Fannaaniinta Dadka ee USSR. Fanaaniinta dadweynaha ee USSR, hadda ku nool

Waxaa laga sameeyay qaabka loo yaqaan 'Toppak', oo ah naqshad dahabi ah oo loo yaqaan 'Artist of the USSR' oo loo yaqaan 'Artist's Artist'. Sanadkii 1936, horyaalka ayaa markii ugu horreysay loo dhiibay 14 farshaxan. Ilaa 1991, waxaa loo tixgeliyey mid ka mid ah abaalmarinta ugu muhiimsan ee shaqada hal-abuurka ah waxayna u adeegtay caddayn rasmi ah oo ah jacayl caan ah.

Magaca sharafta

Laga soo bilaabo 1919 shaqaalaha xirfadlayaasha ugu badan ee dhaqanka ayaa la siiyay magaca "Artist Artist of the Republic". Kuwa ugu horreeya ee la siiyay waxay ahaayeen heesayaasha LV Sobinov, FI Shalyapin iyo muusikada AK Glazunov. Si ay farshaxanku u noqdaan "caan ah", wuxuu ku khasbanaaday inuu qayb ka qaato qaybaha soo socda: muusikada, filimada, masraxa, telefishanka, wareegga, iyo raadiyaha raadiyaha. Xeerka waxaa ansixiyay Guddiga Fulinta Dhexe. Qodobka ku xusan sharafkan sharafeed wuxuu ka kooban yahay waxyaabaha soo socda:

1. Waxaa loo qoondeeyay wakiilada farshaxanka, kuwaas oo dhaqdhaqaaqyadooda ay ka dhigaan wax qiimo leh oo ku saabsan horumarinta dhaqanka.
2. Liiska abaal-marinnada waxaa soo ansixiyay Wasaaradda Dhaqanka ee USSR, Guddiga Qaranka ee Cinwaanka, Telefishinka iyo Warbaahinta idaacadda, Guddiga Union of Cinematographers, iyo Union of Composers.
3. Fannaaniinta Dadka La Aqbalay ee USSR waxay helayaan calaamad, shahaado iyo shahaado.
4. Calaamad gaar ah waa in lagu xiraa dhinaca midig ee xabadka.

Guud ahaan, sharafkan sharafeed muddadii u dhaxaysay 1936 ilaa 1991 ayaa la siiyey 1010 qof.

Noocyada abaalmarinta

Nidaamka howsha ayaa sababay su'aalo badan. Tusaale ahaan, sababta aysan ugu guuleysaneyn Leonid Kuravlev, Andrei Mironov, muusiko Sergei Prokofiev? Dad badan oo farshaxan-yahanno ah ee USSR ah ayaa la siiyay cinwaanka oo keliya da 'wayn. Tusaale ahaan, Ivan Ivanov-Vano, Stanislav Lyudkevich. Qaar ka mid ah xubno aan awoodin in ay ku nool yihiin ilaa horyaalka ee pristvoeniya maalinta (Rina Zelenaya, Mark Bernes). Haweenka ugu da'da yar, oo qaatay magaca "Artist of the USSR", waxay ahaayeen heesayaasha Halim Nasyrova iyo Kulyash Baiseitova. Waxay ahaayeen 24 jir. Qofka ugu da'da yar ee ragga haysta wuxuu ahaa Muslim Magomayev. Waqtiga dhalashada, wuxuu ahaa 31 jir.

Liiska Fannaaniinta Dadka ee USSR ee 30-ka

Muddadan, abaalmarinta waxaa la siiyay afar iyo toban qof. Waxaa ka mid ah agaasimaha PK Saksaganskii iyo AA Vasadze, aktarada EP Korchagina-Aleksandrovskaya iyo AA Horava, heesayaasha MI Litvinenko-Volgemut iyo K. Zhuhe Bayseitova. Agaasimihii ugu horeeyay ee USSR waa agaasimaha Stanislavsky. Wadajir ahaan isaga ayaa la siiyay VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, jilaa IM Moskvin, heesaha AV Nezhdanova.

Sanadkii 1936-kii wuxuu noqday Fanaan Dad ah VI Kachalov. Wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah jilayaasha ugu horreeya ee Masraxa Farshaxanka Mosque, oo ciyaaray 55 door. Iyada oo sharaf leh Vasily Ivanovich, Tiyaatarka Tiyaatarka ee Kazan ayaa loo magacaabay. Actorka ayaa la siiyay abaalmarinta Stalin Prize ee heerka koowaad, wuxuu amar ku bixiyay amar.

Sanadkii 1937, sharafka sharafeed waxaa loo bixiyay actor Alla Konstantinovna Tarasova. Waa ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Nobel Stalin shan, saddex Amarada of Lenin iyo bilado. Alla Konstantinovna ilaa dhammaadkii maalmaha ayaa ahaa mid firfircoon, oo ciyaaray bandhigyo, baray xirfadaha waxqabadka. Tan iyo 1951, waxay aheyd agaasimaha Masraxa Farshaxanimada Moscow, ka dibna waxay ku biirtay Golaha Guurtida ee Tiyaatarka. Muddadii u dhexeysay 1952 ilaa 1960 wuxuu ahaa xubin ka mid ah Golaha Sare ee Soomaliya 3-5 shirar.

Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky

Agaasimaha wuxuu ku dhashay 1863 magaalada Moscow. Konstantin Sergeevich wuxuu ahaa aktar iyo macallin karti leh. Wuxuu abuuray nidaam caan ah, taas oo loo adeegsanayo ilaa maanta. Sanadkii 1898-kii Stanislavsky, oo ay la wadaagto VI Nemirovich-Danchenko, ayaa aasaasay Masraxa Farshaxanka Mosque. Inta lagu jiro noloshiisa, jilaa wuxuu helay magaca "Artist Artist ee USSR", amarro sharafeed. Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky wuxuu ahaa akadeemiyadda Aqoonyahanka Akademiyada ee Petersburg iyo Akadamiyadda Sayniska ee USSR.

Muddadii 1940 ilaa 1949

Dadka farshaxan-yahanka ah ee waqtigaani waxay noqdeen kuwo shakhsiyadeed oo caan ah sida kormeeraha AM Pazovsky, actress ED Turchaninova, fannaankii ZM Gaidai, agaasimaha MI Tsarev iyo kuwo kale oo badan. Markii ugu dambaysay 1942-kii waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah farshaxanka suuban ee RSFSR, 1949 - dadka. Laga soo bilaabo 1973 MI Tsarev waa Halyeeyga Shaqaalaha Soshiyaanka. Waxaa sidoo kale la siiyay abaalmarinta Stalin Prize ee heerka labaad, abaalmarinta gobolka ee USSR (1969), iyo 1977 - abaalmarinta RSFSR ee Stanislavsky. Agaasimaha weyn iyo jilitaanka taliyaha ayaa lahaa amarro sharaf badan.

Sanadkii 1945, hal sawir oo kaliya, Abrar Khidoyatov, ayaa helay magaca "Artist's Artist". Cayaartu waxay ku guulaysatay in ay muujiso sawirro kala duwan oo ku saabsan Ruushka, Uzbekka iyo Yurubta. Wuxuu ahaa fanaan riwaayad ah oo ku takhasustay farshaxanka muusikada. Tiyaatarka masraxa qaranka ee magaalada Tashkent waxaa lagu magacaabaa jilaa hibo leh.

Fanaaniinta Dadka ee 50-ka ee qarnigii 20aad

Muddadaa 138 qof ayaa la guddoonsiiyay magaca 'Artist of the People' ee USSR. Waxaa ka mid ah, Lyubov Petrovna Orlova, oo la siiyay 1950-kii. Filim ku takhasusay filimka, ayaa lagu ciyaaray masraxa, heeso qurux badan. Waxay ahayd laba jeer abaalmarinta Stalin Prize ee heerka koowaad, waayo geesinimadeeda iyo kalsoonida waxaa la siiyay tiro ka mid ah biladaha. LP Orlova waa abaalmarinta abaalmarinta haweenka ugu fiican hawsha VIII International Film Festival ee Venice si loogu ciyaaro filimka 'Spring', iyo sidoo kale abaalmarinta Nabada ee filimka 'Meeting on the Elbe'. Atariishada ayaa waxaa la gudoonsiiyey Diploma ee Guddiga Peace Soofiyeeti.

Sanadkii 1959-tii, actorka ugu sareeya masraxa Alma-Ata Ruushka oo magaciisa la yidhaa M.Yu Lermontov wuxuu ahaa Valentina Borisovna Kharlamova. Waxay ku dhalisay 130 sawir. Intii ay socotay hawlgallada millatariga, waxay la sameeyeen kooxda kubadda cagta ee isbitaalada iyo unugyada dagaalka. Valentina Borisovna waxaa la siiyay amar, bilado, shahaadooyin.

Abaalmarinta 60-aad

Muddadan, 185 qof ayaa loo soo bandhigay abaalmarinta. Agaasimaha iyo Macalinka NP Akimov wuxuu noqday Artist Artist ee 1960. Wadajir ahaan waxaa la siiyay jilayaasha VA Orlov, AO Stepanova, NA Annenkov. sanadka soo socda, liiska magacyada fannaaniinta dad ku daray Faina Ranevskaya, Sviatoslav Richter, Tatyana Ustinova, Boris Pokrovsky iyo kuwa kale. Sanadkii 1969-kii, 25 qof oo farshaxan ah ayaa lagu abaalmariyay horyaalka. Waxaa ka mid ahaa royalistos Rostislav Zakharov, actress Viya Artmane, ballerina Nina Timofeeva, oo loo yaqaan 'Mikhail Ruminantsev' iyo Oleg Popov iyo farshaxan kale oo badan oo tayo leh.

Fikradda ah Aktifaha Faina Georgievna Ranevskaya weli waa mid khuseysa. Tiro badan oo door ah oo ay ka ciyaaraysay masraxa magaca Magaaladda Moscow. Aktarka ayaa ahaa sanqadihii ugu wanaagsanaa ee USSR, in ka badan hal mar waxaa la siiyay amarro sharafeed, waxaa la siiyay abaalmarinta Stalin Prize dhowr jeer. Ansixinta Ingiriisida "Yaa Cidda" ka mid ah F.G. Ranevskaya oo ka mid ah tobanka ugu sareeya ee jilayaasha sare ee qarnigii 21aad.

Jilaaga caanka ah ee 60-ka ah Arkady Isaakovich Raikin. Farshaxanku waxa uu kala soocay jilitaankiisa gaarka ah iyo awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu si deg deg ah wax uga bedelo muuqaal kasta. Bilowga hore 40-sano Arkady Isaakovich wuxuu noqday agaasimaha farshaxanka ee Leningrad Tiyaatarka ee kala duwan iyo qiyaasta. Dhaqdhaqaaqa wuxuu soo muuqday filimooyin dhowr ah waxaana uu abuuray barnaamijyo kala duwan. Sanadkii 1982-kii ayaa waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Tv-ga Leningrad Masraxa, oo ay la socdaan madaxiisa, waxay u dhaqaaqday Moscow, isla markiiba waxa loo magacaabay Satyricon. Arkady Isaakovich waxay heshay abaalmarino badan oo shaqadiisa ah. Sidaa daraadeed, 1939-kii wuxuu noqday ninka ku guuleysta "First All-Union Contest of Fiction Artists".

Abaalmarinta laga bilaabo 1970 ilaa 1979

Waqtigan, 239 qof oo hibo leh ayaa la siiyay magacyada. Waxaa ka mid ah - muusikada A. G. Novikov, majaajileyste Yu.J. Lingis, actor K. K. Ird. Sanadkii 1979-kii, horyaalka waxaa la siiyay 25 shaqaale farshaxan. kirishbooyada Its helay Ya. A. Voschak lihida Venediktov, jilaa meeshu jilayaasha VA Volzhansky PP Kadochnikov, Yu. V. Nikulin, SN Plotnikov iyo kuwa kale.

Sanadkii 1973 waxaa la siiyay muusikada muslinka ah Magomedovich Magomayev. Hawlgalkii ugu horeeyay wuxuu ka dhacay magaalada Baku, sannadkii 1962 waxa uu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Bandhiga Caalamiga ah ee Dhallinyarada iyo Ardayda, oo lagu qabtay Helsinki. Sanad ka dib, heeshiisii koowaad ee solo waxaa lagu qabtay Saldhigga Tchaikovsky Hall. Da'da 31 jir, Muslim Magomayev waxa uu helay magaca "Artist of People" ee USSR. Hibo leh, oo dhalaalaya, oo leh jajab aan caadi ahayn, muusigga ayaa ku guuleystay dhammaantiis Ururka. Ilaa iyo haatan, taageerayaashiisa ayaa u socda dhinaca dhinacyada xasuusta muslimiinta Magomayev.

Aktaralaha hibada leh, Fanaaniinta Dadka ee USSR Oleg Nikolaevich Efremov ayaa abaalmarinta la siiyay 1976. Wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah abuurayaasha Ururka Shaqaalaha Tiyaatarka ee USSR, iyo sidoo kale tiyaatarka "Modern", oo uu ahaa agaasime farshaxan. Oleg Efremov waxa uu ahaa agaasimaha tayada leh ee waxqabadyo badan. Waxaa la guddoonsiiyay abaalmarinta gobolka ee USSR, kadibna - Abaalmarinta Gobolka ee Ruushka. Oleg Nikolayevich wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Dahabshiil ee Dahabiga ah, wuxuu ku guuleystay abaalmarinta Man of the Year ee Machadka Biography ee Ruushka.

Siddeedaad ee qarnigii XX

Muddadan, 324 qof oo matalaya xirfado hal abuur leh ayaa la siiyay. Waxay ahaayeen jilayaal, agaasimayaal, farshaxan faneedka, muusikada, heesayaasha, ballerinas, kiciyayaal. Waxaa ka mid ah Armen Borisovich Dzhigarkhanyan, oo loogu talagalay 250 sawirro oo ku ciyaaray filimka gashiga Guinness Book of Records. 1989-kii Natalia Durova waxay heshay sharaf sharafeed. Actress laga bilaabo da'da yaryar waxay ka shaqeyn jirtay wareegga, ma joojin waxqabadkeeda xitaa wakhti ciraaq. Waxay u qortay dhowr buug oo loogu talagalay dadka waaweyn iyo carruurta. Kaalinteeda ayaa aad u qiimeeysay xitaa dibadda. Sidaas darteed, GDR wuxuu abaalmarinta N. Yu.

Muddada abaal-marinta ugu dambeysa

Sanadkii 1990-kii, 29 qof ayaa noqday "dadka", iyo sannad ka dib - 32 farshaxan oo farshaxan iyo fanaaniin. L. V. Durov, VT Spivakov, M. M. Zapashny, Z. E. Gerdt, G. M. Vitsin iyo fanaaniin kale oo badan ayaa loo dhigay horyaalka ee xogta. Fanaankii ugu dambeeyay ee USSR waa actor O. I. Yankovsky (bishii December 1991). Waxa uu ku dhexjiray filimyo badan, wuxuu ku sawiray muuqaalo badan oo ku yaal masraxa Lenkom iyo tiyaatarka magaalada Saratov. Fanaankii ugu dambeeyay ee SRSR wuxuu u shaqeynayay filimka filimka 'Come to see', oo uu abuuray ML Agranovich. Cayaartu marnaba looma helin abaalmarin loogu talagalay doorka ugu wanaagsan ee ragga ee filimada kala duwan.

Oleg Yankovsky oo ka mid ahaa sanadii 1991-kii, oo ah magaca 'Artist of People of the USSR' ayaa loo abaalmariyey inuu matalo SS Pilyavskaya. Waxay ka shaqeysay dhowr tiyaatar (Masraxa Farshaxanimada ee Moscow oo lagu magacaabo M. Gorky iyo Masraxa Farshaxanimada ee Moscow oo lagu magacaabo A. Chekhov), sidoo kale waxay ku shaqeeyeen filim. SS Pilyavskaya ee RSFSR ayaa noqotey farshaxan u qalma, waxaa la siiyay abaalmarinta Stalin Prize ee heerka labaad, amarada.

Fanaaniinta dadweynaha ee USSR, hadda ku nool

Si aan ugu faraxno, farshaxanno badan oo tayo leh ayaa weli nool. Tusaale ahaan afar farshaxaneed ayaa ku nool Azerbaijan: pianist Farhad Shamsi-oglu Badalbeyli, fannaanka Fidan Ekrem-kyzy Kasimova, muusigga Arif Dzhangir-ogly Melikov, fannaanka Zeynab Yakhya-kyzy Khanlarova. Jarmalka - Actress VK Varderesyan, oo ah muusikada KA Orbelian, oo ah kormeeraha OA Chekidzhyan. Fanaaniinta dadweynaha ee USSR waxay ku nool yihiin Belarus. Agaasimaha isboortiga VN Elizariev, muusikada IM Luchenok iyo kuwo kale. Georgia waxaa ku nool sagaal qof oo caanka ah: MP Amiranashvili, NG Bregvadze, LA Isakadze, GA Kancheli, RR Sturua iyo kuwo kale.

Imisa qof oo farshaxan ah oo ka tirsan USSR hadda waxay ku nool yihiin Ruushka? Kuwani waa jilayaal farsamo ee VS Lanovoi, EA Bystritskaya, LK Durov, OP Tabakov, IM Churikova, farshaxanimada wareega MM Zapashny, OK Popov, kormeeraha V T. Spivakov, heesaha A. B. Pugacheva iyo kuwa kale. Fanaaniinta reer galbeedka ee ku nool dalka Ukraine ayaa ah kuwa loo yaqaan 'Avdiyevsky', heesaha DM Gnatyuk, fannaanka heesta SM Rotaru, actress A. N. Rogovtseva, TAer Tayina iyo qaar kale. Sidoo kale, fannaanyahayda ugu jecel badan waxay ku nool yihiin Latvia, Lithuania, Turkiga, Turkiga, Kazakhstan iyo wadamada kale ee USSR hore.

Gebagebo

Dadka farshaxanimada ee USSR, hadda ku nool ama horey u baxday, waxay ku jirtaa wadnaha kuwa jecel waqti dheer. Had iyo goorba sharaf ayay u tahay inay noqoto "dadka", ku dhowaad dhammaan fannaaniyiintu waxay u hoggaansamaan magacaan. Magacani wuxuu bixiyay faa'iido badan. Tusaale ahaan, kor u kaca mushaharka iyo hawlgabka, fursad ay ku ballaariyaan meelahooda nololeed iyo inay helaan dacha state, qiimo dhimis badan oo bixiya biilasha biyaha iyo, dabcan, xaaladaha wanaajinta inta lagu guda jiro riwaayadaha. Waxaa sidoo kale la aaminsan yahay in cinwaanku uu xaqiijinayo jacaylka dadka ee farshaxanka. Laakiin waxaa jiray jilayaasha iyo heesayaasha oo aan helin wax abaalmarin ah oo la aqoonsan yahay oo ay qadariyaan dad caadi ah oo aan ka yareynin cinwaankooda. Tusaale ahaan, Vladimir Vysotsky, Andrei Mironov, Oleg Dal. Fanaaniinta dadweynaha ee filimka USSR, muusikada, tiyaatarka iyo goobaha kale ee hal-abuurka ah ayaa had iyo goorba ku qanacsanaa, waxaa lagu martiqaaday xafladaha, shirarka, riwaayadaha. Dad tayo leh ayaa lahaa dad badan oo jecelyahay dhamaanba USSR iyo meelo ka baxsan.