Function Taranka iyo muhiimadda noolaha ee meiosis

Shaqada taranka ee jirka waxaa lagu fuliyaa inta lagu guda jiro xiriir laba gametes (unugyada jeermiga) ay dhacdo iyo horumarka ku xiga ee jirka saygoot hoosaad - ukunta dilaacday. In unugyada waalidka galmada leeyihiin go'an qaar ka mid ah n-koromosoomyada. Markaasuu wuxuu u yeedhay haploid. Saygoot waxaa qaadashada go'an oo ka mid ah, waa gacanta diploid, ie, Tirada koromosoom 2n halkaas, mid ka mid ah hooyada iyo aabbaha. Biological meiotic qeybinta ahmiyad gaar ah sida on unug ka kooban yahay in xaqiiqda ah in uu mahad, gacanta haploid soo sameeyey unugyada diploid.

qeexid

Meiosis bayoolaji waxaa lagu magacaabaa nooc ka mid ah hawlgalka maytosis, ay sabab u tahay diploid unugyada degaaankaaga, ee qanjidhada taranka qaybsan yihiin gametes 1n. Marka yaruna waa dilaacday, waxaa jira dad isuga ee gametes. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la soo kabsaday set koromosoom 2n. Macnaha meiosis waa in la hubiyo ilaalinta ee nooca soo jireenka ah mid kasta oo ku nool koromosoomyada noolaha iyo tirada ku habboon ee DNA.

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Meiosis - geeddi-socodka waa joogtee. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba nooc oo kala qaybinaya israac kasta oo kale oo soo socda: Waxaan meiosis iyo meiosis II. Mid kasta oo ka geeddi socodka ah, oo iyana, waxay ka kooban tahay prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Qaybta ugu horraysa ee meiosis ama meiosis aan, nus tirada koromosoomyada, i.e. waxaa jira arrin ku wax-u-qaybinta hoos u. Marka waa marxaladda labaad ee meiosis ama meiosis II, unugyada haploid ma hanjabo isbedelka, waxaa la badbaadiyey. Nidaamkan waxaa loo yaqaan qaybinta equational.

Dhamaan unugyada yada ee meiosis, qaado qaar ka mid ah warbixin ku saabsan heerka hidaha.

• prophase Meiotic ee ugu horreeyey - yada chromatin galool horusocod iyo formation of koromosoomyada. Dhamaadka this tallaabo aad u adag waxyaabaha la dhaxlo jooga Qaabkiisu - 2n2 koromosoomyada.
• Metaphase yimaado - yimaado oo heerka ugu sareeya ee galool. Sheyga hidaha weli ma beddelmin.
• Anaphase of meiosis weheliyaan hoos u dhac. Labada ciyaaryahan kasta oo ka koromosoomyada waalidka siinaysaa mid ka mid ah unugyada gabadhii ay. wax hidda lagu beddelayba waa inay ka kooban, sida Tirada koromosoom ahaa bar, waayo, cirif kasta oo unug waa lagama maarmaan u ah 1n2 koromosoomyada.
• Telophase - wajiga marka la xirrira asaasiga ah, soocay cytoplasm. unugyada Gabadhay loo abuuray, iyagu waa 2 iyo mid kasta oo ka mid ah laba chromatids. ie dhigay ee koromosoom oo ku jira haploid iyaga.
• interkinesis dheeraad ah lagu arkay, fasax gaaban u dhexeeya Marxaladda koowaad iyo labaad ee meiosis. Labada unugyada gabadhii ayaa diyaar u ah inay soo galaan marxaladda labaad ee meiosis, taas oo dhacda by hab la mid ah sida in maytosis.

Sidaa darteed muhiimad noolaha ee meiosis waa in xaqiiqada ah in ay tallaabo labaad by habab adag oo hore u sameeyay unugyada haploid 4 - 1n1 koromosoomyada. Ie, mid ka mid ah unugyada hooyada diploid nooleeya afar - kasta set koromosoom haploid. In mid ka mid ah wajiga degree meiotic ugu horeysay ee wax hidde recombines, iyo tallaabada labaad waxa dhaqdhaqaaqa koromosoomyada iyo chromatids qaadeen inay ulaha kala duwan ee gacanta. dhaqdhaqaaqa Kuwani - ilaha kala duwanaansho iyo isku kala duwan ee intraspecific.

natiijooyinka

Sayidka, muhiimadda noolaha ee meiosis, run ahaantii weyn. First of dhan, waa in la ogaadaa in sida ugu weyn, marxaladda ugu weyn ee Bilowgii ee gametes. Meiosis la hubinayaa kala iibsiga macluumaad hidde ka noocyada mid u shaqeeyo in kale, ay shardi tahay in ay galmada la soo saari by. Meiosis awood isku intraspecific dhicin sababtoo ah unugyada gabadhii ku kala duwan yihiin ma aha oo kaliya waalidka laakiin sidoo kale ku kala duwan yihiin.

Intaa waxaa dheer, muhiimadda noolaha ee meiosis ka kooban tahay bixinta yaraynta tirada koromosoomyada daqiiqad marka unugyada jeermiga loo sameeyay. Meiosis ay hubisaa in ay haploid; waqtiga iyo dheddiga qaabka koromosoom diploid ku saygoot waa lay soo celiyey.