Xeryahooda Complex. Qeexid, kala soocidda

Si aad u siin qeexid dheeraad ah ama sax ka yar iyo waxa ka xeryahooda adag, kimistari oo casri ah in uu ku tiirsan yihiin qodobada aasaasiga ah ee aragtida isuduwidda ka, kaas oo uu soo jeediyay by A. Werner sida ugu horreysa ee 1893-murugsan ee arrintan been ah kala duwanaanshaha iyo badnaanta ah kiimiko ah ugu kala duwan ku dhacaan qeexidda dhismaha.

Guud ahaan, xeryahooda adag - a walax kiimiko ah, qayb ka mid ah taas oo ah taxane ah oo qayb ka adag. Ilaa iyo hadda, sayniska ma laha qeexidda adag "qayb ka adag". Inta badan loo isticmaalo qeexitaanka soo socda: walxaha adag fahmi walxaha qalafsan taas oo awood u madax banaan ka jira crystal iyo xal. Waxay ka kooban yahay qayb kale oo hoose, taas oo iyana awood u leeyihiin in ay si madax banaan u jiraan. Sidoo kale inta badan qeexidda of Qurub adag dhici qayb kiimiko adag oo, kaas oo dhammaan ama qayb ka mid ah xidhiidh loo sameeyay on mabda'a deeq-aqbalana ah.

Muuqaalka caadi ah, kaas oo u hantidaan oo dhan xeryahooda adag yahay joogitaanka gudahood ay qaab-dhismeedka la eb dhexe, helay magaca "complexing wakiilka". Marka la eego kala duwanaanshaha in xeryahooda waxay leeyihiin in ay ka hadlaan qaar ka mid ah sifooyinka guud ee element this muhiim ma aha. Inta wakiilka complexing waa la eb la xirrira biraha. Laakiin tani ma aha feature a adag, waxaa jira xeryahooda adag, taas oo la eb dhexe waa la eb of ogsijiin, baaruud, nitrogen, iodine iyo xubno kale oo ka dhigan nonmetals dhalaalaya. Isagoo ka hadlayay of wakiilka complexing lacag, waxa la odhan karaa in inta badan waxaa ka mid ah waa ay wanaagsan tahay, oo suugaanta ku cilmiyeed loo yaqaan xarunta biraha, laakiin waxaa jira tusaalooyin halkaas oo la eb dhexe iyo Leeyihiin xun, iyo xataa eber.

Iyadoo la raacayo, ee atamka ama kooxo go'doon xulay atamka in yaalaan agagaarka wakiilka complexing ah, loo yaqaan ligands. Tani waxay noqon kartaa qayb ka oo ka hor galay xarunta adag soo galo waa Britain ah, tusaale ahaan, biyaha (H2O), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (NH3), iyo kuwo kale oo badan, waxa ay sidoo kale noqon kartaa anions OH-, PO43-, Cl-, hydrogen ama H waxbarashada + a.

isku dayaya in ay kala saaraan xeryahooda adag sida ay nooca lacag adag kala kuwan kiimiko galay kaxeynayo cationic oo loo sameeyay agagaarka ra'iyi wanaagsan eedeeyay ah u taagoo dhexdhexaad ah. kaxeynayo Anionic sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa, taas oo complexant waa la eb la wanaagsan gobolka qayilo. anions fudud oo adag yihiin ligands. Koox gaar ah la takooro kartaa kaxeynayo dhexdhexaad ah. Ay formation dhacdaa by isuduwidda agagaarka eb taagoo dhexdhexaad ah. Sidoo kale in this category xeryahooda adag waxaa ka mid ah xeryahooda sameeyay shaqaynta isku mar ku dhawaad ah udhigo si togan ku amray oo u taagoo iyo udhigo si xun u eedeeyay.

Haddii aad u aragto tirada kuraasta lagu qabtay by ligands-ka loo yaqaan ee ka howgala shaqaynta, waa monodentate, bidentantye iyo polydentate ligands go'an.

Diyaarinta xeryahooda adag siyaabo kala duwan u ogolaanaya kala soocidda by dabeecadda ligand ah. iyaga ka mid ah la kala saaro ammines, taas oo ligands waxaa wakiil u taagoo ammonia, kaxeynayo aqua meesha ligands waa biyo, carbonyls - falalka carbon monoxide sida ligand ah. Intaas waxaa sii dheer acidocomplexes jira oo la eb dhexe oo colal ku harta acidic. Haddii uu ku hareereysan udhigo hydroxide, xeryahooda ku xusan hydroxycomplexes.

xeryahooda Complex ka ciyaaraan door muhiim ah ee dabiiciga ah. Macquul aheyn iyaga oo aan laga maarmin ee noolaha. Sidoo kale, isticmaalka xeryahooda adag ee waxqabadka aadanaha ogolaanaya hawlaha wax soo saarka adag.

chemistry Analytical, ka fiirsato ee biraha ka senti, electroplating, wax soo saarka ee rinjiga iyo varnishes - waxa kaliya liiska kooban ee warshadaha oo loo isticmaalay kiimikada adag.