Alkadienes - yihiin wakiillo caadiga ah ee Consort roodhida

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkadienes oo ah caanaha, taas oo ku kala duwan yihiin tirada atamka hydrogen waa Consort. Ka fiirso muuqaalada fasal kasta, nooca hybridization, guryaha sifo.

paraffins

Consort cokan leedahay formula C _2n guud _n H _{+ 2.} Iyagu dhammaantood waxay u xidhnahay dhexeeya atamka hydrogen iyo hal carbon. Haddii wajigooda ayaa ka kala Sooco ka mid hydrogen, alkane waa diinta walxaha firfircoon - xagjirka ah. Xubnaha ugu horreeya ee taxanahan yihiin walxaha gaseous kuwaas oo ku Tolosnaada L. biyo.

Iyada oo la kordhiyo tirada carbon ah milmi ku hoos geliya Silsilad ugu weyn, iyo Consort dhaaftaan oo aad gashaan gobolka adag wadar ahaan labada lug ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah.

Waxaa ka mid ah guryaha kiimikada waaweyn ee soo jireenka ah ee wakiilada class this, waxa loo kala soocaa bedelay. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in isgaarsiinta oo dhan cokan, xidhiidh for alkanes baqaayo. Sida dhammaan waxyaabaha kale ee organic, alkanes fal la oxygen (sari), oo sabab u ah oo tamarta la sii daayay. Nidaamkan waxaa endothermic, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in soo saarka kulaylinta goobta la deggan yahay iyo warshadaha.

cycloalkanes

feature ee fasalka this ee u taagoo waa joogitaanka dhismeedka xidhan. formula guud ee Consort sida waa _2n foomka C _n H _ah. Marka la eego qaab dhismeedka gaarka ah ee fasalka, waxay waxaa lagu gartaa cadaanyo bedelay on silsilad dhinaca, oo intaa dheer hydrogen, kaas oo la Ulasocto wareegga burburinta.

alkenes

In taxanaha ah homologous of formula guud ee ethylene ayaa _2n foomka C _n H ah _{+ 2.} The sifooyinka kala duwan ee Consort (naphthenes) muujiyo joogitaanka bond a double dhexeeya atamka carbon ah. Pi-bond la aasaasay sabab u xirmi labada non-hybrid p-orbitals on atamka carbon ku xiga.

Waxaa go'aamisa ma aha oo kaliya joogitaanka carbon hybridization nooca in alkenes, laakiin sidoo kale guryaha kiimikada caan ku dhammaan xubnaha class this xeryahooda organic. reaction tayada for unsaturation (double) bond midab doonaa biyo bromine.

falcelinta ee cholesterol curaarta double ku biiro Britain alkene HALO ah. Waxa intaa dheer in dareen diidmo oo ku waani caan ku taxanahan homologous, iyo sidoo kale la xidhiidha midab -KP.

Waxaa ka mid ah sifooyinka ethylene iyo homologues ay lagama maarmaan tahay in ay doortaan iyo noocyada kale ee reactions intaa dheer. In hydrogenation ee (reaction la hydrogen), formation of alkane u dhigma. Fuuq (biyo) iyo gidrogalogenirovanie (hydrogen Britain halide) sii wado ka alkenes roodhida by xukunka Markovnikov.

Its nuxurka been in xaqiiqda ah in marka uusan ku biirin alkene nesimmetrichnmou ah (isgaarsiinta gobolka 1) taagoo of cholesterol biyo ama hydrogen halide curaarta double. Hydrogen lagu darayaa dhexgalka ee hydrogenated (hydrogen cokan) a la eb carbon, iyo gidroksogrupp ama halogeen lifaaqan N. ugu yaraan hydrogenated

ka ku daray in ethylene iyo homologues ay gartaa reaction polymerization ka reebo. From monomer a stock yar la xirrira Britain polymer ballaaran oo ka kooban unugyada dhismaha isku mid. Polymerization waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa warshadaha kiimikada ee horumarka ah ee balaastigga casriga ah.

alkadienes

Waayo, ku bilaabatay, alkadienes - waa Consort roodhida isagoo _2n formula guud C _n H _{+ 2.} Waxaa la mid ah ah oo u dhexeeya wakiilada taxanaha homologous la alkenes. Tan iyo alkadienes - waa Consort roodhida, waayo, sidoo kale waxay lagu gartaa falcelin dheeraad ah.

Farqiga u dhexeeya waa in dienes waa laba bonds double roodhida, sidaas goysiga buuxa u baahan tahay xad-dhaaf ah oo biyo ah bromine, hydrogen, biyaha, halide hydrogen.

Wakiilada qaar ka mid ah propadiene iyo galaan reaction polymerization ah. Products helay inta lagu guda jiro dareen-celin taas waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee caag synthetic, soo saaridda caag. Tan iyo alkadienes - tahay ficil tayada ay go'aan midab doonaa -KP iyo walxaha roodhida biyo bromine. taxane homologous Alkadienes taas oo ka bilaabanayso propadiene, waa hoore ama adke.

Waxaa ka mid ah codsiyada ka mid ah wakiilo ka class this qoondeeyo wax soo saarka ee qalabka polymeric.

alkynes

In taxanaha ah homologous formula guud alxamaad waa C _n H _2n-2. Haddii alkadienes - walax oo ka kooban laba bonds double, waayo alkyne ah waxa lagu gartaa bond a xaafuun. reaction tayada si bond sadex alkynes yeedhay dhexgalka sinnayn wakiillo ka class this ee xarunta adag - hydroxide lacag diamine (1). The dhexgalka oo cusbo ku sameeyay - acetylide lacag ah.

Wakiilada ee taxanahan homologous waa isomers interclass of alkadienes. Sidoo kale, alkenes, alkadienes, alkynes dhan fal dheeriga halogeen ah, hydrogen, halide hydrogen, biyo. Marka lifaaqan Britain ayaa ka mid ah lacagta aan ku filnayn alxamaad ah hydrogen soo saaray ethylene. In the case of dhexgalka hydrogen-dhaafka ka ethane alxamaad (hydrocarbon cokan) soo saaray.

gunaanad

Alkynes, alkenes, alkadienes, alkadienes, guryaha kiimikada, kuwaasi oo ay ka wada hadleen kor ku xusan, lagu muujiyo isaga egyihiin aasaasiga ah iyo khilaafaadka u dhaxeeya fasalada kala duwan ee walxaha. All Consort ee dhismaha waxay leeyihiin carbon iyo hydrogen atamka, sidaas darteed waa shidaal u fiican.