Life on Earth ee muddada Cretaceous

muddo Cretaceous waa xilligii la soo dhaafay, xilligii final Mesozoic. Waxa uu ku guuleystay by Jacka ah, sida ay xisaabaha Haseyeeshee, meel ka mid ah 145 milyan oo sano ka hor iyo socday muddo siddeetan milyan oo sano, ka dib markii taas bilowga muddada Tertiary waa ka duwan yahay, ee Cenozoic, xilligii - ". Zaman ee nolol cusub" Magaca this yada halkii dheer horumarinta dhulka helay oo xidhiidh la leh xaqiiqda ah in ay naga tageen dhaxal ah kayd aan nuurad lahayn awood of marl iyo ciid. Inkasta oo inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo siddeetan milyan oo sano on Earth ma dhicin musiibo wax la miisaamayo Planetary, oo sidaas daraaddeed, eynu ee tiro badan oo ah dhirta iyo xayawaanka noocyada, weli dhaqdhaqaaqa taarikada tectonic, isbedelka ku dhacay isbedel heerka badda iyo cimilada caalamka ayaa beddelka ee geedi socodka of horumar of xayawaankii .

Cretaceous la kala qaybsanyihiin-qaybaha hoosaadka: nuurad lahayn hoose iyo tan sareba. Si aad u fahamto sida nolosha waxaad fartaan Wannaagga badaha, dhulka iyo hawada waqtiga, aad u baahan tahay inaad si kooban u sifaha marinka, tan iyo markii marxaladda Jacka habka orogenic tectonic. Ayado hoose Cretaceous of Gondwana iyo Laurasia sii waday in ay u guuraan midba midka kale iska. Sida saxda ah geeddi-socodka la mid ah ka dhacay oo la Africa iyo South America. Sayidka, ka Badweynta Atlantic sii yaqaanaan noo hadda qeexaya. Laakiin xagga bari ka ahayd Gondwana la mideeyay labadii Laurasia. Australia waxay ahayd halka ay ku nool yahay, iyo hadda, laakiinse biyuhu way kaceen oo kaliya saddex meelood meel ka mid ah goobta la joogo.

Cretaceous waxa lagu gartaa xaqiiqada ah in Safra waqooyiga heerka badda bilaabay inuu kici, iyo qaybo badan oo bariga Yurub, galbeedka Siberia, oo dhan ee Arabia, iyo ku dhowaad dhammaan of casriga Kanada ahaayeen biyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by dhamaadka muddada Cretaceous of Earth bilaabay inuu u eg qaabka ay caalamka casriga ah.

In muddo ah Cretaceous ayaa la bedelay iyo cimilada. Waxa uu, dabcan, waxay ahayd wax badan ka diiran casriga ah. Space of Europe ee maanta ku dednaa hawdka kulaylaha ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, at latitudes sare ayaa alternated xilliyo, iyo baraf jiilaalka. Noocan oo kale ah isbedelka cimilada siiyey kor u xaqiiqda ah in, oo ay weheliyaan spore iyo gymnosperms muuqday zakrytosemennye dhirta. dhirta noocan oo kale ah waa Beech, bjørk, ash, walnut, u muuqday in Zaman ee Cretaceous ah, ka badbaaday ilaa iyo maanta oo aan wax isbedel ah. Land helay dhirta ubax marka hore - Magnolia ugu horeysay, ka dibna waxaa kacay. In ubax waxay lahayd faa'iido ah in ay manka waxaa lagu fuliyaa dabayl ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale cayayaanka. Dhirta Fruit, gelinaya farcanka in faafinta midhaha via xoolaha midhaha cuna. Sidaas darteed, dhirta miro iyo ubax daadadku caalamka oo dhan.

Isbeddelka ku flora ee muddada Cretaceous keentay in soo bixitaanka of noocyada cusub ee dubato. In Steel hawada flit balanbaalis hore iyo shinnida duulaya quudinta nectar ee ubaxa. badda ayaa ku soo beegmay foraminifera saldanad, dhintay iyo qolof kala firdheen, oo siiyey magaca waagaas oo dhan dhulka. Dhinacyada iyaga la jira mollusks kale, reer Cammoon. Boqortooyada kalluunka Dadwaynaha galayaan iyo kalluunka lafaha. The xayawaanka xilligii Mesozoic - dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, ka dinosaurs iyo nuujiya hore - si ammaan ah "dhaqaaqay" ka Jacka si Cretaceous ah. Laakiin aan nuurad lahayn dhowr laan dhintay-dhammaadka dinosaurs birdlike dhimanayaan soo baxay, sida archeopteryx. Laakiin waxaa jira shimbir - awoowayaasha berriga casriga ah, plovers, shinbiraha iyo foggeey.

Era The Mesozoic (muddo Jacka gaar ahaan), sida ay filimka caanka ah, waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan xilligii of dinosaurs ah. Guud ahaan, xukunka dinosaurs qadiimiga dhawrayay aan nuurad lahayn. Laakiin muddo la soo dhaafay, Stegosaurus baaba'aa ka dhulka dushiisa, oo Misbaax ee Tyrannosaurus. flora Rich qeyb ka ah ee noocyo cusub oo ka dinosaurs herbivorous: Triceratops, ankylosaur Iguanodon iyo kuwa kale. Waxaan dhihi karnaa in noocyada kala duwan xayawaan qiroweyn xilligii Cretaceous halkii. Oo wakhtigaas this, qarinayaan ka dhisan ee Burrows ay, ay ku noolaayeen iyo taliyayaashii mustaqbalka ee Dhulka - nuujiya. Niemooleey, sida jiirka dhif gaadho hal mitir oo dherer ah, noocyada ugu ahaayeen egglayers, marsupials xayawaanka yar testaceous ama yar yar, oo miisaankeedu yahay ilaa 500 g. Laakiin wuxuu iyaga gadaal ka ahayd mustaqbalka.