Inductance: caanaha. cabiraada ee inductance. loop inductance

Kuwaas oo aan bartay physics dugsiga? Waayo, qaar ka mid ah, waxa uu ahaa mid xiiso leh oo la fahmi karo, halka qaar kalena ay ..waxaanu halkaa ka badan buugaagta, isku dayaya in uu korka fikradaha qalafsan. Laakiin mid kasta oo inaga mid ah in la xasuusto in dunidu ku salaysan yahay aqoonta jirka. Maanta waxaan ka hadlaan fikradaha sida inductance ee inductance loop hadda, iyo u ogaato waxa jira capacitors iyo in uu yahay solenoid ah.

Bannaanka korontada iyo inductance ah

Inductance adeegta sifaha sifooyinka magnetic Bannaanka korontada. Waxaa lagu qeexaa sida Wehliyaha ee dheellitirnaanta u dhexaysa hadda iyo socodka korontada ee hadda ka jirta a circuit magnetic u xiran yihiin. socodka Tani waxay hadda waa mid iyada oo dusha loop ka. qeexid kale oo uu dhigayaa in inductance ee dhimaya wareeg ah oo ay go'aamiso EMF is-induction ah. Eraygan waxa loo isticmaalaa si ay u muujiyaan element Bannaanka oo ay caan ku ah is-induction saamayn kaas oo lagu furay iyo D. Henry M. Faraday madax banaan. inductance la xiriira qiimaha foomka, size iyo dusha of permeability magnetic deegaanka ku xeeran ee. Cutubyadii SI, qiimaha this waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in Henry, oo waxaa muujinaysaa sida L.

Oo qiyaaso inductance ee inductance

Loo yaqaan qiimaha inductance, taas oo ratio ee ka daadanayo magnetic dal dhan gariiradda si amperage wareeg ah:

• L = N x F: I.

inductance The Bannaanka ku xidhan tahay qaabka, size iyo dusha ka mid ah guryaha magnetic of dhexdhexaad ah kuwaas oo waxaa ku yaalla. Haddii la xiray-loop ku qulqulka hadda korontada, waxaa jira beer beddelo magnetic. Tani markii dambe u wadin inuu soo bixitaanka EMF ah. dhalashada ee hadda ku laaluusheen in loop ku xiran waxaa loo yaqaan "is-inductance". Sida laga soo xigtay xeerka Lenz ee aysan waxba ka beddelin qiimaha hadda ee Bannaanka. Haddii inductance la ogaado, waxaa suurto gal ah in aad dalbato circuit korontada ah, kuna waari dhexdeeda resistor a ka mid ah isku midka ah iyo gariiradda la core bir ah. Si joogto ah iyaga la xidhan iyo laambadihii korontada. Xaaladdan oo kale, iska caabin ah ee resistor waa loo siman yahay si ay DC gariiradda. Natiijadu waxay noqon doontaa laambadihii gubashadii dhalaalaya. The arrin is-induction waa mid ka mid ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee korantada iyo injineernimada korontada.

Sida loo helo inductance

formula The, taas oo si fudud waa in la helo qiimaha, kuwa soo socda:

• L = F: Waxaan,

halkaas oo F - daadanayo magnetic, I - hadda ka jirta Bannaanka.

Iyada oo inductor ee lagu sheegi karaa sida EMF is-laaluusheen:

• Ei = -L x Di: DT.

Laga soo gabagabeeyo formula waa induction sinnaanta ciidanka electromotive tiro taas oo dhacda in loop marka awood u hadda on mid ammeter waayo, mid labaad.

inductance The variable ka dhigayaa suurto gal ah in la helo tamarta duurka magnetic:

• W = LI ^2: 2.

"Spool dunta"

inductor The waa boogta silig copper dahaaran on saldhig adag. Sida for madhxiya, ka dibna la doortay ee wax iriddu waa weyn - ciddiyaha iyo ningax silig, iyo dhar. magnitude ee ka daadanayo magnetic ku xiran tahay dhululubo ee square. Haddii aad la kordhiyo hadda ee gariiradda, duurka ku magnetic noqon doonaa dheeraad ah iyo qeybsanaan.

Haddii aad dalbato koronto in gariiradda, ka dibna waxaa soo baxdo danab soo horjeeda danab a, laakiin waxa ay si lama filaan ah u baaba'aa. Noocan ah waxaa loo yaqaan stress xoog electromotive is-induction. Waqtiga energization in xoogga gariiradda hadda badala miraheeda ka bilaabmaysa 0 ilaa tiro cayiman. danab ayaa markan uu leeyahay isbedelka qiimaha a sida sharciga waafaqsan Ohm ee:

• I = U: R,

halkaas oo aan calaamad u amperage, U - muujinaysaa danab ku, R - iska caabin ah gariiradda.

Muuqaal kale oo gaar ah oo gariiradda waa xaqiiqda soo socda: haddii aad furi Bannaanka "gariiradda - il hadda," EMF ah lagu dari doonaa walwalka. Hadda waxaa sidoo kale laga bilaabo si ay u koraan, ka dibna uu bilaabo inuu hoos u. Sidaa sharciga ugu horeeya ee commutation, taas oo dhigayaa in hadda ee inductor aanu ugala beddelo.

Gariiradda waxa loo qaybin karaa laba nooc:

1. Iyada oo tip magnetic. ferrites iyo falalka birta sida wax qalbi. diirkja wuxuu u adeegi in la kordhiyo inductance ah.
2. Iyadoo non-magnetic. Loo isticmaalaa in kiisaska inductance ee aan ka badnayn shan MH.

Qalabkaas ku kala duwan muuqaalka iyo qaab-dhismeedka gudaha. Iyada oo ku xidhan oo xuduudaheedu sida waa inductance gariiradda. formula The kiis kasta waa ka duwan yahay. Tusaale ahaan, inductance uu noqon doono si siman u gariiradda hal lakab:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Oo hadda multilayer ee caanaha kale:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10w).

Natiijooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee la xidhiidha gariiradda shaqada:

1. On ferrite a cylindrical inductance ugu weyn dhacdaa dhexe.
2. Waayo, inductance ugu badnaan waa in si dhow ula dhaawacaa windings on spool ah.
3. inductance ee, tirada yar yar oo markooda.
4. Masaafada u core toroidal dhexeeya markooda ee gariiradda macno ah ma.
5. qiimaha inductance The waxay ku xiran tahay "markooda afar gees."
6. Haddii inductor ku xiran ee taxanahan, qiimaha guud ahaan waa wadarta inductances.
7. Marka xiran ee isku midka ah, waxaad u baahan tahay in la hubiyo in inductance ah ayaa kullan sabuuradda. Haddii kale, markhaatifuridda waxaa ay noqon doontaa mid aan sax ahayn ay sabab u tahay saameynta ay labada dhinac ka mid ah beeraha magnetic.

solenoid

Under fikradda waxaa loola jeedaa gariiradda cylindrical a of silig in lagu dhaawacaa karaa hal ama in ka badan layers. dhererka dhululubo si wax ku ool ka weyn yahay dhexroorka. Sababo la sifooyinka sida marka hadda korontada ee saabka solenoid dhashay field magnetic. Heerka isbedelka of saami ka daadanayo magnetic in isbedel hadda. inductance ee gariiradda kiiskan loo xisaabiyaa sida soo socota:

• DF: DT = L dl: DT.

Xitaa noocan oo kale ah gariiradda yeedhay leewarka korontada la xudunta gadaal loo celin karo. Xaaladdan oo kale, solenoid la bixisey la core ferromagnetic dibadda magnetic - War harqoodkii.

In waqtigeena, qalabka lagu biiriyo kartaa hydraulics korantada. Iyadoo ku saleysan, horumariyo afar daydo:

• marka hore waa inay awoodaan in la xakameeyo cadaadis khadka.
• Habka labaad waa ka kale xajin isteerinka qasbay qufulka-up ee Converter Xuddunta ah oo kala duwan.
• Habka saddexaad ee ay ka kooban waxaa ku jira nidaamiyo cadaadis, mas'uul ka ah wareejin shaqada.
• afaraad waxaa gacanta ku hydraulically ama khaanadaha.

The qaaciidooyinka xisaabinta lagama maarmaanka u ah

Si aad u hesho inductance ee gariiradda, formula la isticmaalay waa sida soo socota:

• L = μ0n ² V,

halkaas oo μ0 muujinaysaa permeability ku magnetic of vacuum ah, n - waa tirada markooda, V - mugga solenoid ah.

Sidoo kale si ay u xisaabiso inductance gariiradda badan ee suurtogalka ah iyo iyadoo la kaashanayo formula kale:

• L = μ0N ² S: l,

halkaas oo S - waa cross-qeybaha deegaanka iyo l - cimri solenoid ah.

Si aad u hesho inductance ee gariiradda, formula ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa, wax kasta oo ku haboon yahay xalka dhibaatada this.

Shaqo ku AC iyo DC

duurka ku magnetic in ahbaa gudaha gariiradda, si toos ah oo ay la socdaan dhidibka oo waa loo siman yahay si:

• B = μ0nI,

halkaas oo μ0 - permeability ee vacuum waa, n - waa tirada markooda, iyo I - qiimaha hadda.

hadda Marka mara solenoid ah, tamarta dukaamada gariiradda oo waa loo siman yahay si uu shuqulka loo baahan yahay in la dhiso hadda. Si loo xisaabiyo inductance ku kiiskan, formula la isticmaalay waa sida soo socota:

• E = LI ^2: 2

halkaas oo L muujinaysaa qiimaha inductance, iyo E - tamarta kaydiyaa.

ciidanka electromotive Is-induction dhacdaa marka hadda ee solenoid ah.

In the case of hawlgalka AC muuqataa duurka ah talantaalli magnetic. jihada ciidamada of jiidashada kala duwanaan karaan, oo ay ku hadhaan laga yaabaa beddelin. Kiiska hore dhacdaa marka la isticmaalayo solenoid sida solenoid ah. Markaasaa kii labaad, marka armature ka samaysan yahay wax magnetic. talantaalli Solenoid hadda leedahay impedance, kaas oo la mid ah in iska caabin ah loogu fuuli jiray iyo inductance.

The isticmaalka ugu badan ee solenoids nooca ugu horeysay (DC) - ciidan translational sida leewarka. xoog waxay ku xiran tahay qaabka ugu muhiimsan iyo qolof. Tusaale ahaan isticmaalka maqaska markii jarida jeegaga shaqada ee diiwaanka lacagta caddaanka ah, matoorrada iyo filtarka in nidaamka Haydarooliga, sidhab ah tabs ah. Solenoids nooca labaad waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida inductors for kulaylku induction in Foornooyinka Weelka.

wareeggeedii oscillatory

The fudud Bannaanka resonant waa wareeg ah serial oscillating, oo ka kooban gariiradda inductor lagu daray iyo capacitor iyada oo loo marayo taas oo ah talantaalli socodka hadda. Si loo go'aamiyo ka inductance of gariiradda, formula la isticmaalay waa sida soo socota:

• XL = L W x,

diidanyihiin XL muujinaysaa gariiradda reactance, iyo W - noqnoqoshada wareeg ah.

Haddii aad isticmaasho a Waxyeelo impedance of capacitor ah, ka dibna caanaha u ekaan kartaa sidan:

Xc = 1: W x C.

sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee circuit oscillation waa inta jeer resonant ah, impedance sifo iyo S Bannaanka. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u tilmaamay inta jeer ee meesha iska caabin loop waa firfircoon. labaad ayaa muujiyay sida reactance ee inta jeer ee resonant u dhaxeeya qiyamka sida capacitance iyo inductance Bannaanka oscillating. Dabeecadaha saddexaad go'aamisa Ilodanimada inayan iyo width of sifooyinka Ilodanimada-noqnoqoshada (jawaab inta jeer) ee resonance iyo muujinaysaa dhinacyada tamarta kaydiyaa Bannaanka marka loo eego khasaaraha tamarta halkii muddo oscillation ah. guryaha ayaa inta jeer ee wareeggeedii tahay waxaa lagu qiyaasay iyadoo la isticmaalayo wax ka qabashada soo noqnoqoshada. Xaaladdan oo kale, wareegga waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida quadripole ah. Marka qiimaha image waa garaafyada faa'iido loop danab (K). Qiimaha Tani waxay muujinaysaa in ratio ee danab wax soo saarka si ay u aqbasho. Waayo, wareeggeedii in aadan ka mid ah ilaha tamarta iyo xubno xoojin kala duwan, qiimaha Wehliyaha ka wada weyn yahay midnimada. Waxay u egtahay in eber marka marka la eego firikuwensiyada kala duwan ka circuit resonance uu leeyahay qiimo iska caabin sare. Haddii qiimaha iska caabin ah ugu yaraan, Wehliyaha uu ku dhow yahay in midnimada.

In a circuit resonant isku midka ah waxaa ka mid ah laba xubin jet la falcelin ciidamada kala duwan. Isticmaalka noocaan ah circuit oo muujinaysa aqoonta in xubno circuit isku midka ah loo baahan yahay in lagu daro ay conductivity oo kaliya, laakiin ma iska caabin ah. At inta jeer ee resonant of conductivity guud ee circuit waa loo siman yahay eber, oo tilmaamaysa in iska caabin ay AC Rowan waaweyn. Waayo, circuit ah oo ka mid ah capacitance isku midka ah (C), iska caabin ah (R) iyo inductance, formula ah in iyaga iyo factor tayada (Q) mideeya, sida soo socota:

• S = R√C: L.

In hawlgalka, circuit ka midka ah ee ka mid ah muddo of oscillation dhacdaa laba jeer sarrifka tamarta dhexeeya condenser iyo gariiradda ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, hadda loop a, taas oo la taaban karo ka badan qiimaha hadda soo wareegi jiray dibadda.

shaqada capacitor

Qalabka wuxuu u yahay labada cirif conductivity yar iyo qiimaha capacitance variable ama joogto ah. Marka capacitor aan la soo oogay, oo ay iska caabin ah ayaa ku dhow inuu eber, haddii kale waa loo siman yahay si xad la'aan. Haddii il awoodeed waa ineysan ka element ah, waxa uu noqonayaa il in dheecaan ay. Isticmaalka capacitor ee korantada waa doorka filtarrada in meesha laga saaro buuq. Qalabka in sahayda korontada wareeggeedii awoodda waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu quudiyo nidaamyada la xamuulka waaweyn. Tani waxay ku salaysan tahay awoodda element ah ayaa noqotay qayb ka variable, laakiin aan degganayn hadda. The sare qayb noqnoqoshada, yar ah iska caabin ah ee capacitor ah. Sidaas darteed, condenser ka buuxda qaylada oo dhan in uu on top of DC ah.

Resistance element ku xiran tahay capacitance ah. Sababtan awgeed, waa caqliga leh in ay ku riday capacitors la mugga kala duwan si ay u soo qaado oo dhan cayn kasta oo buuq. Maaddaama ay awoodda ka mid ah qalabka noqotay hadda si toos ah keliya inta lagu jiro amraya waqtiga ay isticmaalka sida element ah matoor ama sida unit qaabeynta garaaca wadnaha ah.

Capacitors ku yimaadaan noocyo badan. Inta badan loo isticmaalo dirka nooca dielectric, tan iyo dhimaya this go'aamiso xasiloonida ee capacitance, iska caabin madhxiya iyo wixii la mid ah. Habaynta of magnitude waa sida soo socota:

1. Capacitors la dielectric gas.
2. Vacuum.
3. Iyada oo dielectric dareeraha.
4. Iyadoo a dielectric imanba adag.
5. Iyada oo dielectric organic adag.
6. Adag.
7. Electrolytic.

Waxaa jira capacitors soocidda caga (la wadaago ama heegan ah), nooca ilaalinta arrimaha dibadda (ilaaliyo iyo galmo, go'doon iyo-go'doonsan aan, buuxiyey oo, oo la shaabadeeyey) rakibo farsamo (coupler, daabacaadda, dusha, la fur pin ah, pin SNAP a ). qalabka sidoo kale lagu kala sooci karaa awood u leh inay beddesho awoodda:

1. Capacitors, go'an, taas oo ah, awooda taas oo had iyo jeer waa joogto ah.
2. Trimmer. Waxay leeyihiin awooda aanu is badalin inta lagu jiro hawlgalka qalab, laakiin waxa ay hal mar ama si teelteel ah waxbaa laga beddeli karaa.
3. Doorsoomayaasha. Waxaa capacitors oo u oggolaan in howlgalka of qalabka badasho awoodda.

Inductor iyo capacitor

xubno tabinta qalab awood u abuuraya ay inductance u gaar ah. Tani qaybaha dhismaha sida dhagaxa, baska isku xidha, a boosteejada ururiyaha iyo fiyuusyada. Waxaad u abuuri kara inductance capacitor dheeraad ah oo ku xira baska. mode hawlgalka circuit ku xiran tahay inductance, capacitance iyo iska caabin ah. formula ee xisaabinta inductance in uu dhacaa marka u dhowaanin jeer ee resonant, kuwa soo socda:

• Ce = C: (1 - ² 4Π f ² LC),

halkaas oo CE go'aamiso capacitance ku ool ah, C muujinaysaa capacitance dhabta ah, f - waa inta jeer, L - inductance.

qiimaha inductance waa in mar kasta la tixgeliyo marka la capacitors xoogga shaqeeya. Waayo, garaaca wadnaha capacitors qiimaha isku-inductance ee ugu muhiimsan. dheecaan ay ku dhacaa, loop induction ah oo uu leeyahay laba nooc - aperiodic iyo oscillatory.

Inductance in condenser ku xiran yahay xubno ka xeryahooda circuit dhexdeeda. Tusaale ahaan, in qaybaha la xidhiidha isku midka ah iyo banjarin, qiimaha this waa wadarta ah inductances of busbar ee xirmo waaweyn iyo gunaanad. Si aad u hesho noocan oo kale ah inductance, formula waa sida soo socota:

• Luuk = LP + lm + LB,

halkaas oo Luuk muujinaysaa qalab inductance, LP -Package ah, lm - bas ugu weyn iyo LB - inductance hogaanka.

Haddii xidhiidhka ka midka ah ee baska hadda kala duwan oo ay la socdaan oo dhererkeedu, ka dibna inductance u dhiganta waxaa lagu qeexaa sida:

• Luuk = LC: n + μ0 l x d: (3b) + LB,

halkaas oo l - cimri taayir, b - width iyo d - masaafada u dhexeysa taayirada.

Si loo yareeyo inductance ka mid ah qalabka waa ku nool qaybo ka mid condenser u taagan yahay in ay duurka ku magnetic wadajir magdhow. In si kale loo dhigo, qaybaha live la mooshinka isla hadda waa in laga saaraa midba midka kale intii suurtogal ah, iyo in uu isu keeno dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. Marka isku ururiya la hoos dhumucdiisuna dielectric yarayn kartaa qaybta inductance ah. Tani waxaa lagu gaari karaa xitaa qeybi ka mid ah qaybta la xaddi weyn in weel waxoogaa dheeraad ah oo ku-gacmeed.