Dugsiga Solovetsky tababartayaasha taariikhda Navy Soviet, Qalinjabiyeyaasha, xusuusta

Dhalinyaradu in jaakadaha cusbayn, oo la wada dhaqdhaqaaqayeen wiiqmin iyo caadooyinka soo maray rag ... Jung - nooc ka mid ah astaanta waaridda iyo lama taabtaan ah ee dhaqanka badda. Haddii aad leedahay wiil, diyaar uma inuu ka tago sagxad ah oo ololaysa, ka dibna - raxan ah u noqon!

Looga hadlay article diiradda saari doonaa dugsiga Solovki ku Jung, taariikhda of this hay'ad, Abuurkiisa, qalin iyo xusuusta.

ardayda Petrovs

Wiil qol ee Russia u muuqday ku dhowaad isku mar la raxan ah - in 1707 Petr Veliky asaasay dugsiga ugu horeysay ee dalka, halkaas oo badmaax oo dhalinyarada u tababaran. dugsiga Tani shaqeeyay in Kronstadt, laakiin ma aha, waayo muddo dheer. Markaasaa waxaa jiray dugsiga la mid ah dugsiga Navigator ee, iyo isku day lagu sameeyey 1912 si loo soo celiyo hay'ad Kronstadt ah.

Sababta samaynta dugsiyada sida (jidka ag fadhida, muddo dheer, magaca ku qoran xad gudub ku ah naxwaha Ruush - "dugsiga yungov" sababta oo ah ereyga "wiilka qol" asal ahaan Dutch) - baahida loo qabo in ay bixiyaan tababar mustaqbalka BURCAD. Badmaaxe loo baahan yahay in la ogaado oo la awoodo in ka sii badan intii askari, iyo diyaariyo badmaax wanaagsan ee loo qoranayo ama dhallinyarada gurmadka ahaa ma fududa - waxaa ku qaatay waqti badan.

Xukuumadda Soviet sidoo kale fahamsan this, iyo in 1940 taagay wiilasha uu dugsiga u gaar ah ee jasiiradda of Valaam. Haa, oo keliya si aad u hesho tababar fiican ardayda iyada ma haysan waqti - dagaalka ma ay sugin iyaga u. Waa maxay doorka wiilasha dugsiga Solovki ee? Tani waxay si dheeraad ah looga hadli doonaa.

oo waxmatarayaal ah bedelay

Valaam wiil qol ay ku dhinteen, ku dhowaad dhammaan (ka 200 oo qof oo ku nool ma jiraan in ka badan dersin), dagaalamayaan waxa loogu yeero "Nevsky Spot". Iyagu way is muujiyay in waddaniyiin iyo geesiyaal, laakiin ujeedada ugu weyn ee aan la soo dhammaysteen - ma noqon kartaa balliga tayo for Navy ah. Oo dhibaatada si degdeg ah sii kordhaya - sannadaha dagaalka hore badmaax oo la kulantay ayaa la dilay tirade, laguna beddelayo dagaalyahaniin ka meelaha durugsan, waligay ma arag badda, waxa ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn. musharax ma wanaagsan iyo aqoon yar - ma ay awoodaan in ay la qabsadaan technology markab halkii adag.

Maraakiibta diray hore u adeegi jireen kaydka, laakiin sidoo kale waxay lahaayeen wax badan oo daxalaystay, oo waa technology ma weli taagan. Dagaalyahaniin, kuwaas oo inta badan horay u yihiin iyo sidoo kale in ka badan soddon, in aan la tixgelin karo a xirfadlayaasha badmaax oo buuxa. Waxaa loo baahan yahay in la abuuro dugsi cusub tababarka ee badmaax oo u adeega ayaa laga yaabaa in dagaal iyo qabsadaan mishiino markabka.

amar Admiral ee aasaaska dugsiga

Go'aanka dhiganta waxaa loo sameeyey by Dadka USSR ee commissar ee Navy ah, Admiral NG Kuznetsov. Waxaa la odhan jiray ka dib markii hadda waa mid aad u caan Ruush xambaara dayuuradaha a, fulinta olole dhawaan xeebaha Suuriya. May 25, 1942, Admiral ayaa saxiixay amar on abuuritaanka wiilasha dugsiga ee Islands Solovetsky ah.

hay'ad waxay ahayd in la diyaariyo nin ee u gaarka ah SOFHURA ugu muhiimsan: shaqeeya raadiyaha, signalers, isteerinka, koronto, makaanik iyo Navy Boatswain.

Solovki ahaayeen haboon sababo dhowr ah - oo u dhow aagga howlgallada dagaal, iyo xad ammaan ah, oo saldhig farsamo nooc ka mid halkaas joogay, iyo dhismaha hore ee guri keniisad waxaa si fudud loogu talagalay fasallada iyo xeryaha. sannad dugsiyeedka ayaa la qorsheeyay in la bilaabo 1-dii September - sidaas waqti si ay u fuliyaan olole furitaanka iyo dejinta barnaamijyada shaqada. mutadawiciin Qorista waa kaliya iyada oo loo marayo urur Komsomol ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Admiral N. G. Kuznetsov si gaar ah u tilmaamay in ay si ardayda ma laga yaabaa in xubno ka mid ah Komsomol noqon.

Qasaya Heshiiskii Geneva

waa waxaan idinku leeyahay, qaar badan oo ka mid ah musharixiinta in wiil qol ka qaaday this Hadba Admiral hanti. Inkastoo si rasmi ah dugsiga ayaa qortaan dhalinyarada of 15-16 sano, laakiin mar laabka kala duwan waxaa ku jiray arday, daacad ah, mana gaadhin da'da Komsomol. In macnaha guud ee dagaalka waxaa ku jiray xaalado badan oo khasaaro ama waxyeello ah ee waraaqaha iyo Hubinta macluumaadka ma aha mid mar walba ay suuragal tahay. Wiil ugu da'da yaraa Solovetsky qol waqtiga galaan daraasadda lahaa oo kaliya ... 11 sano!

Haa, dhigay qol-wiil wiilasha 15-sano jirka ah (iyo sanad kadib ay la diray si ay ugu adeegaan!) Ma si cad lid ku ah xeerarka bini'aadminimo Geneva Convention wuxuu reebayaa isticmaalka adeeg ciidan si joogta ah dadka ka yar da'da 18 sano. Laakiin falalka kuwaas oo si buuxda u waafaqsan yihiin iksu mid ah anshax iyo dhalinyarada Soviet dadweynaha-kala nastay barbaro SOFHURA.

wiilasha Soviet ogaa hubaal, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay ku garaacdo fashiistaha si ay baabba 'dhammaystiran! Laakiin jiritaanka Heshiiskii Geneva, intooda badan oo ka mid ah wax fikrad ah kama iyo ma doonayaan in ay leeyihiin. Kuwii reer Midowga Soofiyeeti, kaas oo beddelay in baasaboorada sanadka cusub dhalashada 1925 si ay u 1923, in ay si dhakhso ah u hesho in ay hore, ama 11 sano, dhaartay in ay haystaan 15 tayada ugu weyn ee kala duwan waa wanaagsan yahay in kor loo qaado ilmo - jecel yihiin in ay noqdaan dadka waaweyn sida ugu dhaqsaha badan. Oo koraya ay si sax ah u fahamsan yahay - sida masuuliyadda, shaqada iyo waajibaadka.

tartanka arxan

Dhallinyaro ah oo ku USSR waxay ahayd mid aad u badan! Isu wiil hore qol ii sheegay in, tusaale ahaan, in Moscow, tilmaamaha maraakiibta 500 kursi on set ugu horeysay ee dhawr maalmood 3,500 codsiyada loo gudbiyey ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si adag u doortay. Baadi Tani - qaadan in dugsiyada Suvorov ama tababartayaasha dugsiga inta lagu jiro dagaalka uga diray si gaar ah guri la'aan. Sidaas daraaddeed, sidoo kale, waxaa jiray, laakiin keliya kuwa carruurta vagrant, in kaliya aan marxad dembi. More inta badan, musharaxiinta noqdaan shaqaalaha dhallinyarada ahaa oo jabhada yar iyo wiilashii regiments, iyo sidoo kale carruurta askarta dhintay.

Waxay ay ahayd in ay waxbarasho ugu yaraan 6 fasalada (lagu daabacay qaar ka mid ah u suurtagashay in ay hesho agagaarka xeerkan) iyo caafimaad wanaagsan (meesha ay ahayd mid dhib badan - Guddiga caafimaadka "duudduubay" kuwa badan). Waxaana ku bari jirtay tan iyo 9 ilaa 11 bilood, aad u daran, iyo barnaamijka kuma jiraan oo keliya anshaxa ee takhasuska, laakiin sidoo kale af Ruush, xisaabta, sayniska. Xitaa fuliyeen dugsiga qoob ka ah in dhaqanka ugu fiican ee maraakiibta Ruush (la oggayn ee xaqiiqda ah in tababartayaasha weli koraan saraakiishii - awood u leh inay cayaaraan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay waajib ah "xaq" oo ah sarkaal ka tirsan ciidamada badda). dhallinyarada loo tababaray noqdo pool tayo runtii qiimo leh.

veterans aqoonsi tababartayaasha dugsiga

tababartayaasha dugsiga Solovetsky Navy soo saaray 5 koob (3 intii lagu jiray dagaalka, iyo 2 kadib markii ay dhamaystirka - qalin kuwan waxaa inta badan u soo diray inay xirmeen, anigaa iska cad badda). Later, dugsiga lagu wareejiyay Kronstadt, iyo Solovki wiil qol ku dhamaaday - waxaa jiray Kronstadt.

School Solovki tababartayaasha intii lagu jiray dagaalka, sii daayay ah 4111 oo qof, ka dibna u adeegay oo dhan Maraakiibta (qaybiyey si adag in view of baahida loo qabo). ma ku dhawaad 1,000 tababartayaasha aan guriga ku soo noqdo, nolosha in difaaca ee hooyo ku siinayo. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ahaayeen ka shaqeeya raadiyaha, laakiin kasamraan garoomo dhowr ah, koronto iyo madaafiic. Waxay ahayd isteerinka, signalers iyo wakiillo ka kale u gaarka ah badda.

Inta badan maraakiibta ka qalin wiilasha dugsiga Solovki ayaa laga yaabaa in cadaato xubnaha kooxda ugu aqoon iyo tababaray (xiisadda shaqaalaha ku adkaystay ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka). Xaaladahan, xaalad wada socda - Wiil 16-17-sano jir u muuqday in doorka tababarayaasha iyo madaxda adeerkiis 40-sano jir ah. Dabcan, ma ay iloobin in ay xasuusiso jooge yungam, laakiin weli ka qeyb galay iimaanka wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay dhallinyarada gurmadka ka weyn ayaa weli si fiican u soo xusuustay xilli ciyaareedkii si ay u la baabi'iyo qoris la'aanta dadka waaweyn, marka macalimiinta iyo ayeeyooyinka, sidoo kale, waxay ahaayeen Horseedka 10-sano jir ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, ayaa baxriyiintii Soviet ay si fiican u fahamsan yahay: dhallinyarada - macnaheedu ma aha in yar oo aqoon.

Waxaan iyaga oo aan abaal aad u raalli ka ah, laakiin abaal. graduate Solovetsky V. Moiseenko 1945 waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Hero horyaalka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Sasha Kovalev (! Waxa aan ahaa xataa Alexander - Sasha) Haddaan Order ee Star Cas iyo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida; badan oo la siiyay bilado. Laakiin aqoonsi guudahaan kiiska ma horumariyaan. Ilaa 1985 wiilka qol Solovki oo aan lagu tixgelinin xataa qaybgalayaasha Patriotic War weyn! Waxaa uu ahaa qarinta ah ula kac ah xaqiiqda ah ee aqbalo intaas oo dhaartii military (malaha eeda Geneva Convention oo dhan isku mid ah, kaas oo waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd si ay u qariyaan shan iyo toban sannadood ah saraakiishii). adkaysasho oo keliya ee Marshal Akhromeeva ogol yahay in la saxo cadaalad ah.

Laakiin xusuusta ku adkaystay iyadoon loo eegeyn cajalad cas maamul. Horeba 1972 (guuradii 30-aad ee dugsiga) bilaabay inuu u muuqdaan ka taxadiri ugu horeysay ee wiilasha ka Solovki, iyo waxa uu noqday shir dhaqameed tababartayaasha hore.

walaaltinimo oo isu

Waxaa xusid mudan in ka mid ah tababartayaasha, kuwaas oo ka badbaaday dagaalka, waxa ay ahayd dad badan oo multi-talented, dad badan ayaa gaari kala duwan ee u gaarka ah.

Vladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin iyo N. Usenko nolosha oo dhan kor u xidhxidhnaa leh raxan ah, anigoo goor wanaagsan ay u kala horreeyaan u Admiral, Admiral Rear iyo Captain 2 darajo. Saddexdan badmaax oo dagaalka ka dib la helay horyaalka ee Hero of Midowga Soofiyeeti xaalado kala duwan. Afar Qalinjabiyeyaasha kale la siiyay Star of the Hero of Socialist Labour.

I. K. Peretruhin doortay adeeg ciidan meel kale - noqday sarkaal ee counterintelligence. Isagu wuxuu isu tusay wiilkii qol ah iyo kuwa go'aansaday in la beddelo qaabka uu kula cap on joog rayidka ah. BT Shtokolov kasbaday horyaalka ee Artist Dadka ee USSR ah - waxay ahayd oo gabayaa ahaa opera caan ah, khadadka Bass jilaa. V. V. Leonov ayaa xiddig ee daraasiin filimada; Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa uu ahaa Bard ah, jilaa hiwaayadda of songs isaga u gaar ah. GN Matyushin diriray ilaalinta ee taariikhda dalka hooyo uu si xoog leh sidii ay u ilaaliyaan ka soo furtay cadowga - archeologists heshay horyaalka ee academician. VG Guzanov qoray qabnay, waayo, filimada iyo buugaagta; Waxa kale oo isna wuxuu sameeyey wax badan oo in la dhiso xiriirka Ruush-Japanese dhaqanka, loo aqoonsaday waxbarashada Japanese ku takhasusay. Qaar ka mid ah buugaagta uu yihiin Japanese qoran.

Laakiin ugu balaadhan looga yaqaan ayaa helay mid ka mid ah dembiilayaasha aad u xumaa ee Heshiiskii Geneva. Valentin Savich Pikul markii galaya sanad dugsiyeedka Solovetsky yeeleen ayuu naftiisa u. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu dhali waajib dagaalka, laakiin qaddar ahaa wanaagsan - badmaaxa yar oo ka badbaaday. Later V. S. Pikul caanka ah sida laga yaabaa in qoraaga ugu caansan Soviet iyo Ruush takhasusay tixaha taariikhiga ah. akhristayaasha Soviet (guud ahaan koolkoolin suugaanta wanaagsan) ahaayeen ay guushu ku buugaagta uu safka iyo iyaga saari naftaada on Abley. Isla mar ahaantaana ku dhowaad kala bar ah tixaha jidka Pikul ama mid kale, laakiin la xiriira in theme badda.

buug ku saabsan Boys wiilasha dugsiga Solovki ee 'bay siteen "

Ha illoobin ah qoraa iyo dhalinyarada duufaan Solovki. wuxuu u go'ay novel ah "Boys siteen" si ay saaxiibo uu wiilasha dugsiga iyo aayahooda walwalsan. Waxa uu ku tilmaamay noloshii iyo qaddar ee dugsiga Solovki qalin ay shuqulladooda iyo VG Guzanov.

Haddii shuqullo kuwan waa tababartayaasha hore waa suugaanta muhiimad taariikh ahaaneed, waxaa jira caan ah oo la keeno in qofka dhallinyarada ah ee xasuusta maalintii la joogo ku saabsan loogana facooda. In buugga "baddii baa ku soo wacaya geesi ah" waxaa la siin karaa tusaale. Waxaa xusid mudan in uu daabacay Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl halkaas, iyo meesha Solovki ah!

taariikhda tababartayaasha dugsiga Solovki ka muuqatay shineemada Soviet - filimka ku salaysan waxa on, "Young ayaa Northern Fleet" ayaa laga duubay.

Xasuusta dhagax dugsiga caanka ah

Macluumaadkaan waxaa xooggan ayaa sidoo kale ku hayaa feat istaahila jaakadaha geesiyaal dhallinyarada. Taalladaas ugu horeeyay ee u muuqday on Solovki oo lagu sharfayo guuradii 30-aad ee dugsiga. Wiilkii yaraa hore qol intii naftooda dhisay, on iyaga u gaar ah oo ay kharashka u gaar ah.

Later, ka dib markii aqoonsiga rasmiga ah ee Jung Solovki ee veterans of War Great Patriotic, si ay u sii hurin iyaga xusuustooda ay ku lug lahaayeen labada dawladda iyo dadweynaha guud. In Moscow ee 1995, waxaa jiray meel tababartayaasha Solovki. In 1993, halkaas tiir xusuus ah u badmaax dhallinyarada dhigay on xeebta ah ee Northern Dvina ah, iyo in 2005 - on magacaabay aagga sharaf ay (labada kiis ee, qoraaga hadlay sculptor F. Sogayan).

Laakiin taallo ugu xiiso u taagan in dayrka of mid ka mid ah dugsiyada Moscow (hadda - "Vertical" gymnasium). Waxa uu u muuqday sanadkii 1988, iyo qoraaga mashruuca sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa graduate ah Solovetsky ah - artist E. N. Goryachev. Moscow School oo noqday caan ku tahay isagoo abuuray museum horeysay tababartayaasha Solovetsky ee dalka - iyadoo la kaashanayo veterans ee naftooda iyo xamaasad macalinka iyo ardayga. Waa in la ogaadaa in door muhiim ah oo uu ururka soo ciyaaray Komsomol a - shuuciga Midowga Dhalinyarada ku hawlan ma aha oo kaliya in dacaayad, laakiin sidoo kale (ilaa xad ka weyn) waxbarasho moral oo waddani ah. Museum muuqday 1983, iyo ilaa 2012 waxaa loo madax Captain 1aad Rank (Cel) N. V. Osokin - ka Solovetsky Jung hore.

"Marna sameeyey Waxaan qabaa, saaxiibo, in on yungah museum furan", - ku qoray Bard Munaasabaddan V. V. Leonov. Uu gabay noqday hal ku dhiga ah ee machadkan u gaar ah.

Happy Guuradii, saaxiibo!

In 2017, sannad-guuradii 75aad ee ka tababartayaasha dugsiga Solovki. Damaashaadka ku saabsan mowduuca lagu qabtay Moscow, Arkhangelsk iyo, dabcan, on Solovki. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, qaddar ee ardayda hore (13 iyaga ka mid ah ay hadda ku nool yihiin arhangelogorodschine) iyo dugsiga naftii Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung iyo hogaaminta waa mid aad u xiiso. In xaflad oo shir ku qabtay shir dhaqameed xusuus ah ka qalin-yar ee haray. Maamulka gobolka bilaabay hadalka ku saabsan baahida loo qabo in la abuuro in museum Solovki iyo xusuus.

Run ahaantii - Solovetsky Islands, halkaas oo wiilasha dugsiga ee ku noolaa, waa in ay ka xishoon in saaraysa waxay siiyeen weydey Moscow. Gaar ahaan hadda in hoggaanka hadda keniisad Solovetsky iska leh hindisaha si ay u abuuraan Jung Museum la faham iyo taageero. Waayo, sida sabab wanaagsan suufiyadoodii heshiin a yar "dhaqaaqo" oo la moodo gargaar kasta ee shaqada sayniska iyo urureed.

Iyo waxa uu xitaa noqon karaa unkayo iyo iskuulka laftiisa. Madaxweynaha Russia diray dalab inay Solovki wareejiyo dhismeedka qaar ka mid ah Marine arday Corps in ay mar kale ku maxkamadaha Ruush ahaayeen geesinimada wiil qol Solovki. Bal yaa og. Waxaa laga yaabaa in sheekada ah tababartayaasha caanka dugsiga Solovetsky ma aha in ka badan ...