Alexander, Duke Grand ah. Taariikhda Empire Ruushka

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich waxa uu ku dhashay April 13, 1866 in Tiflis. Inta badan naftiisa ayaa la xiriira horumarinta ay ciidamada badda iyo cirka. Tani waxay xubin ka mid ah guri ammaan boqornimada xusuustay mashaariicda design ay, hoggaanka muddo kooban ah ganacsiga badda, oo firfircoon ee muddada ka haajirid ka dib Dagaalkii Sokeeye.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Grand Duke waxay ahayd ina Mikhail Nikolayevich oo ahaa ina Emperor Nicholas I. Tsar Alexander III, isagu waa ina adeer. Boqortooyada ee la soo dhaafay, Nicholas II ahaa weyn-adeer. Alexander hooyadiis - Olga Fedorovna - ahaa Jarmal u dhashay. Waxay ahayd gabadhii Duke of Leopold Baden.

Sida ilmo, mustaqbalka Tsar Nicholas II lahaa saaxiibo isku dhow yar. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah ayaa loo arkaa in Alexander. Grand Duke iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa oo carshiga ku jiray ku dhowaad isku da 'la farqi laba sannadood. Like wakiilo badan oo yar yar oo ka mid ah Golaha Romanov, Alexander ayaa doortay xirfad military. Waxa uu diiwaan geliyaa Marine Metropolitan College ee, halkaas oo uu ka qalin jabiyay ee 1885. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa heshay darajo sarkaalka waaran oo soo baxay in lagu qoro ilaalada ah. doorasho ma ahayn shil. Ilaalada waa qayb ka mid ah qiimaha badda ee qayb ka mid ah Ilaalada Imperial ee.

safar Adduunka

In 1886, Romanov Aleksandr Mihaylovich u tageen inay circumnavigate dunida dacaladeeda, laga bilaabo baxay sida midshipman ah. Grand Duke dulmaray meeraha on Corvette bronepalubnom "dawan." On Christmas Eve, markabka galay biyihii dhulka fog Brazil ah. Alexander xitaa booqasho rasmi ah ku Gdansk Emperor Pedro II. Boqortooyada kulmay martida Ruush uu Alpine joogitaanka Petropolis, halkaas oo sugayay soo gebogabeeyey koonfurta xagaaga kulul. Just laba sano, Pedro casishay, iyo Brazil waxay noqotay Jamhuuriyad.

Grand Duke The dhigay stop ah ee Koonfur Afrika. Waxaa uu noqday ogyahay shaqada nolosha iyo adag ee beeralayda Holland. From Cape Town bilaabay guurka ugu dheer "Rynda" - in Singapore. Markabka qaatay in badda furan 45 maalmood, xiligaas oo uu markabka ma arag oggayn ee u dhowaanin dalka. Sida laga soo xigtay qorkiisa of Alexander Mikhailovich, guri walba labaad ee Singapore ee Chinatown ahaa den xashiishad ah, halkaas oo ay ku caashaqay ee daroogada ka dibna loo jecel yahay.

ka dibna uu adeer dhalashadiisa 21aad boqorka kulmay isaga oo ku socda Hong Kong. Markaasuu wuxuu qaatay qiyaastii labo sano in Nagasaki, halkaas u tegey inuu safar si Hindiya, Australia iyo Filibiin. In Japan, Duke Grand soo booqday boqor Gdansk iyo xataa bartay aasaaska luuqadda maxalliga ah. "Rynda" ku soo laabtay Europe guga ee 1889, ka dib markii marayay Canal Suez ee dalka Masar. Ka hor inta aadan u hesho in guriga, Duke Grand soo booqday martida ee Queen Victoria, kuwaas oo qaatay Romanov iyo hoteelada, inkastoo muddo adag ee xiriirka British-Ruush.

At Alexander Mikhailovich uu lahaa uu doonni u gaar ah "Tamara". waxaa On, waxa uu sidoo kale ka dhigay dhowr safarada. In 1891, "Tamara" booqday Hindiya. Muddo yar ka dib safar Alexander noqday Taliyaha on baabbi'iyuhu "dheregno" In 1893, uu, ay la socdaan koox dad ah u soo baxeen inay North America. Markabka "Dmitry Donskoy" iyo maraakiibta kale ee Ruush ah ayaa loo diray si ay u World Cusub oo ku beegnaa guuradii 400aad ee ay daahfurka by Columbus.

guurka

In 1894 horeba waxay ahayd Alexander - Duke Grand ah - la darajo ah Sarreeye. Muddo yar ka dib u qaadida this wuxuu guursaday. Alexander iyo xaaskiisa noqday Xenia Alexandrovna. Grand Duchess waxay ahayd walaashood ka yar Nicholas II. ninkeedii mustaqbalka Waxay ogaa tan iyo yaraantaadii - uu si joogto ah u soo booqday Gatchina, meeshaas waxaa ku yiil reer Alexander III.

Coleen dheer Slim wuxuu ahaa jacayl dhalinyaro ah oo keliya Xenia ah. The ugu horeysay ee dareenka iyada, ayay u sheegtay walaalkeed Nicholas, oo la odhan saaxiib Alexander Sandro. Wedding ee Duke Grand iyo Grand Duchess dhacay July 25, 1894 in Peterhof. Lamaanahan ayaa wuxuu lahaa toddoba carruur ah - lix wiil iyo hal gabadh (Irina, Andrei, Fedor, Nikita, Dmitri, Rostislav iyo Basil).

Daryeelidda Navy

In 1891 Alexander bilaabay si ay u daabacaan buuga "Ciidanka badda", kaas oo noqday magazine aad loo jecel yahay in raxan qoyska. Isla sanadkaas hooyadiis dhintay Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke siiyo gobolka Fleet Pacific ee dareenka badan. In si ay u xoojiyo, Alexander qaatay dhowr sano ee diyaarinta barnaamij istiraatiijiga ah ee ay dib u habaynta. Dukumiintigaas ayaa soo bandhigay in ay Nicholas II ee 1895.

Iyadoo Bariga Fog ahaa baaxaa - in Shiinaha waxaa jiray rabshado iyo Japan si degdeg ah casriyeeyey oo waxay bilaabeen inay sheegan horyaalka awoodaha ugu muhiimsan ee gobolka. Taasi ku hoos jira xaalad kuwaas oo aan ku sameeyey Alexander? Grand Duke soo jeediyay in la sii wado ka xaqiiqda ah in Japan si degdeg ah horumarinta, si degdeg ah ama goor dambe sheegi dagaal on Russia. In uu dhalinyarada, uu ku qaatay labo sano oo ay Land of Qorraxda oo soo Muuqata, iyo inta lagu jiro waqtigan arki karin waaqiciga horumarka yimid ee boqortooyadiisa jasiiradda waqti gaaban ah.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, digniin Grand Duke ee ahaa yeeray St. Petersburg cuncun. More military sar sare iyo xubno ka mid ah guri ammaan ah iska Japan sidii cadow oo daciif ah, oo waxba ma ay ka fiirsan baahida loo qabo in loo diyaariyo xilli adag. Time ayaa muujisay in ay ahaayeen khalad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, barnaamijka la marna qaatay. Waxaa intaa dheer, sababta oo ah khilaaf ku saabsan mustaqbalka raxan isaga qudhiisa ku fariistay Alexander ayaa waxaa si kooban u soo diray. Grand Duke ayaa ku soo laabtay adeegno ee 1898, isaga oo noqday sarkaal on ilaalada markab dagaal ah "General-Admiral Apraksin".

guusha injineernimada

Adeegga in "Apraksin" Grand Duke siiyey waayo-aragnimo qiimo badan, taas oo la aasaasay salaysan si ay shuqulkiisa u design. In 1900, ciidamada ilaalada xeebaha dhammeeyey markab dagaal seagoing sawir "Admiral Butakov". Waxa uu noqday uu colka ah "Apraksin". Wada jir ah ula Alexander Mikhailovich uu ka shaqeeyay on injineer sare mashruuca ee caasimada dekedda markabka ayaa Dmitriy Skortsov ah.

miro kale oo shuqullada injineernimada ee Duke Grand ah - markab dagaal mashruuca la barakac ka mid ah 14,000 oo tan ah. Waxa uu helay lix iyo toban qoryaha. Mashruuca An isku mar la Alexander Mikhailovich ka qalin Injineer caan badda Vittorio Kunibert. sawir Tani waxa ay ahayd aasaas u ah dhismaha maraakiibta of class "Regina Elena". Farqiga u dhexeeya fikrado Kunibert iyo Duke Grand ahaa oo keliya ee xaqiiqda ah in fikradda ah Talyaani ah, in la barbardhigo kala duwanaanshaha Romanova, ka dib oo dhan ayaa lagu ogaaday.

The Golaha Wasiiradda

In 1903, inta lagu guda jiro Duke Grand ee Alexander Mikhailovich yimid war wanaagsan Palace. Waxa uu u dallacsiiyey in Rear Admiral. Ka hor inta aan Grand Duke labadii sano ee ahaa kabtanka a on markab dagaal ah "Rostislav". Haddaba Alexander diiradda lagu saaray adeegga maamul. Wuxuu u tegey Xafiiska Merchant Council Shipping. Alexander boqorkii oggolaysiiyeen inay badalo hay'adda. In November 1902 Golaha noqday Agaasinka Guud ee Merchant Shipping iyo Dekedaha, iyo dhab ahaantii - Wasaaradda.

The maleegay iyo daafaca sare ee hay'adda cusub qudhiisu ahaa Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. Maraakiibtan ayaa Ruush ahaa ee u baahan hay'ad gaar ah oo ilaaliya lahaa danaha ganacsi ee ay, ku fikiray Romanov. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo aan loo eegayn sida si fiican shir ama sharaf hanuuniyey, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay kala kulmaan wasiirrada mucaaradka haray wax yar. Oo iyana ma ay jeclaan in xubin ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor dhexgalay ee shaqada dawladda. Ku dhawaad Golaha Wasiirada oo dhan jeestay mucaaradka in ay Alexander Mikhailovich. asxaabta uu sameeyey ay ugu fiican in uu ku qanciyo Emperor ah si ay u milmaan Maamulka Guud. Tan waa la sameeyey sanadkii 1905. Sayidka, Grand Duke iyo ilmaha ma socon saddex sano.

Dagaalka oo la Japan

dhalashada C of Ruush-Japanese War, ka Navy ee Empire Ruush soo food caqabad halis ah. Alexander, oo isna wuxuu siiyey inta badan naftiisa, ka qayb qaatay firfircoon ololaha in. Wuxuu qabtay howlgallada iyo weel taageero tababarka ay leeyihiin Fleet Tabaruca. Markaas ay madax guddi soo abaabuli ururinta deeqaha si loo xoojiyo squadrons military.

In 1905, ka dib markii laga reebay ee uu wasaarada u gaar ah, Alexander noqday taliyaha askartii ka mid ah kuwa ku baabbi'inaya oo Cruiser, anigaa iska leh, u wakiishay in loo dawayn lahaa dad ah. Marka su'aasha kacay of inay xeebaha Bariga Fog diraya ah koox dad ah labaad ee Pacific, Duke Grand la hadlay kana soo horjeestay go'aankaas, ka fiirsaneysa inay maraakiibta helin diyaariyey. Xitaa ka dib markii dhamaadka War Ruush-Japanese weyn-adeerkiis boqorka, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay diyaarinta barnaamijyada iyo qorshaynayso in ay dib u dhiska ku Ahaysiinay inta lagu guda jiro xilli badda.

Admiral iyo gargaare Duulista

In 1909 Duke Grand noqday-Admiral ku xigeenka. Isla sanadkaas aabbihiis dhintay, Mikhail Nikolaevich. Labaatan sano, wuxuu ahaa taliyihii dalka Caucasus, xataa '24 - Gudoomiyaha Golaha Gobolka. Mikhail wuxuu lahaa lix carruur ah, iyo Alexander ku noolaa muddo ka badan mid ka mid ah walaalihiis wiilal iyo gabdhoba.

In 1915, Duke Grand noqday Admiral ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hawlaha ay ka walwalsan tahay ma raxan kaliya. Alexander sameeyey badan ee horumarka ah ee aeronautics qaranka. Waxay ahayd uu initiative ee 1910 waxaa la aasaasay dugsiga duulista sarkaal Sevastopol. Waxaa intaa dheer, ka-adeerkiis weyn ee boqorka ahaa madaxda ciidanka hawada Imperial. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, Duke Grand ururiyey Maraakiibta iyo diyaaradaha.

The Revolution iyo Dagaalkii Sokeeye

kacaanka February The jir- bedelay nolosha Romanovs oo dhan. xubnaha qoyska boqortooyada ayaa laga saaray ciidanka. Alexander Mikhailovich ayaa casaan ka adeega, iyadoo la sii labis. Dowladda ku meel gaarka ah uu oggolaan inuu sii noolaado oo uu estate Crimean u gaar ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in kaliya ku habboon xagga koonfureed badbaadiyeen muwaadin u Romanova dhaqaaqo. Dhinacyada isaga oo leh ee Crimean dhaqaaqay Xenia Alexandrovna iyo carruurtooda.

Alexander uma uu dayn Russia ilaa iyo haatan la soo dhaafay. Inta lagu guda jiro dhowr Dagaalkii Sokeeye Crimean jeer ka soo qaado gacantii maray in ay gacanta. Marka awood on gaca ku meelgaar ah u dhaqaaqay Bolsheviks ah, Romanovs waxay ahaayeen khatar ku dhimanaya. Markaas Crimea hoos shaqo Jarmal yimid. Ka dib markii Peace ee Brest ay muddo dheer lagu qabtay by sokeeye shisheeye ee White Entente ah. Taasi waa marka Alexander la qoyskiisa go'aansaday inuu ka tago Russia. Bishii December 1918, ayuu u tegey oo ku saabsan Markab British si France.

haajirid

In Paris, Alexander noqday xubin ka mid ah shir siyaasadeed ee Ruush. qaab-dhismeedka waxaa la sameeyey soo horjeeda taliska Soviet si ay u matalaan danaha dalkiisa shir Versailles ah. Dhamaadkii 1918 waxaa dhamaaday dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka iyo hadda guusha ee dalka ka socda si ay u go'aamiyaan qaddar ee Europe. Russia, taas oo ka hor Bolsheviks in ay awood u yimid si daacad ah loo sameeyaa ay waajib in Entente ah, waxaa u diiday inay metelaan Versailles nabad gooni ah la Germany. Taageerayaasha dhaqdhaqaaqa cad isku dayay inuu soo qabto Raayada baxday, laakiin in waxba idiinma tarin. Alexander qudhiisu khayraadka oo dhan loo isticmaalo in uu ku qanciyo awoodaha shisheeye inay afgembiyaan Bolsheviks ah, laakiin sidoo kale ku guuldareystay.

Isku dayaysa in ay soo galootiga, sida aad ogtahay, toona kama taro. Ka mid ah dad badan oo ku Grand Duke baxay inuu Europe, rajeyneysa inay ugu dhakhsaha badan guriga ku soo noqdo. Wuxuu ahaa ka fog isagoo duq ah, oo dhawaan degay marinkii konton sannadood, oo rajeyneynaa in mustaqbal wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida dadka kale ee muhaajiriinta cad, Alexander iyo ilamaa uu dhintay dal qalaad. Uu meesha aad deggan uu doortay France.

Grand Duke waxa uu ahaa xubin ka mid ah ururo badan oo waddanka u soo guurey. Waxa uu shir Midowga doonniyawadayaashaada military Ruush, oo ka qeyb qaatay hawlaha qotomiyey Petrom Vrangelem Ruush Midowga Military. Romanov caawiyey carruur badan ee Hijrooday ee booska ugu nugul.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee nolosha ina adeerkiis ah Nicholas II baxay inuu shaqo ee qorkiisa iyaga u gaar ah. In xusuus daabacan oo ka mid ah Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Book of Xusuusaha") ayaa la daabacay 1933 in publisher Paris a. Qoraagu wuxuu ugu dhakhsaha badan ku dhinteen ka dib markii muuqaalka kore ee uu shaqada dukaamada ka. Wuxuu on February 26, 1933 ku geeriyooday magaalada loo dalxiis tago ee Roquebrune on d'Cote ka Casuur. Alpes-Maritimes oo ay noqoto meel ay ku nastaan oo ka mid ah hadhaagii naagtii Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna ah. Waxay ka badbaaday by ninkeeda of 27 sano, ayaa ku dhintay April 20, 1960 in Windsor British ah.

Quusiyay of the Grand Duke Alexander maanta Mikhailovich waa taallo oo xiiso leh qiyaastii waqti taariikhda ee dalka. Ka dib markii dayrta ee shuuciyad, xusuusta reer Romanov guriga, iyo sidoo kale wakiilo ka badan oo kale oo ka mid ah guri ammaan reer boqor, waxaa ugu dambeyntii soo celiyo. In 2012, ee St. Petersburg waxay ahayd isku dhaceen naxaas ah. author of taallo noqday sculptor ah iyo xubin ka mid ah Presidium ah Ruush Academy of Arts Albert Charkin.