Dhirta Relic. Noocyada dhirta relic

Mala'igtu - waa organisms dhawrayay dunida meelaha qaarkood tan iyo wakhtiyadii hore, inkastoo ay isbedel ee shuruudaha jiritaanka. Waxay yihiin haraadiga kooxaha isirka, kuwaas oo baahsan ee xilliyo dhulka ee la soo dhaafay. Erayga "relic" waxaa laga reliquus ee Latin, taas oo macnaheedu yahay "intiisa kale."

dhirta iyo xayawaanka Relict waxaa ka mid ah qiimaha sayniska weyn. Waxay yihiin xambaarsan macluumaad iyo waxay noqon kartaa wax badan oo la sheego oo ku saabsan deegaanka dabiiciga ah ee jireen waagii teesto ah. In la helo qof aqoon u leh noolaha dhirta lagu tilmaamay inay relic ah.

dhirta relic dhuleed

By noocyada relict juquraafi ahaaneed ee dhirta waa sii raagayaan ee gobolka gaar ah sida kuwa hadhi doona oo ka mid ah xilliyo la soo dhaafay dhulka ee kaas oo shuruudaha jiritaanka badan oo kala duwan laga bilaabo maanta. Sidaa darteed, Neogene (sare) Mala'igtu ka mid kaynta la xirrira geedaha (Chestnut, zelkova, iyo kuwo kale oo yar), tiro ka mid ah ku xoortay geedihii canbaha (Goryanka Colchic, sharxay, aculeatus ruscus, rhododendron pontic et al.), Oo dhirta cawska sii kordhaya ee Kolkhida. Tani waa noocyada cadaalad ah kulaylka-jecel ka mid ah dhirta relic, si ay u haayo goobaha la cimiladu diiran.

Tusaalooyinka relicts glacial waa cinquefoil dhiiqo, koraa Caucasus, iyo kii cilin bjørk, dhawrayay Central Europe.

relicts Phylogenetic (fossils nool)

Kuwani noocyada hadda jira ee ka tirsan taxa, ku dhowaad si buuxda u malaayiin bakhtiyeen sano ka hor. waxay waa la ilaashaa, sida caadiga ah, ay sabab u go'doomin ah ee kala duwan oo degaanka ka ah kooxaha ka badan horumar. By dhirta relic phylogenetic waxaa ka mid ah sida ginkgo, Metasequoia, horsetail, sciadopitys, Wollemi, Liquidambar, Welwitschia.

ginkgo

geed Relict, waa mid ka mid ah ugu da'da on Earth. Study of tijaabooyinka, lafo muujinaya in da'da Ginkgo ma ka yar yahay 200 milyan oo sano. Waxay u muuqday bilowga Permian ee dambe, iyo in GROW bartamihii Jacka horay ugu yaraan 15 genera Ginkgo.

Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba ) - noocyada kaliya sii raagayaan ilaa haatan. Waa warshad kaymo tirsan gymnosperms. Sarajooggeeduna waa 40 mitir. Geedaha waxaa lagu gartaa nidaam xidid fiican oo heer sare, adkaysi u tahay xaaladaha cimilada kasin, gaar ahaan in ay dabaylo xoog badan. Waxaa jira dhacdooyin in ay gaareen da'da 2.5 kun. Years.

Maxaa yeelay, marka lagu daro gymnosperms ginkgo leedahay geed iyo gran, hore loo arkaa our warshad sidoo kale waxay ka tirsan yihiin geed ah, inkastoo ay tahay mid aad u kala duwan oo iyaga ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taariikhda, waxaa jira talooyin in awowayaashiin yihiin farcankii ferns Ginkgo qadiimiga ah.

Hadda ka arkay kuwan loogu yeero fossils nool noqon kartaa oo kaliya in Shiinaha iyo Japan. Laakiin maanta, geedka waxaa lagu beerayaa jardiinooyinka iyo beeraha botanical ee North America iyo soonka dadka fareen of Europe.

Metasequoia

Waxaa loola jeedaa in panulirus ah fiiqfiiqan qoyska beroosh. Currently, waxaa jira oo kaliya relic a raagayaan - gliptostrobovidnaya Metasequoia (glyptostroboides Metasequoia). dhirta baahsan ee noocyada this ahaayeen kaynta ee Northern Hemisphere ee. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay u dhintaan sababo la xiriira isbeddelka cimilada iyo tartan ka dhirta ballaadhan irdo. tijaabooyinka noolaanshaha geedka this laga helay 1943. Ka hor inta in, Metasequoia waxaa laga helaa oo kaliya ee foomka of fossils oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay bakhtiyeen.

Si aad u taariikhda, kuwaas oo dhirta relic waa sii raagayaan duurka kaliya ee gobollada ee Sichuan iyo Hubei (dhexe ee Shiinaha) iyo ku jira International Red Kitaabka, maxaa yeelay, iyagu ayaa qarka u saaran inay dabar go'aan.

Thanks to Metasequoia racfaanka muuqaal ah waxaa la koray ee beero iyo firdows of Central Asia, Ukraine, Crimea, Caucasus, iyo sidoo kale in Kanada, Maraykanka iyo dalal badan oo Yurub ah.

Liquidambar

Liquidambar (Liquidambar) iska leh ee panulirus dhirta ubax qoyska Aptingievye oo ay ku jiraan shan noocyada. dhirta baahsan relic xogta ku jiray mudada Tertiary. Sababta ay eynu in Europe ahaa baraf weyn inta lagu jiro Age Ice ah. isbedelka cimilada iyo gacan ka lumay ee noocyada ka North America iyo Bariga Fog.

Maanta Liquidambar caadiga ah ee North America, Europe iyo Asia.

Dhir kaymo arrin weyn in koraan 25-40 mitir, oo leh caleemo palmate-lobed, iyo ubaxyo yaryar, waxay soo ururiyeen inflorescence globular. Oo midhaha leeyahay sanduuqyada muuqaalka Woody, gudaha taas oo ay jirto hannaanka a of abuurka.

equisetum

Mala'igtu Kuwani - waa warshad panulirus of vascular dhawrayay tiro badan oo tiradoodii waqtiga xaadirka ah oo ku saabsan 30 noocyada. All noocyo hadda sii kordhaya cows dilka ah. height ku koraan in ay dhowr mitir. The noocyada ugu weyn waa horsetail ku Rafaa (giganteum Equisetum). Marka dhexroor ee jirridda, oo aan ka badneyn 0,03 m, ka gaari karin height ugu badnaan 12 mitir. Koraaya horsetail Rafaa ee Chile, Mexico, Peru iyo Cuba. Waxaa sidoo kale ku koraa iyo foomka ugu awooda badan - horsetail Schaffner (schaffneri Equisetum). At height a of 2 m ballaciisu yahay 10 cm.

Afkoda horsetails lagu gartaa qallafsanaan sare, taas oo lagu sharaxay by joogitaanka silica. Geedaha sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin a xididdada u horumaray si xoog leh oo xididdada adventitious at qanjidhada ka dhex kuwaas oo ah mid aad u adkaysi u arrimood xun kala duwan oo xitaa ku noolaan karaa ugaar ah. Horsetails waa wax caadi ah on qaaradood ugu, Australia mooyee oo waa kaliya Jacaylku.

Wollemi

geed relict Pine wakiil nooca kaliya - Wollemi sharaf leh (Wollémia nóbilis). Waa mid ka mid ah dhirta ugu da'da weyn. Waxaa koraa dib in muddo ah ka Jacka. Warshad waxaa loo malaynayo in ay bakhtiyeen muddo dheer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1994, Wollemi la helay mid ka mid ah shaqaalaha of Park Qaranka ee Australia by David Noble, kuwaas oo sharaf iyo ayaa loo magacaabay views (nobilis - "sharaf leh"). Waxa la ogaaday dhowaad Asheeraah relict oo dhan. Age of dhirta ugu da'da weyn helay sida la sheegay uu ka badan yahay 1000 sano.

geed Wollemi waa mid qaali ah. Sidaas darteed, waxay noqon kartaa ilaa 35-40 mitir. dhirta caleenta yihiin caleemaha si buuxda isku Agatis Jacka, waxaa jira qiyaastii 150 milyan oo sano ka hor, waxaana la fuulaan awoowe lafo Wollemi ka muddada dabayaaqadii Jacka.

sciadopitys

Waxaa jira qaab ka mid ah oo keliya - sciadopitys whorled (Sciadopitys verticillata). In ka xilliyo dhulka ee la soo dhaafay, noocan oo kale ah dhirta ahaa faafinta weyn. Tani waa caddaynta ku xaqiiqada ah in hadhaagii la ogaaday in Cretaceous ee Japan, Greenland, Norway, Yakutia, in Urals ah.

Halkaa marka ay marayso in xaaladaha dabiiciga ah sciadopitys uu korayo oo kaliya on jasiiradaha qaar ka mid ah Japan, halkaas oo lagu hayay at height ah 500-1000 m kor ku heerka badda ee kaymaha buurta qoyan, iyo sidoo kale on dhaadhacyadii, ee haadaamaha fog ee geedihii Asheeraah.

Sciadopitys - geed canbaha ayaa taajkii pyramidal ah. Waxaa koraan karaa si height a of 40 m size jir ee goobada -. Si 4 mitir. Lagu gartaa koritaanka aad u gaabis ah. geedka waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan "geed dallada" sababta oo ah qaabka gaarka ah ee cirbadaha ka. Its irbad simay isagoo dhererkiisu wuxuu celcelis ahaan ilaa 0.15 m, whorls been ah u sameeyaan oo ay ku kala gooni dhinac, sida haddii Afayeen dallada.

miraha Sciadopitys waa loo yaqaano gadood, muddo ku fulan taas oo ah laba sano.

Tan iyo sciadopitys waxaa laga yaabaa in waqti dheer si ay u koraan in weelasha, waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in dismaha ornamental sida dhirta gudaha iyo aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo. Sida dhaqanka park soo bandhigay in Europe ka qarnigii 19-a.

Welwitschia

Welwitschia cajiib ah (mirábilis Welwítschia) - noocyada extant kaliya. Mid ka mid ah saddex xubnood oo ka mid ah gnetalians fasalka halkii tiro badan hore ee ka dhaca maanta. magaceedii Welwitschia cajiib ah u helay sababta oo ah muuqaalka oo aan caadi ahayn.

Warshad ma jecla kuwa wax cawska ama on baadiyaha ah ama geed. Waa jirridda qaro weyn, 15-50 cm ridday korkiisana ciidda. Qaybta intiisa kale waxaa ka mid ah waxaa ku qarsoon hoos dhulka. Oo sidaas caleemo relict gaaraan 2 mitir ballaaran oo 6 mitir oo dherer ah. da'da tijaabooyinka, qaar ka mid ah in ka badan 2000 sano.

Welwitschia waa kaledii ah koonfurta-galbeed ee Afrika, kuwaas oo cidla ah dhagax Namib ah, waxa uu ku yaalaa xeebaha Atlantic. Warshad waa mid aad u dhif ah in la helo in ka badan 100 oo mitir oo xeebta ah. Tani waa sababta oo ah waa meel fog noocan oo kale ah looga gudbi karo ceeryaan ah in Welwitschia waa il biyo nolosha-siinta.