Waa maxay tamarta Gibbs xorta ah?

Free Gibbs tamarta - waa wax qiimo weyn in muujinaysaa heerka isbedelka tamarta ee reaction kiimikada ah, oo sabab u ah jawaab la siiyo si ay su'aal ku saabsan suurtagalnimada of falgalka kiimikada. iman kara Tan waxaa loo qaadan karaa tamar ah nidaam buuxa kiimiko (crystal dareere ah, iyo D. sidaas on.). tamarta free Gibbs waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in chemistry iyo thermodynamics.

socodka lama filaan ah ee geedi socodka isobaric-isothermal waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa arrimaha soo socda: enthalpy iyo entropy. marka hore waxaa la xidhiidha hoos u dhac in enthalpy nidaamka, halka heerka aruuray labaad ay sabab u tahay in la kordhiyo habka ay sabab u tahay sii kordhaya ee ay entropy. Farqiga u tilmaamay arrin thermodynamic oo waa shaqo ka mid ah dalalka nidaamka, oo loo yaqaan iman kara isobaric-isothermal, ama tamarta free Gibbs (G, KJ).

nidaamka lama filaan ah in nidaamka furan iyo xiran waxa lagu tilmaamay by shuruudaha gaarka ah, loogu magac daray iman kara Gibbs ah. Dhab ahaantii, waa shaqo dawladda ah. D. U. Gibbs, marka la nidaamyada thermodynamic shaqeeya, keenay habkaani iyada oo enthalpy iyo entropy. Gibbs tamarta free kuu ogolaanaya in la saadaaliyo jihada socodka geedi socodka noolaha lama filaan ah, iyo si ay u qiimeeyaan in taasi noqoto hufnaan aragti ahaan la heli karo.

Iyadoo la tixgelinayo labaad waxaa soddog u ahaa thermodynamics gunaanad Gibbs lagu soo koobi karaa sida soo socota: at cadaadis joogto ah iyo heerkulka iyada oo aan saamayn ka baxsan nidaamka hayn doonaa heerka socodka lama filaan ah oo kaliya in ay geedi socodka kaas oo dhici doona ay sabab u tahay hoos u qiimaha iman kara Gibbs si heer taas oo dhacda dul iyaga oo gaarey ugu yaraan joogto ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, dheelitirka ee thermodynamic nidaamka go'aan ka tuso tamarta free. Sidaa darteed, awood of enthalpy free ah Gibbs 'waa in nidaamka isobaric-isothermal ah. Ha noo sharaxdo sababta waxaa lagu tilmaamay ugu yaraan. Tan waxaa loo sharxay by a thermodynamics hoganaya lagama maarmaan postulate, sida soo socota: dawlad la siiyaa marka xaalad ka mid ah heerkulka joogto ah iyo cadaadis ka dhigan tahay in isbedelka soo socda ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo kordhiyo heerka tamarta, iyo tani waa suuragal ah keliya la beddelo arrimo dibadeed.

Iyo waxa loola jeedo tamarta free? By xilli waxaa loogu tala galay hannaanka lagu helo tiro aan xad lahayn tamar la'aan ama kharashka yar ee tamarta. Taasi waa, tamarta laga helay qoraxda, xireenada marawaxadaha dabaysha, - waa tamarta free, maxaa yeelay, annagu ma dayacno tamarta on in fallaaraha qorraxda ee dhulkuu ku dhacay, biyaha biyaa webiga ama dabaysha afuufeen. Ilo noocan oo kale nagu wareegsan waxaa aad u badan yihiin, wax badan oo ka mid ah ayaa weli ku jira aan la aqoon in ay sayniska. Taasi waa iyaga on waqti ka waqti iyo experimenters "xumaan" alifay kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah waxay Been, kuwaas oo ahaa tamarta free of Tesla. Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano, tamarta ee uu ka helay, ay asal ahaan ka soo ether ah (vacuum) qaaday. Waa wax laga xumaado ah in uu been abuurtay marna keenay in ay dhamaadka macquul ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daahfurtay sida sii wadi doonaan dadaalkii daacadnimo, habka aanu joojin. Maanta, waxaa jira wax badan oo shatiyada, ku saleysan taas oo - tamarta free. circuit mid ka mid ah qalabka sida, eeg xagga sare.