Waa maxay mijana saxda ah? Taariiqda

mijana sax ah wakiil ka soo beegay post-saameynta tayada iyo tirada shaqalada iyo shibbanayaasha. u dhigma The more codadka, sare u saxnimada. Tusaale ahaan, sax jira fursado sida "baaquli - hooseeyo", "wadada-hen", "baxsadaan - neefsan" iwm Rifma tixgeliyo ku filan haddii ay jiraan kadis ah laba ama ka badan oo dhawaaq ... beegay ee shaqal ah kuma filla. Sidaas daraaddeed, labo ka mid ah "waa - nafta" aan ereyo, laakiin "waa - dayaxa" - waa.

Mijana ma sax ah waa ay dhacdo kadis (oo mararka qaar laba) dhawaaqa. Waxaa lagu gartaa faraqa ku dhawaaqaysa shibanne ku jira dhawaaqyo unstressed in dhammaato line ah. mijana slant in maansadu waxay noqon kartaa wax badan ka badan sax ah. Ma aha la'aan xagga shuqullada - lid ku xad ah, tan iyo mijana slant waa badan qurxin dhawaaq ah, ka dhigi badan oo kala duwan, "saqafka - ayaan maqli" - iyo kuwa kale, "garbaha fiidkii".

sax guun ah iyo graphic

Dhawaqa iyo mijana sax ah oo muujinaysa heshiis la dhawaaqa carabka ku shaqal dhammaadka aayadda.

Garaaf ahaan iyo mijana saxda ah waxaa loo arkaa marka ay jirto kadis ah ee intaa dheer in dhawaaqyada xarfaha.

Tusaale ahaan, iyo mijana ah "a neecaw - tiradaasi" waa uun dhawaqa sax ah, halka laxanka ah "neecaw - abaalmarinta a" ama "neecaw - xukun jecel" waa sax in labada dareeme.

mijana hodan

Foomka waxa uu ka dhacayaa, haddii uu jiro pretonic kulan (tixraac) shibanne. nin hodan ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay ereyo (lahjadda on dhawaaq la soo dhaafay): "Water - Miikaa," "aad - Neva ah"; Si ka duwan haweenka (lahjadda on dhawaaq ka ceshadka): - ". Eray - mar kale" "biyo lacag la'aan ah",

mijana saxda ah ee gabayada classical Ruush

classicism suugaanta Ruush ayaa la soo saaray ee XVIII-bilowgii. qarniyo XIX. iyo gartaa maaddo sare, darnaanta style iyo abuurista images fiican qaarkood. wakiilada u fiican oo habkani ahaayeen G. R. Derzhavin, AP Sumarokov, M. V. Lomonosov iyo DI Fonvizin. Waa maxay mijana saxda ah ee dhaqan gabay classicist? Laga bilaabo gabayada A. ku D. Kantemira iyo si uu shuqulka hore ee G. R. Derzhavina (qarnigii XVIII) gabayo Ruush waa distinguished heesaha garaaf ahaan saxda ah:

"Sida ugu wakhtiga la joogo uma noqon doono

Calendar iyo geesiyaal, dadka baraf

Bradobritiem oo dhan camal busurmanskim,

Ha xeerkii hore u ahaa qolooyinkii xaq "ma tagaan

(A. D. Kantemir "Dawladdu waxay dunida this. Si qorraxda").

Madaxbannaanida Qaar ka mid ah waxaa mararka qaarkood la ogol yahay, laakiin si ka badan oo ah qaab ka reeban. (. Bilowgii qarnigii XIX ah) Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dabayaaqadii in Derzhavin siinayaa xeerkii jiib muddo classical:

"Ilaahayow! boqorka Sii Caddaalad

Iyo runta Tsarevo ina,

Haa, dadka loo adeego doonaa

Oo ilaaliyo iyo Ajir.

(GR Derzhavin "Hordhac Sulaymaan oo xukun," 1979).

Tusaale kale:

"Fal sim gariiray yaamayska

Iyada oo undergroun yaamayska

Iyada oo oo ololaysa nasan uu sakaraadaya "

(GR Derzhavin "fission Saa'uul," 1809).

Waa maxay mijana saxda ah ee tusaalahan? Waxaan u aragnaa ku badan ah iyo mijana dhawaqa sax badan naqshadeynta ah, halka sidoo kale ma jiraan wax mijana: - ". Runta - Abaalka" "yamayska dhulka hoostiisa ah" iyo Derzhavin dooda innovator qaar ka mid ah qaab gabay, ka dhoofin fahanka classical of mijana. Isla mar ahaantaana dhawaaq Abwaan, in kastoo nooc oo kala duwan oo eheeyn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu noqonayaa mid ka badan oo qoto dheer iyo asalka ahayn ka horreeyay Derzhavin.

dhaqanka gabay qarnigii XIX ah

qarnigii XIX gabayada Ruush ma taageeri CARTA Derzhavin iyo sii wadaan in ay u hoggaansamaan dhaqanka ee classicism, si cad u qeexaya mijana saxda ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bilowgii qarnigii VA Zhukovsky iyo A. S. Pushkin ogolaan a xoriyadda gabay qaarkood - qaar ka mid ah leexashooyinkaasi yar ka dhamaadka saxda ah ee harmonies. Tusaale ahaan, by truncation "th" dhawaaqa final "Eugene - hooskii" "gabbaro - sacab"; by dhawaaqa iyo mijana final "r-x": "hal - Ruuxa", iyo qaar kale.

qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XIX-aad ayaa stringency hoose for mijana sax. Tusaale ahaan, harmonies ogol yahay dhawaajiyaan "y" iyo "s", "xanuunsan - doonista", "Hoolka - casaan" (N. A. Nekrasov, A. A. Fet); huraanka dhawaaqyada ka hadlay iyo unvoiced dhqaalaha "kajirin - digniin" (NA Nekrasov), iwm

Poetry ee qarnigii labaatanaad

In horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, isbedel cusub ee gabayada - jiib qaybaha kala duwan hadalka. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira isbedel ee meter versification qofka jajabkii gabay gaaban by size. Taa baddalkeeda, iyo mijana slant ayaa noqonaya mid aad loo jecel yahay, "rays - rabbayn" (A. A. Ahmatova), "dabaysha - in dunida" (AA Blok). Waa maxay mijana saxda ah ee gabayada of Age Silver ah? Muddadan, noocyo badan oo cusub ayaa kasoo baxaya heesaha - raznoudarnyh, raznoslovnyh iyo dissonasnyh.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in kuwan tabo cusub oo gacanta ku hal, aad bay u hodan fikirka Ruush gabay, dhinaca kale, waxa ay keeni karta qalalaase halis ah suugaanta. Sida magdhowga abaabulka lagu sameeyo iyo mijana hodan saxda ahaa eraygii (in xeerkii dugsiga Sumarokovo gabay), soo nooleenta ah oo ka dhacay qarnigii labaatanaad.

In prosody casriga ah iyo mijana kasta - sax ah oo aan sax ahayn siman - waxaa laga yaabaa in ku haboon gabayo ah wax soo saarka gaar ah. qiimaynta dirayaan of doorashada mid ka mid ah noocyadan gabayada mar dambe ma jirto.