Hababka Sayniska ee garaadka. In search of runta.

Fikradda ah "hab" waxaa ka mid ah set oo ah hawlaha iyo farsamooyinka garasho af iyo qoraal ah ee xaqiiqda. Habka ugu bixiyaa qofka nidaamka oo dhan mabaadi'da, xeerarka, shuruudaha, soo socda taas oo si deg deg ah ku gaari kartaa ujeedada looga danleeyahay. Waxaa jira meel gaar ah ee aqoonta, taas oo ku meelaynayaa muhiimad gaar ah si ay daraasad ku sameeyo hababka, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa habka a. Hawshoodu ugu weyn waa in ay bartaan dabeecadaha hababka aqoon, asal ahaan, dabeecadda iyo waxtarka.

Hababka waxbarasho waxa loo qaybin karaa sida ay isticmaalkiisa ballaaran ee habka cilmi sayniska. Xaaladdan oo kale, aqoonta hab-cilmiyeedyo kala qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood oo waaweyn, oo metaphysical iyo lahjado. In dhexe ee qarnigii XIX hababka metaphysical sii kordheysa ayaa la bedelay Arab-, sababta oo ah horumarinta deg deg ah ee sayniska dabiiciga ah. Kooxda Arab-habab yihiin guud sayniska hababka garaadka, kuwaas oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo kala duwan oo ka mid ah beeraha sayniska, ie, waxay leeyihiin kala duwan oo si caddaalad ah balaadhan oo ah codsiyada.

U fiirsasho had iyo jeer waa aalad ugu weyn ee la socda hababka sayniska garaadka. Waxa uu had iyo jeer door aad u muhiim ah in aqoonta sayniska, maxaa yeelay waxa ay kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u ururiyaan tiro aad u badan oo ku saabsan macluumaadka deegaanka. Tijaabo u yeedhay mid aad u adag, dhawrid ah marka la barbar dhigo habka of taaban miyir. Wuxuu soo jeedinaya gaadhista ee ujeedada leh, firfircoon oo si adag gacanta cilmibaadhaha si toos ah on shayga, si ay u eegaan xidhiidhka ay, guryaha ama dhinacyada kale. Tijaabada leeyahay tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka soo jireenka ah:

1. Tijaabada noo ogolaadaa in ay bartaan maado ee ay foomka saafi, baabi'inta waxyaabo kala duwan loo kasin in caqabad habka baaritaanka.
2. Inta lagu guda jiro tijaabo ah, waxaad ka dhigi kartaa shayga in xaaladaha aan caadi ahayn oo aad u daran.
3. Inta lagu guda jiro tijaabo ah, waxaad ka heli kartaa lug ay horumarka, iyo si ay ula qabsadaan koorsada dheeraad ah oo tijaabo ah.
4. Si ay u qabtaan tijaabo u noqon kartaa lambarka mid ka mid ah jeer loo baahan yahay si loo helo natiijooyin isku halayn karo.

Diyaarinta iyo fulinta tijaabo cilmi ah u baahan tahay fulinta shuruudaha qaarkood by experimenter ah.

Sidaas daraaddeed, sameeyo tijaabo cilmi ah:

1. Marna sameeyey at random. Tijaabada had iyo jeer waa presupposes jiritaanka ujeeddo cilmi-adag diyaariyey.
2. Marna ha ku Daynanaa Iyagoo ku sameeyey. Tijaabada waxaa had iyo jeer ku salaysan wax malo afka baarkiisa.
3. Ma qabtaa qorshayn. Qandaraasluhu waa in ay leeyihiin qorshe hordhac ah oo tijaabo ah.
4. Had iyo jeer u baahan tahay qalab gaar ah farsamada looga baahan yahay in ay fulinta ku habboon.
5. Waxay u baahan tahay heer sare ah takhasuska dadka ka hawlgeli doonaan fulinta tijaabo ah.

Dialectics iyo metaphysics - ma aha oo kaliya fikrad falsafadeed, oo ku salaysan, taas oo hababka sayniska ee garaadka. Tani waa aqoon ugu weyn guud ee farsamooyinka in ay noogu suurto gasho in la fahmo ma aha oo kaliya sawirka sayniska dunida, laakiin sidoo kale si ay u horumariyaan uu aragti u gaar ah oo laga helay.

Aqoonta iyo isticmaalka hababka sayniska ee aqoonta meesha kama saarayso isticmaalka gaarka loo leeyahay iyo gaar ah hababka sayniska ee aqoonta ifafaale kala duwan. Hababka garaadka Chastnonauchnogo matalaan tiro mabaa'dii ah iyo hababka garaadka, nidaamka sayniska iyo farsamada, taas oo la helo codsiga in beer gaar ah ee sayniska, aasaasiga ah kala foomamka codsiga. Sida caadiga ah, hababka kuwan iska leh Farsamoyaqaan, chemistry, physics, biology, iyo culuumta qaar ka mid ah.

Inkastoo ay kala duwan ee hababka garaadka loo isticmaalo beeraha kala duwan ee sayniska iyo tiknoolajiyada, dhammaan saynisyahano ku dadaalaan goolka la mid ah - in ay sameeyaan sawir badan oo sax ah ee dunida sida ugu macquulsan. Inta badan, in mustaqbalka dhow ay guulaysan doonaan.