Yuu yahay Duke ah? taasoo la micno ah

horyaalka ugu sareeya ee ku abtirsan xiran oo kaliya in Europe. In qarniyadii dhexe siiyey qofka labaad boqorka ka dambeeya. Ka jawaabaya su'aal ku saabsan cidda Duke ah, waxaan dhihi karaa in ay tahay qof ka mid ah xaafadaha sharaf leh. In uu hantidiisa ahaayeen qalcado, dalka, dadka. Waqtiyadii hore erayga gudbiyo oo ahaa sirkaalkii dadyowga Jarmal.

go'aan turjumaad

Sheeg of jawaabaha su'aasha ah kuwaas oo Duke ah waxaa laga heli karaa taariikhda qadiimiga ah. erayga «Herzog» wuxuu ka yimid afka Jarmal. Waxaa la xidhiidha dadka oo sharaf leh dhalashada.

Erayga "Duke" waxaa loo isticmaalaa in luqado kale:

• Tarjumay erayga Jarmal taasoo la micno ah "Duke» (Herzog) waxaa lagu qeexaa sida "in la wado, si uu u hoggaamiyo, si uu u hoggaamiyo."
• (- duco hogaanka) loo isticmaalo dux ah eray la mid ah Latin.
• In Faransiis erayga "Duke" waxaa lagu qeexaa sida «DUC».
• The version Ingiriisi loola jeedaa "qof distinguished, sayidkii" - «ugaas».
• Duke Talyaani yeedhay erayga «Duca».

qeexidda semantic

Halkan qeexitaan semantic in qaamuusyo. Ka fiirso kan Duke ah:

1. Macnaha hore ee hadalka lagu tilmaamay qabiilka dagaalyahan ah.
2. Milkiilaha dalka iyo dadka.
3. Qofka labaad ee boqorka ka dambeeya. Horyaalka Noble dadka soo xulay abtirsan.
4. Saraakiil ku lug leh adeegga madaniga ah boqorka. In uu soo gudbinta lahaa garaafyo.
5. In England, ugaasyadii ay ahaayeen dadka la shubay dhiig la xiriira, boqorrada.
6. The Union of South Africa ahaa ra'iisul-wasaaraha ee 1924-1939 Hertzog Dzheyms ee. Waxaan ku dhaadhacay taariikhda sida taageere u ahaa cunsuriyada, ayaa sidoo kale diiday inuu ka hadlo kulankii Germany.
7. Milkiilaha xaafadda - Duchy la dhaxlay. Waxaa sharci heerka awoodda wayn by Charles II Bidaar ah (877).

muhiimadda taariikhiga Hore

Yuu yahay Duke ah, waxaa la xusay in wakhtiyadii hore. dadyowga Jarmal magacaabay uu guud. In March dheer dadka ayaa muddo sanado ah, iyo qaar ka mid ah ku sugnaa gudaha dhulalka ay qabsadeen. socdaalka Tani waxay siisay dhulka si ay dhibic ku xigta - milkiilaha dalka, si toos ah warbixinta si ay boqorka. Waayo rasmi maxaliga ahaa hay'adda ugu sarraysa.

Ugaasyadii lahaa nooc ka mid ah ee kala duwan ee dharka ay xirtaan qaab taajkii gaar ah iyo muujiyay go'an tahay in ay dhulkooda hooyo. Feoffee King si ay u sii si uu gobolka iyo, haddii loo baahdo, mar kale keentay olole militari si ay ula dagaallamaan caasinimo ah ama si kada ah weerarkii lagu qaaday soohdimaha hantidoodii. soo gudbinta waxa ay ahayd koox ka mid ah wakiillo - garaafyo.

Ugaasyadii ayaa waajib ku ah in ay u gudbiyaan dadka doonista boqorka, si ay ula socdaan fulinta amarada iyo hawlaha ciqaab ka dhan ah mucaaradka ka qabtaan. gobolka kastaaba wuxuu lahaa amarada iyo sharciyada dheeraad ah si toos ah maray in milkiilaha dalka.

horyaalka Yurub

Karl Veliky isku dayday inay ka soo saarto horyaalka si looga fogaado halganka joogto ah madax-bannaanida. In meel of abtirsan waxaa loo doortay zendgrafy iyo margraves. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macnaha erayga "Duke" xajisto macnaheeda in dalalka deriska.

Hore ee ugaasyadii soo kabsaday erayga iyo sii waday in ay caddayn ay xorriyadda. Waxay ku guulaysteen inay dib u horyaal ee la soo dhaafay ay. Sidaas daraaddeed, gudahood Germany oo keliya waxaa jiray in ka badan shan duchies bilowgii qarnigii tobnaad:

1. Saxon.
2. Sh Xasaan Xuseen.
3. Swabian.
4. Franconian.
5. Bavarian.

horyaalka ugu sarreeya abaal qiyaasi oo kaliya oo taliye ahaa, si aanay u oggolaan qabashada awoodeed ee ka soo horjeeda fasalka talada haya. Erayga "Duke" waxaad fartaan Wannaagga Dabcan waqti. Sidaas daraaddeed waxay bilaabeen inay soo wac magacawday dawladdii dhexe, fulinta doonista boqorka. Later, mashruuca wuxuu bilaabay inuu wax ku daro "Great", waxa ay carrabka ku adkeeyay muhiimadda ay leedahay nin iyo xoogga magiciisa.

In dalalka kale

Ka fikir waxa ereyga "Duke" ee qarniyadii dhexe. Ka dib markii la baabiiyo of horyaalka ee gobta ahaa waxay bilaabeen in ay iska caabin dowladda dhexe, iyo dhigay sharciyada iyaga u gaar ah magaca. taliyayaashii Later ayaa awooday in ay ka heli iyaga in ay u hoggaansamaan, balse dagaalkii sokeeye ayaa ka hadhay muddo aad u dheer.

Sidaas darteed, ka dib markii Duchy waxa la aasaasay oo ku saabsan dhulka ee dalalka Yurub:

• 1156 - Austria.
• 1185 - Pomeranian, gudbiyo hore sida Slavic ah,
• In 1273 - Aasaasay in Carinthian.
• 1339 - muuqday Geldernskie.
• In 1349 - taariikhda Mecklenburg galay.
• 1364 - Luxembourg.
• In 1356 - aasaasay Jülich.
• 1378 - Savoy.
• In 1423 - aasaasay Duchy Golaha Wettin.

Laga soo bilaabo 1844, halkii horyaalka ee Duke waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan horyaal kale. In Germany, dadka madax u yeedhay Sarreeyayaal, ee la xidhiidha erayga kuwooda u madax bannaan loo isticmaalo. In England, waxaan isticmaalaa weedha ah ", naxariistiisu".

Saameyn la mid ah ayaa la dareemay in dalalka kale:

1. Polish-Lithuanian gobolka. By maamulka ducal walaacsan senators ruuxi ah, kuwii gobta ahaa, estate cilmaani ah, madaxda dawladda, digsiyada Radney.
2. Hungary. By ka vassals boqorka loola dhaqmo ee barbariyiintiina amiirrada, lid, Earls. The oo safafka sare lahaa xaq sharci ah si ay uga qayb qaataan hawlaha guud, oo damacsanaa inay wax ka qabtaan arrimaha muhiimka ah ee Golaha xukuumadda. ururinta Tan waxa loo yaqaan "ganacsato miiska" ama "miiska sare".

In England iyo France

gobolka Ducal ku adkaystay waqti dheer, si fiican u muujinaysa in ay tallaabo hubaysan xornimada. Kings isku dayay si walba inay ku midoobaan agagaarka guryaha sharaf leh. soo gudbinta iibsaday dadka madax banaan heshiisyada, heshiisyada, ururada guurka. Kuwii difaaca u awaamirtooda xoogga wayn, hareen xoog.

Sidaas darteed, France istaagay baxay duchy awood badan:

• Gascon, Gienskoe.
• Brittany, Burgundy.
• Normandy, Aquitaine.

Later, inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Napoleon I-st iyo farac ka mid ah Napoleon III-rd, erayga "Duke" ayaa laga badiyay macnaheeda asalka. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in taliyayaashii bilaabay inuu wada tashi horyaalka ee qof kasta inuu iibiyo. Xitaa Noola cusub si lama filaan ah u noqon karta ugaas ah.

In England horyaalka ee Duke muuqday tan iyo boqornimadii King Edward III. Ka hor this waxaa jiray lid, tiriyaa. Si loo muujiyo qoyskooda, taliyaha loogu magac daray carruur ah - oo wiil:

1. Senior Prince of Wales abaal horyaalka ee Duke of Cornwall. In England, noocan oo kale sii raagayaan ilaa maantadan la joogo.
2. The Duke of York.
3. Duke of Clarence.

Cinwaanka lagu siiyey inay wakiilo u ah gaar ahaan ku abtirsan. Sidaas waxaa jiray ugaasyadii ah:

• Lancaster.
• Northumberland.
• Clarence.

Title ee Russia

Laga bilaabo Menshikov, oo u muuqday in uu hadalkiisii Ruush taasoo la micno ah "Duke". Qarniyadii dhexe waxa ay ahaayeen kuwii gobta ahaa taajir iyo martida ka proteges dibadda awoodda. badideed ayaa goob joog ka ahaa xataa Tsars Ruush - Holsten-Gottorp. Waxa uu tilmaamay in ay asal ahaan reer galbeedka.

In taariikhda dalka laga diiwaan qoyska si fiican u yaqaan ee Romanovs ah:

• Leuchtenberg.
• Oldenburg.
• Wurttemberg.

Ugaasyadii lahaa awood buuxda. Laakiin waxay qaadan kartaa horyaalka ee gobolka ee la xidhiidha qabashada dalkii halkaas oo ah taliyaha xaadirka ah ayaa awoodi waayay si ay u ilaaliyaan xuquuqdooda. Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay ka dhacay taariikhda dalalka yurub.

In Russia, horyaalka xirto by abtirsan, Sidukiinta. Darajo hoos u wareejiyay, at heerka dowladaha si ay u isticmaalaan sharaxyo kale oo ka mid ah saraakiisha iyo boqorka u dhow - amiirradii.

Ma jirtaa horyaalka ka mid ka mid ah saffarro uu?

Ka mid ah saffarro weli ka jiraan ugaasyadii reer Luxembourg, Jean, u jeedi in, laga bilaabo weedha ah "Royal Sarreeyayaal." horyaalka ee Duke of Cornwall yahay Prince of Wales ee England.

Haddii aan ka fiirsan waxa ereyga "Duke" in aannu mar, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u fuliyaan sifooyinka la mid ah semantic ah qeexidda:

• Sida ee la soo dhaafay, ka yar horyaalka ee Duke fahamsan yahay asal ahaan sharaf leh ee nin.
• ugaasyadii dhaxlo u tageen inay qalcado iyo dhismayaasha kale ee taariikhiga ah.
• Ujeedadiisu waxay tahay in dadka qaba horyaalka noocan oo kale ah uu leeyahay maal a galay Robben qaab xaafadaha dalka iyo kaydka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugaasyadii casriga maqan saamaynta ay ku dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed ee dalka. Title kaliya xusuusinayaa kuwa kale oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee nin iyo reerkiisa. In England waxaa jira ugaasyadii maanta. Waxay gali facooda heer Maamule, kaas oo uu ku yaal madaxda hoos ku boqorrada sharaf leh.