Yaa qoray "Hobbit The, ama jira iyo Back Mar kale"

John Ronald Recuu'eel farta laatiinka ah - Qoraaga weyn, aqoonyahan distinguished iyo mid qoray "Hobbit The" - waxa uu ku dhashay on January 3, 1892 ee Bloemfontein, South Africa. Waalidkiis waxaa soo guureen England ee la xidhiidha shaqada aabbihiis Arthur ee. Laatiinka ah ugu dhakhsaha badan laga badiyay labada waalid: aabbihiis dhintay Africa ee 1896, kadib markii qoyska intiisa kale in ay England ku soo noqday, oo hooyadiis, Mabel ku dhintay 1904 meel u dhow Birmingham. dhimashada Mabel badan John iyo walaalkiis ka yar ka dib markii Hilary qaaday daryeelka ee saaxiib qoyska Frensis Morgan ah. Wax yar ka dib, farta laatiinka ah u tageen inay School King Edward ee, ka dibna u tageen inay Oxford.

At Oxford, farta laatiinka ah doonayay in ay helaan shahaado ee luqadda Ingiriisiga iyo suugaanta. Waxa uu horumariyo hamiday gaar ah philology, daraasadda of luqadood. Waxbarashada Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Saxon iyo gabayada Welsh, ayuu sii waday in ay tijaabiyaan af of iyaga u gaar ah. The luqadda iyo dhisi doono aasaas u ah inuu dunida khayaali ah, oo loo yaqaan Dhexe-dhulka.

Marka iyo kuwa ku qoray "Hobbit The"?

By 1916, farta laatiinka ah helay shahaado oo guursaday gabar Edith Bratt. In dhamaadka, wuxuu qaaday booska uu ka macalin ee Oxford. By 1929, isaga iyo Edith yimid ilmaha afraad. In ka badan sannadihii sida qoraa bilaabay inuu caddooyinka weyn oo-dhulka Dhexe, a collection of sheekooyin gaagaaban oo cinwaan looga dhigay "Silmarillion The". From sheekooyinka ilaa "Hobbit The" (1936), uu shaqo ugu horaysay la daabacay. Sheekada A fudud ee caruurta ku saabsan nin dhallinyaro ah, kuwaas oo qayb ka qaadataa in quudhin weyn; midab cayaar oo ka mid ah sheeko iyo images ah ayaa saas ku hit ah ma aha oo kaliya ka mid ah carruurta, laakiin sidoo kale dadka waaweyn sameeyey. mid ka mid No yaabay oo ku saabsan cidda ku qoray "Hobbit The" - magiciisa ku jiray oo dhan on dibnaha. Guusha novel ah farta laatiinka ah keenay tiro ka badan oo taageerayaal ah kuwaas oo u xiiseynayey in ay ka badan oo ku saabsan adduunka oo uu ku wareegsan abuuray afkiisa ku abuurtay iyo caddooyinka, keliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah oo laga heli karo in ay bartaan "Hobbit The." Tan iyo markaas, qof walba waa ogaa qoray "Hobbit The", a-dhulka Dhexe, masduulaagii Smaug iyo Bilbo.

Hobbit iyo miyiga England

The goob iyo jilayaal ee "Hobbit The", waxaad ka heli kartaa ujeedadii Anglo-Saxon iyo Scandinavian ka epics geesinimada qadiimiga ah in farta laatiinka bartay halka ku nool dhulka miyiga ah England ee dabaqadda dhexe. Siyaabo badan, ee kaftan iyo soo jiidashada ee sheeko ka been dhaqdhaqaaqa miyi England fudud ee 1930 oo ay goob geesinimada Dr Makumbe. Laatiinka ah ayaa qirtay in uu geesi, Bilbo Baggins, waxaa soo guuriyeen ka England miyiga ah ee waqtiga. Laatiinka ah wuxuu ahaa ninkii ku qoray "Hobbit The" in English, ku tiirsan oo keliya ma aha on your male, laakiin sidoo kale on deegaanka.

By markii ugu farta laatiinka ah u shaqo bilaabay on cidhibta ah in "Hobbit The", ayuu wuxuu u yeelay saaxiibo la ah borofisar kale caan Oxford iyo qoraa CS Lewis, author of "The Chronicles of Narnia." Ay saaxiibtinimo socday sanado badan. Laatiinka Lewis had iyo jeer diyaar u yihiin in lagu dhaleeceeyo kasta oo kale ee shaqada ee kooxda rasmi ah qorayaasha "Inklings".

Oo miyaad taqaan cidda qoray "Hobbit The" iyo "Eebaha siddooyinkii"?

Laga soo bilaabo 1945 in 1959, farta laatiinka ah ee u baxay inuu baro at Oxford oo qoray gebogebada "Eebaha siddooyinkii" sida cidhibta ah in "Hobbit The." Forbrydelsen ayaa keenay ammaan u ah inuu farta laatiinka ah ee England iyo America, laakiin waxa uu weligii tirada dadweynaha. Waxa uu sii waday in la "Silmarillion" iyo warkii kale cirfiid shaqeeyaan, oo ku nool nolol xasilloon. In kasta oo aqoonsiga dadweynaha, waxa uu dareemay in dadka dabaqadda dhexe, halkaas oo ay ku qori kartaa oo aad ka fikiri raaxo leh. Laatiinka ah on September 2, 1973 ku geeriyooday, sidaas oo kale ayaa "Silmarillion" tafaftiray oo la daabacay, darjada by wiilkiisa Christopher 1977.

Geesi iyo ka go'an Bilbo

theme ugu weyn ee novel ah "Hobbit The, ama jira iyo Back Mar kale" waa horumarinta Bilbo sidii nin geesi ah. Buuggu wuxuu ku bilaabmaa Bilbo u muuqataa in hobbit ee akhristaha dhiiran, dabacsan oo nasta on guulaheenna ay uu godka ammaan yar ee Bag End. Marka Gandalf wuxuu ku yidhi in ay lagama maarmaan si ay u tagaan safar la dwarves of Thorin ahaa, Bilbo noqdo cabsi in uu taag. Laakiin in koorsada ee sheeko aan aragno sida uu uga sii darayo, wejigiisa hor ka fool leh khatar iyo dhibaato, xaq statements hore Gandalf in this yar hiwaayad leedahay wax badan oo ka badan waxa ay u muuqataa at jaleecada hore.

Bilbo ayaa kaydka ee xoogga hoose in xitaa hobbit ayaan si dhab ah u qaadan kartaa qarsoon. Wajahaada trolls ah, kiiska kaatunka Gollum ah, Dila caaro, dwarves samatabbixinta ee Mirkwood iyo hadalka fool ka fool masduulaagii Smaug weyn - oo dhan Bilbo this fursado si ay u tijaabiso uu niyadda. Bilbo u dhaqmo sida nin geesi ah oo run ah, iyadoo aan loo eegayn waxa imtixaanka ama isaga la siiyaa aayahooda.

Dzhon Tolkin - qoray "The Eebaha siddooyinkii" iyo "Hobbit The", shuqulladoodu weyn. Isha ugu weyn ee dhisato abuurka ahaayeen qoraalka ee Tacaddi qadiimiga (gaar ahaan Scandinavian iyo epics Anglo-Saxon sida Beowulf), taas oo farta laatiinka ah bartay at Oxford. Laatiinka ah ku qoray kitaabkii keenay guul weyn oo isaga "aabaha" ee khiyaali casri ah lagu sameeyo. Sannadkii 2008, The Times, ayuu lixaad kaalinta liiska 50 qorayaasha weyn British tan iyo 1945.