Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrofluoric acid waxaa inta badan soo saaray qaab xal 40%, laakiin mararka qaarkood waxaa jira 50% ama 72% xal. Weli waxa loo yaqaan acid ah hydrofluoric ama fluoride hydrogen aqueous. Her name waxaa la aasaasay by fluorspar, kaas oo, ee jeedo, waa fluoride hydrogen.

acid Hydrofluoric - HF formula ay. Arag, waa dareere ah midab, ayaa miisaan kelli ah 20,0063 g / mol iyo cufnaanta ah - 1.15 g / cm³. Waxaa lagu gartaa heerkulka: barafku - 83,6 ° C, karkaraya - 19,5 ° C. Waa aan guban kara iyo aadka sun ah.

Waa maxay astaamaha uu leeyahay acid ee hydrofluoric? formula ee wax this soo jeedisay in ka mid ah fluorine iyo hydrogen in ay qaab-dhismeedka. Waxaa iska leh fasalka labaad ee halis, sida la aasaasay by dissociation ee fluorine waa sun iyo halista ah in deegaankeena.

Marka la isfuro acid ee biyaha ee lacagta ah ee kulaylka waa 59.1 KJ / mol. Waxaa sameynayso la Biraha badan, oon la xirrira fluorides. Interesting waa xaqiiqada ah in xitaa qayb yar oo acid this awood u hoos dhibic lagu keydsho of Heerka biyaha. At fluoride hydrogen heerkulka hooseeyo ee xeryahooda soo socda la H2O biyo · HF, H2O iyo H2O · 2HF · 4HF.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in acid ee hydrofluoric iska leh acids xoog dhexdhexaad ah, waxa ay idlayso iyo weel silicate galaas. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, waa mid keliya oo ah walaxda fasalka ay taas sameynayso la xabagta Silicon SiO (2). xabagta Tani, markeeda, waa wax ugu weyn ee loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka galaas. Hydrofluoric acid saameyn ah kuma laha wax ka, sidaa daraadeed waxa si weyn loo isticmaalaa ay kaydinta. Waqtigan xaadirka ah waxaa loo qaadaa oo lagu kaydiyaa kaliya ee baakada caaga ah, ama caag iyo weelasha hogaanka sameeyey. fiirsashada sare (60%) acid lagu qaado weel xooggan oo steel sameeyey.

Biraha, oo aan L waxa ku jira, waxa ay horseedi, platina iyo dahab. Technical hydrofluoric acid ku jira nijaasta ahaa oo dhowr ah, ka mid ah taas oo ay ugu badan yihiin sida Fe, RB, Sida, iyo N2SiF6, SO2. acid nadiifinta wanaagsan waa la helay, iyagoo u beddelaya difluoride potassium. Dheeraad ah, waxaa lagu giirte iyo kala diri by kulaylka ee fluoride hydrogen biyo.

Marka shaqeeya laboratories isticmaali maacuunta iyo weelasha of polyetylen iyo PTFE, iyo tiro badan oo reer acid hydrofluoric kaydiyaa steel, dhagan, taangiyada hermetically u xiran yihiin, iyo taangiyada ama dhululubada nooca ammonia, taas oo loo baahan yahay in ay leeyihiin midab leh difaaca heli karo.

Hydrofluoric acid waa khatar ku ah caafimaadka dadka. Waxay leedahay saamayn maandooriyaha daciif on laabaha. Haddii sabab qaar ka kacday dhiiga, haddii ay taasi si looga fogaado in lagu sumoobo daran la isbedel ku hawlaha habka dheef shiidka iyo barar sambabada. Xitaa hydrofluoric acid carqaladeeyo kartaa dhaqdhaqaaqa wadnaha iyo sarkhaan guud ee u shaqeeyo.

In xiriir la maqaarka ama indhaha, keena gubashada daran xitaa at uruuray hooseeyo. Gaar ahaan cawaaqib xun ee wax lays acid by ciddiyaha, sidaas shaqeeyaan oo kaliya u baahan tahay in ay xirtaan galoofyada iyo stretch wanaagsan.

Haddii, si kastaba ha ahaatee, maqaarka helay acid, ka dibna si deg deg ah u raaci biyo ordaya oo kula dhaqmo 2.5% calcium gluconate sida gel ah. Laakiin in aan joojin kartaa, waa inaad isla markiiba la tasho dhakhtarkaaga. Waxa uu ka dhigan doonaa irbad xididka of chloride calcium.

Xaggee loo isticmaalo this khatar acid? Currently, waxaa si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in dhagax weyn failure of silicate si ay u milmaan biraha sida niobium, tantalum iyo zirconium. Waxay u dhaqmo sidii qaar kaaliya ee hydrogenation iyo dehydrogenation, iyo sidoo kale in soo saaridda ee fluoropolymers, freons iyo fluorosulfonic acid. Waxay helay codsiga in industry saliidda. Waxay ahayd mid lagu daaweeyaa ceelasha saliidda si kor loogu qaado wax soo saarka saliidda.