Dhirta spore: tusaalooyin, qaababka, noocyo kala duwan oo

Cilmi barasho dhir ku caashaqa oo dhoola walaacsan markuu dhagaysanayo halyeeyada ku saabsan habeenkii Ivan Kupala. Sidee baan u heli karaa ubax, Fern ah? Yaa waa in, guud ahaan, waxaan la iman? Sidee baan u heli karaa wax kasoo marnaba jirey ee dabiiciga ah?

dabiiciga ah oo badan ayaa ku caashaqay kala qaybsan yihiin on dhirta ubax iyo noocyada cryptogamic. dhirta Cryptogamic spore loo yaqaan, tusaale u ah oo looga doodayo in article maanta.

dhirta spore: sal-dhigida ugu horeysay

Bal aan ka bilowno sharaxaad kooban yaqaano. Erayga "muranka" nooga yimid luqada Giriigga. Turjumay waxa ay ka dhigan tahay "abuur" ama "abuur." Waa formation aad u yar kuwaas oo size - oo ku saabsan 1 micron.

Waxa asaasay dhirta spore muddo dheer. Dhab ahaantii, waxay - toos ka soo farcamay oo ka mid ah flora, taas oo ka soo baxay badda ilaa dalkii. By dhirta spore-sidda ma aha oo kaliya, Fern ah. Qubarada ayaa iyagii u kala qaybiyey laba qaybood: sare iyo hoose. In category ugu horeysay - ferns, Muuse kooxda, horsetails iyo ajada. In labaad - algae iyo lichens.

wareegga nolosha dhirta spore

Haddii aan ka hadlo noolaha spore sare, waxay leeyihiin xiiso leh wareegga nolosha. Halkan waxa aad ka arki kartaa iskhilaafka shaqsiyaadka galmada iyo asexual ee noocyada. Iyadoo la raacayo, dhalmo, waxay ku xiran tahay noocyada ugu, waa galmada ama asexually. The wareegga nolosha oo dhan waa joogtee. Warshad samaysa gametophyte ah (xubnaha taranka galmada) iyo sporophyte ah (xubin faafin ah asexual).

Evolution ayaa loo ogol yahay in la horumariyo noocyada dhirta laba jiho. Waxaan helay laba kooxood oo ballaadhan, haploid iyo diploid. Isagoo tilmaamaya dhirta spore ah, tusaalooyin ka mid ah kuwaas oo ah koox haploid - Muuse, saynisyahano waxay caddaysteen in ay leeyihiin gametophyte a more horumaray galmada. sporophyte Haploid in kooxda uu leeyahay xaaladda a hoose. Diploid jihada spore noolaha (horsetail iyo ferns) ayaa sporophyte ah u horumaray si xoog iyo gametophyte sida prothallia.

Qarni Galmada had iyo jeer waxay leedahay antheridia iyo archegonium. Waa lab iyo dhaddig xubnaha. motility shahwada Lab, unugyada jinsiga ee haweenka Waa ma guurto ah. On taas oo ay gaari karaan in goolka iyada dilaacday, shahwada ayaa si aad u hesho galay deegaanka biyaha. Noocyada dilaacday ukunta embriyaha ah oo ka kaas oo germinates jiilka asexual, i.e. sporophyte. Marxaladda xigta ee taranta dhici doonaa kudka in ay horumariyaan galay sporangia.

muuqaalada

Ma aha qof kasta waa og yahay sida in la kala saaro dhirta spore ah. Tusaalooyinka sababaynta on arrintan u ekaan karaan sidan oo kale:

1. dhirta spore ma aha ee ubaxyada. noocyada Tani ma aha bayoloji awood ubax.
2. Leedahay wareeg nolosha gaarka ah. taranka haweenka iyo asexual.
3. adagtahay ee labka iyo galmada, iyada oo aan jiritaanka biyo.

Haddii saddex sifooyinka soo jireenka ah si geedka ka walaacsan, waa nooc ka mid ah spore.

dhirta spore: ferns

Waa adag tahay in la helo qof ayaa waligay ma arag, Fern ah. Warshad Tani qadiimiga ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa decoration ah jardiinooyinka iyo beeraha. ferns geed- yihiin koray oo dheryay ku, iyo kaynta ku socda kuwii ku caashaqi jiray marar badan arkay jiqda, Fern xaqse oo cagaar ah.

All ferns heysatay pinnatisected caleemo xarunta. Kuwani spore-dhirta (ferns) waa sporangia ugu caan ah. meesha maydadka kuwan - underside ee caleemaha.

Wixii macluumaad ku dar in ferns ee dabiiciga ah wax ka badan toban kun. All kala duwan this marka la isku daro in 300 genera.

Dhismaha dhirta spore ah by tusaale ahaan ka mid ah Muuse

Muuse loo saarin karaa in noocyada ugu heer hoose ah dhirta sare. All faafinta Moss qoyska - waa yaryar ee size aan wakiilada dhar ah tabinta. Qeybtu waxay galay stem iyo ka dhigeysa in Muuse shuruud. Kuwaas waxaa la yaab leh spore-dhirta - tusaale u ah xirfadaha si ay qabsanayeen xaaladda dabiiciga ah.

Sidaas daraaddeed, jirka ajada keeneysa la qaybsan stem, caleemaha iyo xididdada. Haa, xididdada geedka this waxaa lagu bedelaa outgrowths filamentous - rhizoids. Ay farqiga ugu weyn ee ka soo xididdada dhabta ah - maqnaanshaha dhar tabinta. In ajada kasta rhizoid - mid ka mid ah ama ka badan unugyada nool.

Muuse dareemayaa wanaag meelo kaneecada, ee hooska ama qoyan. Muuse firfircoon uga uumi qoyaan, laakiin ilaa wixii ka khasaaroobay ee dusha sare geedka oo dhan. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhirta spore u baahan yihiin biyo si nooc ka mid ah noocyada of Muuse waa in ay sugaan soo baxay muddo abaarta awoodaan, waxay xataa loo habeeyey si ay u noolaadaan goobaha dhagax. Sida ay dhacdo, waxaa si buuxda ma ay garan.

galmada - qarniga xukuma ajada. Sporophyte gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan gametophyte ah.

Khilaafka waxaa laga yaabaa in aan la aasaasay on caleemaha sida Fern ah, sida ka baxo isu yihiin halkii caadiga ah. Ujeeddooyinkan, Muuse habeeyey kaabsal spore, Dhuur badan galmada gametophyte ku lugta-yo.

feature A of Muuse tixgeliyo suurtagalnimada of faafinta daaqsinka. Geedi socodka ku lug kelyaha iyo qanjira. Haddii qaybaha daaqsinka laga soocaa geedka ugu weyn, ay ku horumarineyso galay shaqsi madax banaan.

A yar oo ku saabsan foomamka hoose

Waxaan ku qorin doonaa dhammaan dhirta spore hoose. Tusaale ahaan in ay yihiin xiiso leh si ay u sharxaan - algae. dhirta, kuwaas oo aan ahayn tiradiisu tahay sida ferns iyo lichens, ee in yar ka badan boqol iyo cayn. Habitat ee flora - biyaha. Algae aadan haysan caleemaha iyo xididdada. Ku xiran yihiin dhulka ama dhagaxyo oo qabsatooyinkooduna hufan. Algae kala qaybsan yihiin oo ku saabsan 11 waaxyada, 4 ka mid ah oo nin ayaa bartay in ay isticmaalaan si ay faa'iido.