Fikradda ah dissociation electrolytic. Sharraxaad fudud ayaa ah hababka adag

Iyada oo ereyga "dissociation electrolytic" saynisyahano shaqeeyaan ka goor dambe oo qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad. Saftay, waxa aannu ku qasban by farmashiyaha Swedish Arrhenius. Ka shaqeynta on dhibaatada elektrolytka ee 1884-1887 sano, wuxuu isaga u soo bandhigay in ay sharaxaad ka ifafaale of ionization in xal iyo in formation of dhalaalid. hab ay of this ifafaale, waxaa go'aansaday in aan u sharaxno kala daatay ee u taagoo galay udhigo, xubno ka haysta lacag togan ama taban.

Fikradda ah dissociation electrolytic sharxayaa conductivity ee xal qaar ka mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, in potassium chloride waa caan qaybsama this cusbo ah u taagoo for ra'iyi potassium isagoo lacag Aayad KCl «lagu daray" (waxbarashada) iyo ra'iyi chlorine ah, lacag la calaamad "jaray" (anion). Hydrochloric acid HCL jajabiyaa galay waxbarashada (ra'iyi hydrogen) iyo anion ah (ra'iyi chloride), xal of sodium hydroxide NaHO keenaysaa in ra'iyi sodium iyo anion ah sida ra'iyi hydroxide. Qodobada ugu muhiimsan ee aragtida ah ee dissociation electrolytic tilmaami dhaqanka udhigo in xal. Sida laga soo xigtay aragtida this, ay u guuraan ilaa xad si xor ah gudahood xalka, iyo xataa dhibic yar oo ah xalka waxaa lagu taageeray by qaybinta direyska ah ee lagu eedeeyay korontada oppositely eedeeyay.

Fikradda ah formation of dissociation electrolytic of electrolytes in xal aqueous sharaxay sida soo socota. muuqaalka kore ee udhigo free muujinaysaa burburinta wax ka qaylisay oo baraf. Tani habka by kala diridda maalkii biyo waxaa saameeya saamaynta taagoo dareeraha horjeeda (ee naga tusaale ahaan aan biyo ka fiirso). Sidaas daraaddeed waxay awoodaan si loo yareeyo ciidamada of jiidashada electrostatic jira ee u dhexeeya udhigo ee goobaha daaqaddii crystal yihiin, udhigo keentay wareejiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa xorta ah ee xalka. The udhigo free galaan deegaanka oo ka mid ah horjeeda taagoo biyo. Foomamka Tani qolof ku wareegsan, aragtida ah ee dissotsiatsiinazyvaet electrolytic biyo cabaan.

Laakiin aragtida ah ee dissociation electrolytic Arrhenius sharxayaa formation of electrolytes ma aha oo kaliya in xal. daaqaddii crystal ayaa la wada dumin karaan sarkhaansan yihiin heerkulka. Kulaylinta crystal ah, waxaan ka heli saamaynta oscillations daran ee atammada ee goobaha daaqaddii, si tartiib tartiib ah taasoo keentay in burburinta crystal iyo bixitaanka dhalaaliyey oo gebi ahaanba ka kooban udhigo.

Ku soo noqoshada xal ah in la tixgeliyo hantida gaar ah walax, taas oo aan wici dareeraha ah. The wakiilka ugu caansan ee qoyska tani waa biyo. feature ugu muhiimsan waa joogitaanka taagoo Dipole, i.e. markii mid ka mid ah dhammaadka Britain waxaa si wanaagsan lagu soo eedeeyay oo kale u xun. Britain ayaa biyo si buuxda u la kulmay shuruudahan, laakiinse biyuhu ma aha dareeraha kaliya.

Geedi socodka keeni kartaa dissociation electrolytic iyo qase horjeeda non-aqueous, tusaale ahaan, dareere baaruud dioxide, ammonia dareere ah, iyo si bixi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa biyo degan meel weyn ee taxanahan, sababta oo ah hantida wiiqday (milmi) jiidashada electrostatic iyo baabbi'in daaqaddii crystalline u muuqdo gaar ahaan dhalaalaya. Sidaa darteed, hadalka ku saabsan xal, waxaan uga jeednaa waa dareere ah aqueous.

Baadhitaan qoto dheer oo ka mid ah sifooyinka electrolytes oggol yahay inuu u dhaqaaqo fikirka ah xoog iyo heerka uu dissociation. Under ka degree of dissociation of elektrolytka waxaa loogu tala galay ratio ee u taagoo-socodyo in tiradiisa. electrolytes la fili karo, Wehliyaha this u dhaxeysa eber ka mid ah, iyo heerka uu dissociation, oo waa loo siman yahay si eber, waxay muujinaysaa in aan la non-electrolytes qabashada. On korodhka heerka uu dissociation of saamayn togan sii kordhaya heerkulka ee xalka.

ciidanka electrolytes go'aamiso heerka uu dissociation, la siiyaa fiirsashada joogto ah iyo heerkulka. electrolytes Strong Darajo of dissociation, dhowaanin midnimada. Waxaa si fiican waa cusbada milma, alkalis, acids.

Fikradda ah dissociation electrolytic waxaa suurto gal ah in sharax ballaaran ee ifafaale, kuwaas oo bartay in qaab dhismeedka of physics, chemistry, jirka ee dhirta iyo xayawaanka, electrochemistry afka baarkiisa.