Ciidamada Red counter-weerar ku dhow Moscow. Moscow Back weerar

Underestimation cadowga - had iyo jeer qalad weyn xataa garoonka kubada cagta, in aan ku xuso dagaal weyn. In dadaal lagu doonayo in badiyeen Midowga Soofiyeeti in wakhtiga ugu gaaban suurogal, in ay ogaadaan blitzkrieg waxa loogu yeero, amarka sare ee Nazi Germany ka buuxay. The guulaha ugu horeysay soo jeestay madaxa Wehrmacht ah: Ciidamada Jarmal u dhow Moscow ku dhowaad ahaayeen dhamaadka xagaaga, iyo waa in uu Hitler u maleeyeen in trick la sameeyo. Laakiin caasimadda ahaa mid aad u adag isaga for. Waxa ay ahayd mid kuwa dhibcood jeestay in ay si qoto dheer bedelay dabcan dagaalka iyo bixisay March guul of German horyaalka ceeb, kaas oo ku dhammaaday is miidaamin ah ee Fuhrer ka.

Marka dhulka ka hor isku bedbedeli doono

Horeba dagaal u daalay oo dib u gurasho joogto ah Army Cas loo moodayay in ay dareemaan, sida ay Jarmalka, burburka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, naasiga waxay isku daalay. Wax alla wixii khasaare ama waday Ciidamada Soviet, geesinimada si ay u diidaan in ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn. Ka dib markii si lama filaan ah ee maalmood ee ugu horreeya dagaalka ee inch kastaaba dalkiisa hooyo ee, Army Cas rogaal diriray.

Difaaca geesinimada ah ee magaalada (sida Mogilev halyeeyga) - caddayn ugu fiican. istareexsan The oo Jarmalka bari dhaqaaqay, muuqatay in siyaabo badan. khasaaraha ahaayeen weyn, laakiin Wehrmacht ee la rumaysan yahay in daafacyada of Moscow ku jiraan xaalad ah ka sii niyad jabsan. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in bilowga jiilaalka, waxaa caddaatay in hore la soo taagay, ciidamada waxaa lagu kala firdhiyey, Jarmalka weli loogu tala galay in ay qaado weerar dhow Moscow: qabashada magaalada ahayd muhiim ah in aan military oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale cilmi nafsiga.

Xukuumadda Soviet fahamsan khataraha, oo waxaa iska cad in fikradda ah in la sameeyo tusaale ahaan ka mid ah Kutuzov - magaalada gubaan oo u dhiibo in cadowgu ku - in maskaxda qaarkood ku wareegtay, iyo arrin qalafsan. Back ee hore October, waxaa jiray qorshe ah inuu wax baabbi'iyo Metro Moscow ee: station loogu talagalay si ay u wiiqaan, qalabka - si ay u kala furfuraan, baabuurta - qaadato xaggiisa dambe. On October 15, Shaqaalaha Guud ee Difaaca qaatay go'aan ku saabsan qaxidda ee caasimadda iyo 16 ee markii ugu horeysay (oo kaliya) kama muuqan ee taariikhda metro Moscow ee. food magaalada xanta tallaabo gadaal ka mid ah dadweynaha hadalladaas.

Amar ku bixiyay in burburinta dhulka hoostiisa ah ayaa la baajiyay fiidkii 16 October: Stalin go'aansaday inuu sii joogo. Dhanka kale, hore ee kiiska wali aan si fiican u socdaan. Waxaa la sheegay xalkaas fashiistaha la kulmay bishii December 1941, u dhow Moscow, ayna u muuqatay in Wehrmacht ahaa oo ku saabsan in ay qaataan dadaal kama dambays ah oo ay hubisaa in ay guul. Dhab ahaantii, waxaa soo baxay soo haddii kale. Aan doonayn in la siiyo ilaa USSR ah u iishay bararto kasta. Front kala kumanaan kilomitir, iyo iyadoo ay jirto in ciidamada ugu weyn Jarmalka ayaa ku urursan oo kaliya in ay bari (si ay u noqoto qof daacad ah, Europe waxaa aan aad u caabiyay), dhammaadka xilliga dayrta, waxa caddaatay in impudence in ay ka adkaan Midowga Soofiyeeti ku guuldareystay.

Diyaarinta ee sannadka

Dhanka kale , ee Soviet amarka ma lumin haddiyadda wakhtiga iyo diyaarinta ah oo baaxad weyn oo counter-weerar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Red dhow Moscow. Xitaa dhexe ee xilliga dayrta, ma in xaaladaha wanaagsan halkaas oo ay dagaallo xooggan ka dhaceen, Taliska Sare helay hab si ay u abuuraan balli ciidammada dersin oo xoogee horeba dagaal. Isla mar ahaantaana dareenka lagu bixiyey in xaqiiqda ah in ciidamada cusub ma yihiin si ay isku difaacaan, laakiin ka gees ilaa xad ah. Waxay aad u dheeli qaatay, iyo saraakiil ka helay amar cad in rag uu dagaal weerar diyaariyo.

By dayrta goor dambe, waxa caddaatay in Wehrmacht ka ciyaaray soo baxay, ka hor si degdeg ah hoos u soo galla, iyo jiida qaar ka mid ah hore, ciidamada Soviet u suurtagashay in ay geeystaan khasaaraha dhab ah naasiga ah, qasbaya inay iska ilaawaan dabaal dhaw ee qabashada Moscow. qaababka Soviet noqday adkeeyay meelaha loo moodayay in ay u dhaqmaan. Xoogaystay midigta iyo xanjaadka u hadhay reer galbeedka Front ah, taas oo loogu tala galay door hogaamineed howlgalka socda, waayo, tusaale ahaan, in ka badan saddex meelood laba ka mid ah diyaaradaha dhammaan waxa ku lug leh ee Moscow, tagaa si ay u caawiyaan Zhukov.

howlgal bilowday Successful

Waxa muhiim ahayd in la ogaado marka aad u bilowdo a counter-weerar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Red dhow Moscow, oo waa inaan sheegaa in xaalkan amarkii Soviet ahaa talanti military u fiican. Sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan, hogaamiyaha military cajiib ah yaa garanaya sida loo sameeyo go'aano degdeg ah oo keliya ma aha, laakiin sidoo kale si sax ah. In hore jiilaalka, xaaladaha ahaayeen ma noqon karaan kuwo ka guul badnaan doonaan. line loo baahan yahay ee qaab-dhismeedka difaaca ma jirin, iyo amarka ku haboon ayaa la helay (u tegi doonaa, laakiin kaliya on December 8, marka ciidamada weerar ku dhow Moscow socday muddo saddex maalmood ah, iyo waqtiga qaaliga ah waxaa rajo laga badiyay).

Under qorshaha hawlgalka si Front Western ahaa in ay geeystaan taxane ah oo gacan qaad ku celiya Risqigooda cadowga ku midig iyo bidix (jihada of Solnechnogorsk, Istra, Klin, Bogoroditsk iyo unugyada) ah.

The xeryahooda ee Front Koonfur-ku lahaa in aan xoojinno on dace, iyo hadii ay ku guulaystaan, waxaa horumar Orel. hore saddexaad, ka qayb qaadanaya hawlgalka, - Kalininskij - heleen howlgalka dagaalka in ay u dhaqaaqaan iyo dejinta Mikulino Turginovo rajo ka dambeeyo khadadka cadowga.

Air Force ayaa sidoo kale soo wajahay shaqo adag: on gacanta ku hal, si ay u taageeraan dagaal Soviet dhow Moscow, oo dhinaca kale ah - in ay magaalada ka qaraxyo ah in ay noqdaan dad la yaqaan in ay dadka deegaanka on maalinta koowaad ee dagaalka ka ilaaliyaan. On diyaaradda waxaa loo xilsaaray sida hawlaha sirdoonka muhiim ah. Guud ahaan, BBC-da ayaa door muhiim ah ka howlgalka, in qayb badan oo loo ogaado natiijada dagaalka.

Miisaanku ciidamada

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in sidii loo xoojin lahaa oo dhan saddex furimood ku lugta lahaa howgalka, waxa la siiyey mudnaan sareeya, Fadilmo ee naasiga weli cad. Ciidamada Soviet ahaayeen liita ee tirada iyo (gaar ahaan) hubka.

weerar kooxda qubo waxay ahayd lix boqol oo kun oo shaqaalaha ka yar (1.7 - fashiistaha, 1.1 - Army Cas), oo kaliya 7,6 kun oo qoryaha iyo madaafiic ka dhanka ah 13.5 kun Jarmalka, 774 taangiyada ka dhanka ah .. 1.17 kun cadowga.. Fadilmo ahayd oo keliya in duulimaadyada: diyaarado Jarmal - 615 Soviet - 1000. Laakiin xataa marisay duusha oo cadarkii marisay goob joog ka ahaa, maxaa yeelay, in ka badan kala badh (oo ku saabsan 53%) ka mid ah diyaaradaha Ciidanka Cas waxay ahaayeen wakiillo ka beddelka jirka, aan aad u wax ku ool ah,.

dhabarjab ugu weyn ee lagu sameeyay ka xanjaadka u of Jarmal "Center" ee. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii muddada dheer ay ku jireen ugu danyarta ah: ku dhowaad dhammaan dhinacyada ku hareereysan ciidamo Soviet.

dharbaaxo lama filaan ah

kaarka Trump ahaa lama filaan ah: bilowgii a counter-weerar cadowgu ku jiray dhameystiran lama filaan ah. Waa in la sheegay in ay diyaar weerarka lagu qaaday in sirta adag, mana jiraan Jarmalka mana hab ama nasiib ay u raadin baxay qorshayaasha heerka Soviet.

khubaro militari oo Large - shisheeye labadaba gudaha iyo - aqoonsadaan in Moscow weerar Back badanaa suurto by bilowga aad loogu guulaystay hawlgalka. Dhegaya ciidamada cadowga ee ay dhammaatey, lahaa waqti lahayn in ay ka qallafin. qaabeynta ee safka hore, kaas oo xanjaadka u cadowga ayaa lagu shiidaa hareereeyeen, siiyey fursad ugu weyn ee ciidamada Cas - oo waxay ka faa'ideysatay oo ka mid ah.

Midkii kowaad wuxuu on December 5, ee madowga predawn, dhuftay xiriir Kalinin Front, maalinta ku xigta, oo ay taageerayaan ciidamada oo ka mid ah reer galbeedka iyo Koonfur. Markii hore u dhaqaaqay si tartiib ah soo maray Jarmalka u suurtagashay in ay soo rogaan ka soo horjeeda wanaagsan dagaalamaya dhibic kasta oo deyr leh. Dhaqdhaqaaqa joogsaday oo kayd baraf cad u qalantaa in ay u guuraan ka track tuman, oo dhaqdhaqaaq uu noqonayaa mid aad u dhibaato. Complicating arrimaha for xaqiiqada ah in Battle of Moscow ee 1941-1942. Waxa uu ahaa weerar ugu horeysay ee weyn ee Army Cas: askari Soviet hor abid helaan ilaa xad waayo-aragnimo ka soo horjeeda, ma inuu kuugu adeego sidii gashiga awoodaan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guutooyinkiisii cadowga in ay hoos u soo baxay - inkastoo dhib iyo allabari weyn. Maalintii ugu horraysay ee la dagaalanka qaar ka mid ah xeryahooda ahaa awoodaan in ay ka gudbaan Volga iyo hanjabo gadaal cadowga.

dhiso guusha

counter-weerar oo ka tirsan ciidamada Red dhow Moscow waxay bilaabeen inay si degdeg ah loo kordhiyo xawaaraha maalintii labaad ka dib markii la aasaasay. 1-dii iyo 30-kii Army ayaa u dhaqaaqin arrin xawli jihada of Klina, 20 Anigu waan eryan cadowga jihada of Solnechnogorsk iyo 16 - in Istra ah. Weli si guul leh u dhaqaaqaan Tula. Ciidamada 10th, oo ay taageerayaan ku duufso ciddaad taangiyada si lama filaan ah si deg deg ah horumarinta on Stalinogorsk.

Horumarinta degdeg ah ayaa keenay jahawareer ka mid ah madaxda sare ilaa haatan caato ah cadowga, darradaas aan la jabin karin. Ha ka filin iska caabin ah oo cad in Midowga Soofiyeeti, Hitler ma ahayn diyaar inay si dhakhso ah oo si sax ah uga jawaab. Natiijada waxa ay aheyd Moscow a Back weerar. Kaliya 8 December si Fuhrer ah, sida ay iyagu yidhaahdaan, ogaaday in guulaha legdinta cadowga - arrin ma aha mar mar iyo random, laakiin si taxadir leh loo qorsheeyay oo si fiican loo diyaariyey. Tirada Directive 39, wuxuu si toos ah uu ciidamada geesiyaasha dhaqaaqo daafaca ah oo dhan Eastern Front.

Sababta failure of qorshe himilo inuu u soo yeedho oo dhan jiilaalka isla halyeeyga Ruush, oo xataa Napoleon yaabaa waxyaabo badan oo xiiso leh u sheeg. Her weerar Herr Adolf sabab qaar loo yaqaan "dhicis ah", Iyadoo lagu tilmaamayo dhibaato ee sahayda, taas oo ah sababta dagaalka ee Moscow oo uu guul no. Qaado weerar ku amray koox kaliya "South" Army, iyo in haddii cimiladu waa sahla. Laakiin dhaxan 41aad ma gaadho 6 darajo ee November, Oo dhaxanta waxay ahayd oo keliya bilowga December (wuxuu ahaa 28 digrii ka hooseeya eber), laakiin sida ay yidhaahdaan, berrinka waa isku mid u ah oo dhan. Haddaba waxay ahayd dhicis ah in ay ka hadlaan jiilaalka December 5 bartey ma arrin sax ah.

In dooxooyinka iyo buuraha dushooda

Dhanka kale, horay u sii waday, balse aanu ku qancin la xawaaraha ee Xarunta Sare. Markaas waxaa la go'aamiyay inay fiiro yar in ururkii, dagaalo aynu, u hesho Socda Ciidamada Jarmal oo keeni naxdintii kedis ah xaggiisa dambe. unugyada Mobile, si gaar ah sameeyay in tiro ka mid ah ciidammadooda, aad buu u badiyey hufnaan ku saabsan: Ciidanka Red counter-weerar ku dhow Moscow, waxay ahayd ka badan ayaa lagu guuleystay. Haddaba, meel kasta oo deyr leh ayaa nasasiiyay, iyo fogaadaa iyada oo loola cararay weerarka, taasoo ka dhigeysa ururkii Jarmal ee gadaalka dambe ee guriga, halkaas oo uu qaddar hore laga shaabadeeyey.

Waayo, afar maalmood, laga bilaabo 6 ilaa 10 December, ciidamada Soviet xoreeyay dhowaad konton degsiimooyinka. Dad badan oo taangiyada, hubka, gawaarida iyo mootooyinka tuuray Socda cadaawayaashooda.

December 13 Sovinformburo ugu dambeyntii waxay ahayd in la yidhaahdo wax wacan in muwaadiniinta ay awoodaan. Warka wanaagsan, dabcan, kiciyey niyadda Ciidanka Cas iyo dhiiri rajaynayaa in dadka rayidka ah, taas oo daba socday ay horumar leh oo neefta bated.

Guusha weyn aheyd guushii maxalliga ah ee Kalinin, halkaas oo th Army 31 ahaa awoodaan in ay gebi ahaanba ka gooyay jidka oo dhan si ay fariin Nazi ah. Marka Army 30-ka mid ah Front Western u yimid ayaa ku dhow inay p. Lama, Jarmalka tagay magaalada, ka cabsada Buuloburde ayaa.

Dhiirigelinayaa by guusha, ciidamada Soviet sida cadowga napoddat in dib u gurasho galay isriixidda noqotay, ku dhowaad qalabka oo dhan ku jiray gacmaha askari Soviet. December 16, Kalinin ayaa gacanta ku Army Cas.

guulaha Local guul istiraatiiji ah

Hal bil ka dib markii bilowgii weerar, January 7, 1942, ee la xidhiidha Kalinin Front in Rzhev, Selizharovo iligna yimid by qaadashada goob istiraatiiji ah xagga woqooyi u cidhiidhiga ah ee kooxda Jarmal "Center".

Successful ahaayeen falalka Front Galbeed, kaas oo, soo kabsaday iska caabin ah, iyo mararka qaarkood kuwo ku kulul, ku eegan hore u socda. December 12 daayay Solnechnogorsk, 15 - waslad, 20 - Volokolamsk.

niyadda oo ka mid ah inta badan Socda baxo badan waxaa loo doonayaa. Sida muuqata, ma aan micne lahayn, December 16 Hitler helay waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si ay u kaabaan u gaar ah tirada dardaaran 39 si oo u dardaarmay inay difaacaan ah "adkeysiga xagjirnimada" qabsaday dhamaan kharashka iyo wixii la mid ah. D.

haddii si ay u dhaqmaan, ama Germany si kaskooda ku yimid, laakiin waxay ku guulaysteen inay soo galaan a xuduuda dabiiciga ah ee webiyaasha Lama iyo Ruza. All isku dayo ayaa ku guuldareysatay in ay ka gudbaan iska caabin ah. Ciidamada Red wuxuu lahaa inaan halkaas joogo iyo galaan ah ee jagooyinka ka guulaystay.

Jabhada lahaa caawinaad weyn, iyada oo aan taas guusha ee Moscow la siin karaa wax badan oo culus. Waxay weeraray kooxda Nazi ka Socda, baabbi'innay bakhaarada Jarmal, sameeyay sahan, helitaanka warbixin qiimo leh.

On garabka bidix ee Front Galbeed, ciidanka bilaabay weerar baaxad weyn oo loo qaaday dhinaca of Kaluga - xarun weyn oo gaadiidka. Waxaa cad in natiijada noocan oo kale ah ma ku habboon Jarmalka. Command "Center", go'aanka waxaa loo sameeyey inay soo galaan a on Oka iyo qaban line ee kharashka oo dhan, sida, runtii, iyo u sheegay cadcad Fuehrer ee.

Liberation ka shaqo

Zhukov si fiican waxa dhici doona ogaa, sidaas darteed amar ku bixiyay inay ku baaqaan in cadowga, ma jidaynayey isaga nasiyo iyo inay soo galaan ah. In koorsada of howlgalka dagaalka 49aad Army, gudbid iska caabin ah ee naasiga ah, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay Tarusa on 19 December. Waxa suurtagashay in aan mar - xataa lahaa in ay si lama filaan ah ku dhacay ka dib.

Dhanka kale, ciidamada 50aad gudubtay in Kaluga. unit mobile Advanced loola cararay magaalada weli December 21, laakiin kooxda Jarmalka kuma aannu dhalan shalay. Just sagaal maalmood ka dib, on December 30, Kaluga waxaa si wadajir ah la sii daayay by ciidammadii 49aad iyo 50aad.

By 8 January ayaa la sii daayay Kozelsk, Belev, Meshchovsk iyo boqolaal ka mid ah degsiimooyinka kale oo yar yar. unugyada Army Red cabsila'aan ku gudbeen Oka ah. The Battle of Moscow (1942), ayaa lagu guuleystay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa weli sano oo sano oo dagaal.

Ha da'a ah ambixi de Asluubta askari kuwaas oo la diriray in ciidammadii reer Front Koonfur-Galbeed ee. Toban maalmood ka dib bilowgii hawlgalka, waxay sii boqol kiiloomitir galbeed oo gaaray bangiga webiga. Kshen, qabsaday boqolaal cutub oo qalab military cadowga. Ku dhowaad afar boqol oo magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka (oo ay ku jiraan dace iyo Efremov), laga takhaluso shaqo.

Dabcan, Jarmalka aan la socday in ay is dhiibaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 26 December, waxay ka tageen Naro-Fominsk, 28 th - Balabanovo, Jan. 2 - Maloyaroslavets, iyo 4-daba Borovsk.

The natiijada iyo muhiimadda ay leedahay in dagaalka

By January 8, 1942 Battle of Moscow, ee gaaban, ayaa lagu guuleystay, iyo xaliyay guuleystay. Ciidamada gaaray xudduud ka Selizharovo - Ruza - Mtsensk Jarmalka iyo celcelis ahaan 200 km tuuray ka Moscow. Sidaas darteed hawlgalka ayaa la sii daayay ka badan kun degsiimooyinka, jawiga waxa uu noqday wax aan macquul aheyn Tula. Muddo bil ah, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo socday dagaalka ee Moscow, Jarmalka khasaare wayn - in ku dhow laba boqol oo kun oo shaqaalaha (168 kun oo keliya. Ciidamada Ground). 11 taangiyada iyo in ka badan labaatan kooxihii lugta waxaa loo jebiyey.

xaalad muhiim u ah guusha uu ahaa isuduwidda wanaagsan oo ka mid ah saddex furimood oo diyaarad taageero - ka dibna amarka ayaa muujisay tayo iyo tababar heer sare ah.

askari Soviet noqday nin aad u cad in wararka xanta ah ee ku saabsan "laga adkaan karin" ciidanka Hitler, kuwaas oo uu jilbo joogay isagoo ku dhawaad oo dhan of Europe, aan ka badnayn quraafaad ah. In taangiyada Jarmal "gubtaa naf macaan," iyo askartii ay awoodaan in ay u qaxaya a swiftness "ammaan mudan tahay".

Dabcan, waxaa aad muhiim u ah in cadowga aan qabsan kari waayeen caasimada gobolka ahaa. Moscow intii lagu jiray dagaalka (iyo ma aha oo kaliya) ma waxay ahayd oo kaliya magaalo, laakiin sidoo kale calaamad u ah iska caabin ah ee gobolka Soviet.

The guulaha ciidamada Soviet qasbay sokeeye more firfircoon ee USSR. hore labaad ha la furay kaliya ee 1944, waa lagama yaabo in uu noqdo mid run ah isaga oo sheegaya in kaalmo farsamo iyo mid kale oo ahaa dhiibida.

The gargaarana iman kara ee Reich Saddexaad ee soo gaartay Hitler ee u dhow Moscow, on lid ku ah, lagu qasbay in ay weli taagan sugaya, waayo, tusaale ahaan, ilaha qaar ka mid ah waxay ku andacoodaan in Turkey iyo Japan in ay dhacdo qabashada Moscow ahaa diyaar u ah inuu si cad u soo biiraan dagaalka ka dhanka ah Midowga Soofiyeeti. Ka dib burburiyo failure oo gaaray Jarmalka sokeeye uga hornimaadno qarinayaan, oo doorbiday in ay ka fogaadaan talaabo.

Qiimaha counter-weerar lama quudhsan karin, marka hore, waxa uu ahaa weerar baaxad weyn oo ugu horreeya ee Ciidanka Cas. Laga soo bilaabo dhibic istaraatiijiga ah iyo cilmi-nafsi ee view waxa uu ahaa xal weyn. taariikhyahanadu military badan ayaa rumaysan in ay ahayd dagaalka kooban Moscow laakiin macneeyeen in la magacaabo "tub dagaalka ah", kuwaas oo loo dejiyay ay natiijada. Malaayiin dad ah oo ka socda qaarada muuqday rajo soo dhaafay.

Laakiin ugu muhiimsan, guusha iimaanka Ruhbaaniyad kuna sugan laabta isu askartii. ugu dambeyntii waxay arkeen in si dhab ah is-hor taagi kara Jarmalka. Iyo ma ahan oo keliya in la qabto jagada, iyo inuu ku guuleysto dhulal laga badiyay.