Alisa Gessenskaya, Grand Duchess: Biography, sheekada nolosha iyo jacaylka

Yuu yahay Alisa Gessenskaya? Waa maxay naagtan caanka ah ee taariikhda? Sidee ayaa nolosheeda? Dhammaan su'aalahan waxaad ka heli doontaa jawaabaha in this article.

asal ahaan

Alisa Gessenskaya helay at dhalashada magaca Victoria Helena Louise Beatrice Alice of Hesse-Darmstadt. Wuxuu ku dhashay June 6, 1872 ee Germany. Empress mustaqbalka ee Russia u heleen magaca oo ka mid ah afar wakiilada qoyska reer boqor ee magacyada derivative: hooyo, sidoo kale, Alice, iyo afar gabdhood oo walaalahood ah Hooyo. Aabaheed wuxuu ahaa Madaxdii Gaalowday oo Duke Ludwig IV, hooyada - Duchess Alice. Gabadha ahaa afraad, gabadha ugu yar gabdhaha qoyska caanka ah.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Princess Alisa Gessenskaya dhaxlo hiddo-hemophilia. cudurka waxaa soo gudbiyo hooyada ilmaha ee qoyskooda ma waxaa weeye qarnigii ugu horeysay. Waxa la yaab leh, waxaa la muujiyey in uu nin si cad oo xoog leh, haween ahaayeen hooyo kaliya. In cudurkan, hoos xinjirowga dhiigga, taas oo keeni karta in dhiig aad u daran, kuna waari dhexdeeda labada gudaha iyo dibadda. On cudurka gabdhaha caafimaadka saameyn lahayn.

Native Hesse ee 1878 ayaa lagu sameeyay faafa diphtheria ah. Waxaan iyada iyo qoyska Alice ee taabtay. Dhimanayaan hooyadeed iyo walaasheed Mei. Ka dib markii in, ku dhinto Louis IV go'aansado inuu Alice in barbaarinta uu ayeeyo diro, iyagoo og in uu awoodo in uu bedelo hooyo ma noqon doonto. Inta badan dhaxleyad ah oo carshiga ku kharash gareeya ee UK, Isle of Wight. Sidaas darteed, iyada carruurnimada badatay in qalcaddii Balmoral ah, halkaas oo ayeeydeed had iyo jeer ku dhacay - Queen Victoria ee England. Taariikhyahanadu ayaa xusay danqasho gaar ah oo jecel in ay Victoria iyada maayso, kuwaasoo waxay u bixisay "aan qorax".

The mustaqbalka Duchess Alisa Gessenskaya khilaafeen xishoonaya oo u dadaala in waxbarashadooda. saameyn weyn on iyada carruurnimada haystay oo dhan guri ammaan diinta.

booqasho ugu horeeyay ee Russia

At da'da 12 sano, Grand Duchess of Hesse iyo Alice Rhine soo booqday Russia markii ugu horeysay. In 1884, walaasheed iyada ka weyn Ella noqday naagtii Ruush Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Waxay ahayd xaflada arooska Gabadhanu arkay Nicholas II - amiir, ina Emperor Alexander III. Waxaa xusid mudan in uu si degdeg ah u jeclaa Alice. Markaas Nikolai horeba 16 ahaa oo iyana waxay isagii eegay ka baqeen, fekereyso Emperor qof ka badan oo baaluq iyo aqoon mustaqbalka. 12-sano jir ah Duchess of suubban dhicin mar kale in la Nicholas hadlo oo ka tagay Russia jacayl fudud ee wadnaha.

tababarka

door weyn ku barayay ilmaha inuu ciyaaro diinta Alice. Waxay u sharrifnay Binii oo dhan dhaqanka xurmada iyo ahayd arrin cibaado leh. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ahayd iyada Furuujtooda danbe fajac ku dhuftay Nicholas II. Waxay muujiyeen qiiro, iyo inuu aadanaha, uu xiiseynayo siyaasadda, arrimaha bulshada iyo xiriirka caalamiga ah. Her rabitaankiisa diinta wadaagtaa on mysticism. Waxay ahayd jeclaan of waxbarasho ee fiqiga iyo theosophy, taas oo si weyn u guulaysteen iyo ka dib helay doctorate ah ee falsafada at University Cambridge.

Xiriirka ninkeeda mustaqbalka Nicholas II iyo Wedding

In 1889, Duchess Grand ee Alice of Hesse eegid Petersburg. Halkan ayay lagu casuumay walaashiis Ella iyo ninkeeda. Ka dib markii ururka muddo dheer ah la Nicholas II inta lagu jiro 6 toddobaad ee guryaha madaxtooyada heer taliye Sergiyos Bawlos ayay u suurtagashay in ay ku guuleysato qalbiga ahaa curadkii gooyo of Russia. In qoraalada uu, sida ugu horreysa ee 1916, Nicholas II ayaa kuu sheegi doona in qalbigiisa soo taagay in ay gabadha is-hoosaysiiya iyo macaan leh, jacaylkaagii hore, oo horay kulanka labaad, wuxuu ogaa inay iyada uu qaadan lahaa sidii uu xaaskiisa oo kaliya.

Laakiinse waxaa isaga la doortay ayaa markii hore aan loo oggolaan waalidka Gaalowday. Waxa uu saadaaliyey aroos la Helen Luizoy Genriettoy, dhaxleyad Paris garaaf. guurka Tani waxa ay ahayd mid aad u faa'iido u gooyo. Intaa waxaa dheer, hooyada ahayd hooyo ah Nicholas Dane oo ma jeclaan Jarmalka. isla Alice The, ku soo laabtay ayeeyo madaxtooyada, waxay bilowday inay si firfircoon uga sahamin taariikhda afka Ruush, xiriiraa kiniisaddu Orthodox ah. Koroleva Viktoriya, kuwaas oo maayso jeclaa, isla markiiba ogolaaday iyada oo la doortay iyo wax kasta si ay u caawiyaan iyada si ay u bartaan dhaqanka cusub. walaashiis ka weyn Ella, qaaday waqtiga iyo magaca Asalraacnimadu Elizabeth Feodorovna, sida ninkeeda, ka caawiyay waraaqo ku caashaqay. Dabcan, nooca Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, walaasheed ninkeeda ee Alice, la xiriira qoyska boqortooyada badan oo faa'iidooyinka keenaa.

Dhab ahaantii kale negative qoyska Romanov ahaa hadyada meejeeda, si fiican u yaqaan Duke of guri ammaan Hesse. Cabsida dhaxla cudurka mustaqbalka warsan xigmadda doorashada.

Nicholas II ahaa qirtay oo joogto ah, ma uusan ku heshiiyaan in ay ka baryootan hooyada Maria Feodorovna uu. Waxaa ka caawiyay in jacayl la dhacdo quruxsan naxdin leh. Alexander III ee 1893, si xun u xanuunsan, oo waxaa jiray su'aal ku saabsan hawlgelinta si degdeg ah dhaxalka ugu horeeyay ee carshiga. Weydii gacanta Alisy Nikolay aad u tegey, April 2, 1894, iyo April 6, waxa lagu dhawaaqay shaqaysiinta. dhimashada Emperor Alexander III dib markii Alisa Gessenskaya qaaday iimaanka Orthodox, oo helay magaca Alexandra Feodorovna. By habka, ninkeedii gabar da 'hore la odhan jiray oo kaliya sida Alix - magacaabay isku 2 - Alice iyo Alexander. Arooskii lahaa in la qabto sida ugu dhakhsaha badan, haddii kale guurka noqon lahaa sharci darada ah, iyo Alice yaanu afadiisa ka fiirsan karaan boqor cusub, sidaa darteed in muddo ka yar todobaad ka dib aaskii aabbihiis, Nicholas II uu guursaday xaaskiisa la jecel yahay la. Taariikhyahanadu la soco in xitaa Malabka ka dhacay inta lagu guda jiro u barooranayeen oo u barooranayeen sidii wax sii haysata ee guri ammaan Romanov ah.

waajibaadka State iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed

Alice Gessenskaya Aleksandra Fedorovna lahaa in si dhakhso ah loo isticmaalo wadan cusub, qabsaneysa dhaqan cusub. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa sheegay in laga yaabo in ay ahayd isbedel kadis ah in xaaladda si xoog leh u saameeyay shakhsiyadda ee Alexandra Feodorovna. Modest oo loo hayaa, ayay jir- noqday kuwa kibirka leh, hypochondria iyo qofka maroorsaday. Empress waxa uu ahaa madaxa dhowr regiments ciidamada, oo ay ku jiraan ka baxsan boqortooyada.

Waxay sidoo kale si firfircoon uga qayb shaqada hay'ad samafal. Under iyada hoggaanka, urur magoolay, sida hoyga, isbitaalada, daryeelka ee ururrada mujtamaca iyo guriga. Waxay ka bartay kiiska caafimaad iyo shaqsi ahaan caawisay in hawlgalka.

dejinta Alexandra

Dhacdadan ayaa marka hore xun ku lug leh musuqmaasuq nolosha Alice of Hesse, naagtii Nicholas II, ay sabab u ahayd xaqiiqada ah in iyadu ma siin kartaa dhalashada ilaa nin ina jecel yahay. Tan iyo markii ay la sara kiciyey laga bilaabo dhalashada guursadee mustaqbalka taliyaha, ku qabtay gabadh kale oo uu ku dhashay habaar dembiyada iyo bedesho iimaanka. Its mysticism oo sababay muuqaalka kore ee daarta Philip. Waxa uu ahaa beenaale ah asal ahaan kasoo jeeda France, kuwaas oo maamula si uu uga dhaadhiciyo Empress ah in uu awoodo in uu si layaab caawin ninkeeda dhaxal siin. Philip xitaa u suurtagashay in ay ku qanciso Alexandra inay uur leedahay, iyo dhowr bilood gudahood inuu sii joogo xarunta madaxtooyada. Iyada Boqorad uu aad u badan saameeyey iyo gooyo qudhiisa. Luudh ay ahayd oo kaliya ka dib markii xukunka dhakhaatiir ah oo ku saabsan "uurka been ah".

Friends nolosha Alexandra Feodorovna jiray barxadda sharaf. iyaga ka mid ah ku nuuxnuuxsaday, Princess Baryatinsky, Baroness iyo Countess Buxhowden Gendrikov, kaas oo la odhan jiray affectionately Nastenka. saaxiibtinimo dhow waqti dheer Empress keentay in dhiba Vyrubovoy. Waxaa la marwada this Alisa Gessenskaya ahaa - naagtii Nicholas II, waxay la kulmeen Grigoriem Rasputinym, ka dib si adag u saamayn qaddar ee boqortooyadiisa ka.

Waxaa ka mid ah maadooyinka ah Duchess Jarmal ma maamuli si loo gaaro jacaylka iyo u kaliyeeli. Alexandra disparagingly loola dhaqmo dadka kale, marar dhif ah ka aad ku maqli kartay oo ammaanaan, ama eray nooc.

kii dhaxalka lahaa dheer la sugayay in ay carshiga

Olga, Tatiana, Maria iyo Daahir Riyaale - - dhalashada afar gabdhood oo dib labo ka Imperial ayaa doonaya in la helo bedelka carshiga. Laakiin mucjiso dhacay, iyo in 1904 yimid ina dheer la sugayay, magacaabay Alexei. Nasiib wanaag waxaa jiray xadka lahayn, marka laga reebo hiddo hemophilia in uu weli ka muuqata caafimaadka wiilka. Soo bandhigay waqti at barxadda Rasputin ka caawiyay isaga ula qabsadaan cudurka, sida daawada caadiga ah ma siin natiijo wanaagsan. Dhab ahaantii Tani sameeyey Gregory ku dhow yahay inuu qoyska reer boqor.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Isaga oo sano ee ugu dambeeyey waxay ahaayeen naxdin leh oo ay adag tahay, waayo, Alexandra. Waxay ahayd hooyadii waxa la yaab leh, gabadheeda iyada caawiyay si ay u fuliyaan qalliinka ee isbitaalka iyo waqti badan oo askar ku dhaawacmeen, xubno ka tirsan dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka.

Ka dib markii Revolution February ah, si ay xukuumadda cusub ee qoyska Romanovs waxa la dhigay xabsi guri iyo ka dib soo diray oo dhan ka St. Petersburg in Tobolsk. Bishii Abriil 1918 Bolsheviks guuray maxaabiista in Ekaterinburg, taas oo uu noqday magan ugu dambeeyey ee qoyska boqortooyada. Nicholas II ilaa dhawaan difaacay qoyskiisa, laakiin habeenkii of July 17, 1918 dhamaan xubnaha qoyska Romanov u soo baxeen inay ka dhulka hoostiisa iyo shot. Dad goob joogayaal ah dhacdooyinka sheegay in, hoos in la dilo qaar, Alexandra socday madaxiisa lagu qabtay sare. Habeen Tani xagaaga dhameystirtay boqornimadii guri ammaan Romanov ah.