la sameeyay. Cimilada kuleylka ah iyo qoyan, oo ka faa'iideysanaya samaynta dhuxusha iyo bogagga peat.

Isbedelka cimilada - xilligii Cenozoic

Xilligii Cenozoic waxaa jiray kor u kaca guud ee Dunida. Cimilada ayaa isbedeshay. Muraayado tiro badan oo dabiiciga ah oo ka soo jeeda waqooyiga ayaa badalay wejiga qaaradda ee waqooyiga dhexe. Thanks to isbeddelada noocan oo kale ah, bannaanbaxyo qumman ayaa la sameeyay.

• Mudada Nizhnetretichny. Cimilada fudud. Kala qaybso 3 qaybo cimilada. Dejinta qaaradaha.
• Muddada Heerka Sare. Cimilada qallalan. Soo bixitaanka steppes, savannah.
• Xilliga uur-jiifka. Glaciation badan oo ka mid ah dhexdhexaad ah waqooyiga. Qaboojinta cimilada.

Dhamaan isbeddelada lagu sameeyay horumarinta nolosha Dunida waxaa lagu qori karaa qaab miis ah oo ka tarjumi doona marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhismaha iyo horumarinta adduunka casriga ah. Inkasta oo hababka hore loo ogaa cilmi-baarista, haddana cilmi-baarayaashu waxay sii wadaan inay bartaan taariikhda, waxay sameeyaan helitaan cusub oo u oggolaanaya bulshada casriga ah in ay bartaan sida ay noloshu ugu soo baxday Dunida kahor muuqaalka qofka.