Yaa abuurtay radio? Marka Popov abuurtay raadiyaha

In ka badan 119 sano shirkadda uu leeyahay ma jirto in lagu ogaado ciddii abuurtay raadiyaha. Xaqiiqada ah in ku dhowaad waqti isku mid ah, this daahfurka cajiib ah by dhowr saynisyahano dalal kala duwan ka dhigay. Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi, Nikola Tesla, Genrih Gerts, Ernest Rutherford - kuwaas oo qof oo ku nool mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale ku xiran raadiyaha oo dhan. Ma aha sidaas muhiim ah, mid ka mid ah booqashadii ugu horeysay ee fikrad cajiib ah, oo dhan culumadu maal horumarinta sayniska gacan ka qiimo badan.

Furitaanka duurka electromagnetic

Haddii aad weydiiso ee Russia iyo Yurub ku saabsan cidda abuurtay radio, jawaabaha noqon doonaa gebi ahaanba kala duwan, jawaabta marka hore waa in Popov, iyo tan labaad - Marconi. Yaa waa xaq, dhab ahaantii, oo waa daalimiinta? Fikradda duurka electromagnetic la soo bandhigay in 1845 by Michael Faraday, waxaa mid ka mid ah daahfurtay ugu muhiimsan ee Dadka ahayd. 20 sano ka dib markii this Dzheyms Maksvell abuuray aragti duurka electromagnetic, oo waxay keeneen sharciyada oo dhan. Saynisyahanka caddeeyeen in shucaaca electromagnetic dacaayad ugu karaa meel at xawaaraha iftiinka.

Guulaha Hertz

daahfurka ee radio dhacay inta mahad Genrihu Gertsu. saynisyahan Tani cajiib ah in 1887, horumariyo matoor ee hirarka electromagnetic iyo resonator ah. Just sannad ka dib ayuu tusay dadweynaha jiritaanka hirarka electromagnetic, faafinayeen at xawaaraha iftiinka in meel bannaan oo lacag la'aan ah. taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah ku adkaysanayaan in raadiyaha ayaa la Been abuurtay by Faraday, Maxwell iyo Hertz. The koowaad iyo labaad helay jiritaanka hirarka electromagnetic, iyo Henry abuuray qalab.

Dhibaatada waxa ay tahay in design Hertz ee shaqeeyay wax yar uun mitir ka fog midba midka kale, oo keli ah dhimbiil oo loo arkay qadanayo, ka dibna mugdi ah. Qalabka aan ahaa nin qumman oo looga baahan yahay horumarin. Injineer cajiib ah oo aan waxba kharashka experimenter si loo hagaajiyo oo uu been abuurtay. Nasiib darro, Hertz ee ku dhintay da'da 37 ee 1894, wax yar ka hor furitaanka of Marconi iyo Popov.

isku mid ah oo tijaabo u Marconi iyo Popov

Haddii aan ka fiirsan dhinaca farsamada, waxaa Popov iyo Marconi ma wax cusub la furay, laakiinse oo keliya loo isticmaalo la alifay ee saynisyahano kale in la abuuro qalab hagaagtay. By design saynisyahano Hertz ku daray oo dhulka antenna ah, iyo ka wanaagsan coherer set dhaweynta signal - tube galaas la diiwaan gelintii biraha gudaha ah. qalab waxaa loo soo hindiseen Edward Brangli iyo in la hagaajiyo Oliver Lodge. Qubarada ma ay xiiseyneyso codsiga la taaban karo ee coherer ah, laakiin Marconi Popov waxaa halkii loo adeegsaday dhimbiil inuu ka soo leexdo call. Waxaa soo baxday in Ruushka iyo Talyaaniga sameeyey wax la mid ah, laakiin mid ka mid ah ka fikiray, waxa ka mid ah marka hore, waa waxa aan ilaa hadda loo yaqaan. Dabcan, Russia si adag u aaminsan yihiin in Aniga ayaa saas ku radio Popov sameeyey.

Biography Popova

Aleksandr Stepanovich Popov ayaa ku dhashay Urals ah, March 16, 1859 ku jirta wadaadka qoyska. Waxa uu marka hore ka qalin fasalada sare ee seminary ah, laakiin maxaa yeelay, wuxuu ahaa soo jiidatay inay korantada, ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo u baxay inuu St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu ku qoran ee Jaamacadda Physics iyo Xisaabta kulliyadda. Marka ugu horeysa oo uu ka shaqeeyay sida koronto yaqaan caadiga ah, iyo in 1882 Popov qoray oo difaacay sida uu u sha on mashiinada Dynamo-koronto ah.

Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, Alexander Stepanovich diyaarinaya professorship ah. In 1883kii saynisyahan bilaabeen inay ku baraan Kronstadt fasalka sarkaal anigaa ah. In isku midka ah, Popov qaatay barayay at School Farsamada ee waaxda badda. Ka dib 8 sano Alexander Stepanovich ayaa lagu casuumay in ay Institute Electrotechnical Petersburg ee, ka shaqeeyay sida professor a waaxda physics ah. In 1905 Popov noqday agaasimaha hay'adda this. saynisyahan weyn on January 13, 1906 ku geeriyooday, Jidka dhicistii ahaa hemorrhage maskaxda.

Manfacyada Popova

Alexander Stepanovich dhow ula shaqeeyey ee Navy, oo waa Navy ah, ayuu abuurtay raadiyaha. Popov had iyo jeer uu xiiseynayo ee tijaabo ah Hertz, sidaas 1889 wuxuu siiyey taxane ah oo muxaadarooyin la socda bannaanbaxyo on theme ee cilmi-baarista ku saabsan xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya korontada iyo ifafaale iftiinka. Saynisyahanka maldahan at shirarka, in aqoonta this lagu saleyn karaa in dhaqanka, taasoo ismaandhaafka korsaar ah hoggaanka ciidamada badda.

Alexander Stepanovich la odhan karaa waa qofkii ugu horeeyay ee Russia oo aan kaliya fahamsan yahay qiimaha tijaabo Hertz ee, laakiin wuxuu iyagii ka helay isticmaalka wax ku ool ah. May 7, 1895, markii Popov abuurtay raadiyaha iyo muujiyeen loogu talagalay qalab at kulanka physicists Ruush, ee abuurista Marconi weli lama yaqaan. Waxay ahayd on May 7 ee Russia waxaa loo arkaa inay maalinta abuurka ee radio noqon.

All 1895 Popov heegan u ah horumarinta raadiyaha, uu sameeyay tijaabo on dhaweynta iyo gudbinta hirarka electromagnetic fogaan ah 60 m. January 20, 1897 saynisyahano Ruush u yimaadeen inay difaacaan xaqa ay u leeyihiin in sheegashada mudnaanta. Wargeyska The "Kotlin" maqaal cinwaankiisu yahay "Fiilooyinka aan fiilooyin," bartay oo ku saabsan tijaabooyinka Marconi, waxaa qoray Popov. Idaacada ugu horeysay ee soo hindiseen Alexander Stepanovich, ayuu tusay guga 1895 iyo qorsheeyay in ay sii wadaan shaqada ay horumar, laakiin waxa aan la diiwaan loogu talagalay qalab uu.

Mabda'a hawlgalka Idaacada ugu horeysay ee

alifay badan oo ay heli waayeen isticmaalka Been, iyo kaliya dadka cajiib leh kartida gaarka ah iyo fikirka aan caadi ahayn, fikrad cilmiyeed loo tarjumi karaa xaqiiqada galay, kaliya walaac Sweden sida iyo Alexander Popov. Radio abuuray aqoonyahan weyn, xubin ka mid ah daahfurtay ee injineerada kala duwan iyo physicists. Sidaas daraaddeed, Popov sida kaari coherer ah loo isticmaalo, waxa uu qiyaasay in ay isticmaalaan qalab sida giraan ah iyo diiwaan-of signal soo socda. Alexander Stepanovich isugu coherer, call iyo antenna dhisay qalab ka helaya hirarka iyo Hillaac leh. Iyada oo taageero ka saynisyahan radio a gudbin kara calaamadaha gaarka ah text macno leh.

Waa maxay sababta waxaa loo arkaa Europe aasaasihii Radio Marconi?

Seynisyahanno weli ma iman karo in ay heshiis guud oo ku saabsan su'aasha ah, kuwaas oo la Abuurtay raadiyaha. Alexander Popov soo bandhigey been abuurtay May 7, 1895, iyo Guglielmo Marconi sameeyey codsiga patent ah oo kaliya ee June 1896. Ugu jaleecada hore, wax walba oo u muuqataa in ay si cad, oo timir ah waa in uu bixiyaa saynisyahan Ruush, laakiin sidaas ma aha mid fudud. Xaqiiqada ah in Popov aysan isku dayin inay u sheegaan dadweynaha ku saabsan cilmi-baarista, iyo wargeliyo iyaga ku saabsan oo keliya goobaabin cidhiidhi ah dadka - saynisyahano iyo saraakiisha ciidamada badda. Waxa uu fahamsan yahay sida ay muhiim shaqo u taagan yahay hooyo, sidaas oo kale ayaa publications daabacay degdeg ma, ku hawlan qayb ka mid ah wax ku ool ah.

Guglielmo Marconi ku koray dalka hantigoosi ah, sidaa darteed ayuu wuxuu doondoonay inuu xoojin ma aha mudnaanta taariikhi ah ama sayniska, iyo sharci. Waxa uu ahaa ma curin galay lulid wax, laakiin kaliya marka la alifay waxay ahayd diyaar, ka dhigay codsi patent ah. Dabcan, sheekada waxba kuma laha leh dhinaca sharciga ah, laakiin qaar ka mid ah kooxda taariikhyahanadu la Marconi. patent ayaa la soo saaray July 2, 1897, taas oo ah laba sano ka dib markii dibad-Popov, oo uu been abuurtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, at Marconi waxay ahayd dukumenti in oo heshay ay mudnaanta, iyo saynisyahan Ruush ku koobnayn oo kaliya in ay daabacaadda daabacan.

In la gaaro Americans

khilaafka ku saabsan cidda abuurtay raadiyaha 1943, Maraykanka dhexgalay, maxaa yeelay, waxay heleen nin saanac ah ee dalka, kuwaas oo abuuray qadanayo. US caroodeen by xaqiiqada ah in meesha ugu horeysa waxaa la wadaago u dhexeeya Yurub iyo Russia, sababtoo ah waa ay isku wadanka yihiin Nikola Tesla, Injineer caan korontada iyo saynisyahan oo hore u sameeyey daahfurka weyn. muujiyay ee bayaankan ayaa la caddeeyey in maxkamadda.

Tesla ee 1893 xiranayo raadiyaha, iyo laba sano ka dib - raadiyaha. Qalabka wuxuu u yahay cilmiga Maraykan ah in signal raadiyaha a bedeli karin dhawaaqa loomana baahno, u gudbin, mar kale diinta galay cod loomana baahno. In uu yahay, waxa shaqeeyay sida qalabka casriga ah. Dhismaha Popov iyo Marconi dareemi lumin, sababta oo ah waxay gudbin karaan iyo ka heli signal raadiyaha a code Morse.

Yaa waa in la siiyo timirta ahaa?

Kuwaas oo saynisyahano ugu horeysay abuurtay radio? Jawaabta su'aasha tani ma aha sidaas u muhiim ah, waxa ugu muhiimsan in maskaxda wanaagsan ee ka shaqeeya on qalab cusub, oo ay shaqo iyo aqoonta rido. Marconi, Popov iyo Tesla yihiin xiran oo aan kasta oo kale, oo ku nool dalalka kala duwan iyo xitaa on qaaradood oo kala duwan, sidaa darteed ma jiro mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo aan wax xadin fikradaha. Waxaa soo baxday in fikradda ah saynisyahan radio a yimid qiyaastii waqti isku mid. Tani set duruufaha ayaa mar kale xaqiijiyay in sharciga Somalisch: haddii waqtiga si aad u furto, markaas daahfurka this Hubi in qof doono.