Wayneeyo NATO: marxaladaha iyo xaaladaha

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on waddada horumarka uu maray dhowr marxaladood ee fidinta iyo soo noqnoqda isbedel of fikradda guud ee hawlaha. Dhibaatada waxa ay tahay ballaarinta NATO ba'an si ay Russia ku biiro ururka si bariga, inuu soohdintooda Russia ee.

Sooyaalka Taariikheed ee NATO

baahan A for nooc kala duwan ee ururka muuqday on arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee dunida jir ah ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. dib u dhiska Post-dagaal, gargaar dalalka ay dhibaatadu saameysey, hagaajinta daryeelka-dalalka xubnaha ka ah isbahaysiga, iskaashi, nabadda iyo ammaanka - waxan oo dhan ayaa noqday dardargelinta sababaha ugu muhiimsan ee geeddi-dhexgalka ee Europe.

dulmari UN ayaa ah halbeegyada tayada 1945, Midowga Western Yurub ahaa maamaan ah in EU casriga ah, Guddiga Yurub - da'da la mid ah sida NATO - oo la asaasay 1949. Fikradda ah midaynta Europe ahaa in hawada tan iyo 20-mada ay qarnigii XX, laakiin ilaa iyo dhamaadka dagaalka oo baaxad weyn oo ah, ma suurto gal ahayd in la abuuro iskaashi . Oo isku day ugu horeysay ee is-dhexgalka sidoo kale aan si gaar ah guul: ururka, abuuray sannadaha guudahaan hore, waxay ahaayeen kuwo inta badan burbursan oo muddo kooban ah.

Ujeedadu waxay bilaabo Ururka Heshiiska Woqooyiga Atlantikada

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization ama Alliance Atlantic ah) waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1949. Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee ururka military-siyaasadeed loo caddeeyey ilaalinta nabadda, si ay u caawiyaan dalalka ay dhibaatadu saameysey iyo horumarinta iskaashiga. ujeeddooyinka ugu sarreeya ee NATO - iska hor imaad ah ee saamaynta Soviet in Europe.

The ugu horeysay ee ka tirsan NATO waa 12-goboleedyada. Si aad u taariikhda, NATO mideeya 28 dal. ururada Military ayaa ku isticmaala 70% ka mid ah miisaaniyadda caalamka.

Barnaamijka Global NATO: tezisno ku saabsan ujeedada isbahaysiga ciidamada

Ujeedada ugu weyn ee hoos u dhigay in dokumentiga ku xusan Ururka Heshiiska Woqooyiga Atlantikada, waa ilaalinta iyo dayactirka nabadda iyo ammaanka ee Europe iyo dalalka kale - xubno ka mid ah Ururka (Maraykanka iyo Canada). Markii hore unit la sameeyay si loo yareeyo saameynta ay Midowga Soofiyeeti, 2015, NATO ayaa u yimid inuu fikrad modified - halista ugu weyn ee waxa hadda loo weerar Ruush suurto gal.

Marxaladda dhexe (bilowgii qarnigii XXI ah) waxay bixisaa for hordhaca ah ee maaraynta dhibaatada, wayneeyo Midowga Yurub. Barnaamijka Global NATO "Active Engagement, Difaaca Modern" ka dibna wuxuu noqday qalab ugu weyn ee ururka saaxadda caalamka. Currently, ammaanka waxaa inta badan sabab u hayo meelaynta goobaha military gayiga Dawladaha xubinta ka ah iyo joogitaanka ciidamada military NATO.

Marxaladaha ugu weyn ee ballaarinta gaashaanbuur militari

ballaarinta ee NATO kooban hay dhowr marxaladood. Saddexda hirarka ugu horeysay ka dhacay xitaa ka hor inta Midowga Soofiyeeti ay burburtay sanadkii 1952, 1955 iyo 1982. ballaarinta dheeraad ah oo NATO ayaa lagu gartaa ah tallaabooyinka si caddaalad ah dagaal ka dhan ah Ruush iyo horumarinta ee Bariga Yurub. ballaarinta ugu weyn ka dhacay sanadkii 2004, xilligan musharixiinta si ay ugu biiraan NATO sideed dalalka. Oo intaas oo dhammu dalalka Yurubta Bari, Balkans, iyo xataa Caucasus.

Sababaha ballaarinta NATO waa cad. Ururka Heshiiska Woqooyiga Atlantikada kordhiyay saamayntiisa iyo xoojisaa joogitaanka ee Yurubta Bari iyada oo ujeedadu of xakamaynayaan gardarada ah khayaali Ruush.

racii ugu horreeyey ee la wayneeyo, Greece iyo Turkey

The ballaarinta horeysay NATO ayaa ka mid ah gudaha North Atlantic Treaty Organization Greece iyo Turkey. Tirada Xubnaha unit ciidamada markii ugu horeysay kordhay February 1952. Later, halka Greece (1974-1980 sano) ma ka qayb NATO sababtoo ah xiriir murugsan oo la Turkey.

West Germany, Spain iyo xubin ka baaqan Midowga

The ballaarinta labaad iyo saddexaad ee NATO ayaa la calaamadeeyay by goysiga ah ee Germany (tan iyo bilowgii October 1990 - midoobeen Germany), si sax ah toban sano ka dib Victory ee Parade halyeeyga iyo Spain (1982). Later Spain ka mid ah meydadka ciidamada NATO, laakiin sii joogi doonaa xubin ka mid ah ururka.

In 1954, Alliance ku bixiyey inuu ku biiro Atlantic Treaty Waqooyiga iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti, laakiin USSR uu diiday in la filayo.

goysiga ah ee dalalka Visegrad

The dharbaaxo ugu horeysay run ahaantii xanuun ahaa ballaarinta NATO Bariga ee 1999. Markaasuu ku biiray isbahaysiga saddex ka mid ah afarta dal Visegrad, midoobeen sanadkii 1991, dhawr dal oo ku yaal Bariga Yurub. Waayo Atlantic Treaty Waqooyiga biiray Poland, Hungary iyo Czech Republic.

Inta badan ballaarinta oo baaxad weyn, jidka loo maro bariga

Fifth, wayneeyo NATO ku jira isbahaysiga toddoba dalalka yurubta bari iyo Northern: Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria iyo Slovenia. Wax yar ka dib, Xoghayaha Difaaca ee Maraykanka ayaa sheegay in Russia waa "marinkii ee NATO." Tani waxay mar kale ka xanaajisay sidii loo xoojin lahaa joogitaanka isbahaysiga ee Yurubta Bari iyo ku jawaabay in ay isbeddel ah ee ururka of fikradda heshiis North American ee difaaca ka dhanka ah suurto gal gardarada Ruushka.

Marxaladda lixaad ee ballaarinta: khatar ku cad

stage Last xilligan wayneeyo NATO ee ka dhacay 2009. Markaas NATO Albania iyo Croatia, ee ku taalla Jasiiradda Balkan ah.

Shuruudaha xubin ka liiska NATO ee ballanqaadyada

xubin NATO ma noqon karo gobol kasta oo doonaya inuu xubin ka mid ah NATO ay noqdaan. Ururka ayaa ka dhigeysa weeraryahanka dhowr ah oo looga baahan yahay in ay ka qaybgalayaashu ka iman kara. Waxaa ka mid ah qodobada sida xubin shuruudaha aasaasiga ah ee la ansixiyay 1949:

• meel ka mid ah xubnaha NATO ka iman karta Europe;

• ogolaanshaha ee dhammaan xubnaha isbahaysiga in ay galaan dawladda.

последним пунктом уже имелись прецеденты. On dhibic la soo dhaafay mar hore oo laysku raacsan. Greece, tusaale ahaan, faragalin goysiga Macedonia ee Ururka Heshiiska Woqooyiga Atlantikada sabab ah in ay jiraan weli aan la xalin khilaafka ku saabsanaa xagga magaca Macedonia.

Sanadkii 1999, liiska waajibaadka xubnaha NATO ayaa lagu daray a alaabta more yar. Haddaba, xubin ka mid ah ka iman kara ee isbahaysiga waa in ay:

• si ay u degaan khilaafaadka caalamiga ah by hab nabadeed,

• Go'aanka qowmiyadaha, gobolada, murannada dhuleed iyo mid siyaasadeed oo waafaqsan mabaadida OSCE;

• ixtiraamaan xuquuqda aadanaha iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga;

• abaabulo gacanta ciidamada qalabka sida ee Gobolka;

• haddii loo baahdo, si ay u bixiyaan macluumaad bilaash ah oo ku saabsan gobolka dhaqaalaha dalka;

• in ay ka qaybqaataan hawlgallada NATO.

Waa maxay xiiso leh: qaar ka mid ah liiska aan sax ahayn waajibaadka, sida ay ka mid yihiin dhaqan la'aanta qaar ka mid ah qodobada. -Tirka xubin ka iman kara ee Isbahaysiga waxyaabaha shaqsi saameyn go'aanka kama dambeysta ah ee la ansaxiyo NATO, laakiin ma aha muhiim ah.

Partnership North Barnaamijka Treaty Organization Atlantic

Isbahaysiga ayaa ciidamada ayaa sameeyay dhawr barnaamij iskaashi in loo fududeeyo gelitaanka galay NATO iyo dalalka kale ee ay bixiyaan saamayn juqraafiga ballaaran. Barnaamijyada ugu muhiimsan waa sida soo socota:

1. "Partnership for Peace". Si aad u taariikhda, barnaamijka ka soo qayb galay 22 States, waxaa jira saddex iyo toban xubnood oo hore: 12 iyaga ka mid ah hore u yihiin xubno ka buuxa isbahaysiga, Russia, ka harsan tahay xubin hore ee barnaamijka iskaashiga, waxaa ka soo baxay PfP ee 2008. xubin kaliya oo ka mid ah Midowga Yurub, kaas oo aan ka qayb PfP waa Cyprus. Helitaanka dalalka galay NATO ka hortagtaa Turkey, tilmaamayaa in khilaafka la xalin u dhexeeya qaybaha Turkish iyo Greek oo reer Qubrus.

2. qorshe iskaashi Individual. Ka qaybgalayaasha la joogo sideed dalalka.

3. "Wadahadal Fast". Waxay isu keentaa Montenegro, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina, Ukraine, Georgia.

4. Qorshaha Action Xubin. Waxaa loogu talagalay saddexda waddan, labo ka mid ah ay ahaayeen hore "wadahadal Fast" ka qaybgalayaasha barnaamijka: Montenegro, Bosnia iyo Herzegovina. Barnaamijku wuxuu sanadkii 1999 oo qayb ka ah Macedonia.

ruxruxo toddobaad ee ballaarinta, kuwaas oo ay soo socda si ay ugu biiraan NATO?

Barnaamijka Iskaashiga soo jeedisay wadamada noqon doonaa xubin ka xiga ee isbahaysiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid xaqiiqdii sheegi kartaa waqtiga uu ku soo galeen madaxda sare ee xubnaha ka ah Ururka Heshiiska Woqooyiga Atlantikada. Tusaale ahaan, Makedoniya waa wada hadal la dedejiyey la NATO tan iyo 1999. Halka tan iyo saxiixa barnaamijka PfP si toos ah ku soo galeen madaxda sare ee xubnaha States of Alliance ee Romania, Slovakia iyo Slovenia wuxuu ahaa toban sannadood jirtay, Hungary, Poland iyo Czech Republic - wadar ahaana ah shan, Albania - 15.

Partnership for Peace: NATO iyo Russia

wayneeyo NATO ayaa ka qayb qaatay xiisadda sii kordhaysa on isbahaysiga tallaabo dheeraad ah. Ruush Federation ka qaybgalay barnaamijka "Partnership for Peace", laakiin isku dhacyada dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan NATO ballaarinta in East, xataa haddii Russia waa ka soo hor jeedda, lahaa doorasho lahayn. Federation Ruush ayaa lagu qasbay in ay joojiso in ay ka qayb barnaamijka iyo sii wado horumarinta jawaabta.

Tan iyo 1996, danaha qaranka Russia ayaa waxay noqdeen kuwo si gaar ah oo cad-cut, laakiin sidoo kale dhibaatada NATO ballaarinta Bariga waxa uu noqday more ba'an. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka Moscow bilaabay si loo horumariyo fikradda ah in damiin ugu weyn ee ammaanka ee Europe waa in aan noqdo garabka milatari, iyo OSCE ah - Organization for Security iyo Iskaashiga in Europe. stage A cusub ee xiriirka ka dhaxeeya Moscow iyo NATO ayaa waxaa si sharci ah u xaqiijiyay in 2002, markii Rome la saxiixay Baaqa "NATO-Russia Relations: A Tayada New".

Inkastoo muddo gaaban ah aysan xiisad, Moscow ee mucaaradka ah in ay isbahaysiga military oo kaliya daran. xasilooni darro ee xiriirka u dhexeeya Russia iyo NATO sii si ay u muujiyaan marka hawlgalka milatari ee Libya (2011) iyo Suuriya.

arimo

ballaarinta xagga bari NATO ee (gaaban: geeddi sii 1999, markii ay isbahaysiga ku biiray by Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, iyo ilaa hadda) - taasi waa sabab dhab ah daal ku kalsoonidii Ururka Heshiiska Woqooyiga Atlantikada. Xaqiiqada ah in arrinta xoojinta joogitaanka ay u dhaw xadka dalka Ruushka waxa sii xumeeyey su'aasha ah ee jiritaanka heshiisyo ku saabsan non-ballaarinta NATO in ay bariga.

Inta lagu guda jiro wada xaajoodka u dhexeeya USSR iyo USA ee la sheegay in waxa la isku raacay in aan la ballaarin NATO in ay bariga. Fikrado ku saabsan arrintan fido. Madaxweynaha Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev la hadlay oo ku saabsan helitaanka damaanado ee non-ballaarinta NATO in soohdimaha Russia oo casri ah oo afka ah, wakiillo ka socda isbahaysiga ku doodaya in yabooha lama siinin.

Siyaabo badan, ah ee kala duwan ee su'aasha ma aha in ay ballaariso hadalka khaldan dallacsiiyey FRG Wasiirka Arrimaha Dibadda ee 1990 ballanka. Waxa uu ugu baaqay isbahaysiga in la yidhaahdo horumarka in dhinaca soohdimaha Midowga Soofiyeeti ma noqon doonto. Laakiin haddii loo xaqiijiyo sida ay u sameeyaan ballan? murankan aan la xalin ilaa haatan. Laakiin xaqiijin oo ku saabsan ballankii oo ka mid ah non-ballaarinta NATO in ay Bariga noqon kartaa kaarka buunka ku jirta gacanta Russia saaxadda caalamka.