Ross Macdonald (Kenneth Millar), qoraa: Biography, hal-abuurka

Kenneth Millar, qarinaya magaca Ross Macdonald, laga yaabee, waa xubin ka mid saddexaad ee wax-u Trinity Quduuska ah Baare adag, oo ay la socdaan Deshielom Hammett oo Raymond Chandler. Oo qaar badan oo waa qoraaga ugu muhiimsan iyo tacliin ixtiraamo saddex ah.

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Kenneth waxa uu ku dhashay on December 13, 1915 in Los Gatos, California, laakiin ku koray, oo waxaa lagu bartay ee Kanada, halkaas oo uu si joogto ah la kormeerayo xanuun ka hooyada iyo isku xigta ka mid ah qaraabada, iyada furiinka la aabbihiis Millar, badmaaxa ah, gabayaa iyo qoraa ka dib. Sida laga soo xigtay Kenneth, uu tirin tirada qolalka taas oo uu ku noolaa intii uu lix iyo toban sano ee ugu horreysa. Waxay soo baxday in wadar ahaan iyo konton. La'aanta xididdada iyo booska uu ka maqan steel waalidka ujeedada ugu soo noqnoqda suugaanta ku Millar.

Kenneth dugsiga hoyga ah, iyo in 1938 joojiyey waxbarashadiisii uu ka dhiga jaamacadda Western Ontario, hal sano gudahood in ay u safraan Yurub. Markaasaa waxaa jiray booqashada Nazi Germany. Waxa uu si Kanada ku soo laabtay, guursaday Margaret Sturm iyo waxbarashada dhameystirtay at the University of Michigan. Millar bilaabay wax ku barayay oo, u waxyoonay by guusha suugaaneed oo uu naagtiisa (Kenneth iyo Margaret - yaqaan qorayaasha American), ayaan bilaabay in ay qoraan. In 1939, gabadhooda Linda ayaa ku dhashay.

qoyska hal abuur leh

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, laga yaabee isag soo socda wadadii uu aabbihiis, badmaaxa ah, Millar noqday sarkaalka isgaarsiinta saarnaa side wehel u Navy Maraykanka ee Badweynta Pacific. In 1946, markii doonnidii ku jiray California, Margaret ninkeeda soo booqday, oo laba ay go'aansatay in ay halkaas joogaan. Naso oo uu naagtiisa naftiisa ku noolaa Santa Barbara.

Waxay sidoo kale ku noolaa, ama ugu yaraan si u muuqatay. Millar (hoos magac maldahan ee John, ka dibna John Ross iyo ugu dambeyntii Ross Macdonald) iyo Margaret ayaa si joogto ah la daabacay. Kenneth bilaabay taxane ah oo shuqullada la Baare gaarka Lyu Archera. "Diirada Live" buugga ugu horeysay oo uu ka qayb noqday Baare ee 1949.

dhibic Personal iyo hal abuur ka leexdo

Markaasuu wax walba ka tegey oo si habsami leh. Isaga u gaar ah nolosha qoyska ah uguma qummanayn - bilaabay dhibaatooyinka guurka, iyo Linda ilmahaaga dhibaato ahaa. Caawiso teraabiyada cilminafsiga, iyo novel ee 1959, "Galton Case" ahaa tub ah labada shakhsi ahaan iyo hal-abuur leh. jaceeylka ayaa la Baare ee Archer (iyo Millar) sir ah, sheekooyinka qarsoon ee qoysaska iyo sida dembiyadii foomka la soo dhaafay hadda ugu dambeyntii lagu rabbeeyey - arkeen kuwii doonayay inay arkaan oo dhan. In kastoo ay shuqulladii hore la Archer uu si wanaagsan u qoran iyo ficil-buuxiyey oo, "Galton Case" waxay ahayd bilowgii shaqadii this.

Laga bilaabo halkan on Ross MacDonald mar kale iyo mar sheeko la mid ah ku garaacday: kala duwanaansha aan dhammaadka lahayn on theme la mid ah carruurta laga badiyay iyo tageen, waalidka maqan iyo waxyaalaha qarsoon qoyska. In gacmaha qoraa khibrad yar u yeelatay karo hack ah. Laakiin ma aha in ay dhacdo Millar.

Ross Macdonald: war qoraal ah oo ka mid ah guul

In 1969, dib u eegista wanaagsan bogga horyaalka ah "New York Times" ee (author - William Goldman) novel dambeeyay Millar of taxane ah oo Archer "eegno ee la soo dhaafay", kaas oo uu daba socday waraysi lala yeesho Dzhona Leonarda ugu dambeyntii soo jiidatay dadkii ugu naqdiya, in qoraaga had iyo jeer waa ma ku filan. Dabcan, ixtiraamka in uu helay qofka maanta ayaa lagu helay in this article mahad. Laakiin caan ah waxayna ku raaxaysteen Ross MacDonald (qoraaga buugga waa ineysan si shuqullada iibka Stephen King ayaa), waxay ahayd in lagu saleeyo wax ka badan dhowr sheegaye wargeyska.

Inkastoo maqaalka u muuqday inuu u xaqiijiyo xaalada MacDonald, iyagu ma ay qaban "Ruuxaaga quduuska ah," Baare ee ay la socdaan "ina" "aabbe" Hammett oo Chendlerom-. Dhaleeceyn bilaabeen in ay adeegsadaan weedha ah "in xeerkii Hammett, Chandler iyo Macdonald" ee 60eeyaha hore. Xaqiiqada ah in Knopf ahaa publisher saddex oo dhan, sidoo kale ayay cunto siisaa, fikirka, iyo sidoo kale xaqiiqada ah in novel Hammett ugu horeeyay ee u muuqday in 1929, Chandler - in 1939 iyo Macdonald - in 1949. Waxa ay ahayd sida horumarinta a dabiiciga ah ee sheeko Baare ah.

aqoonsado loona saxiixo muhiim ah

Inkasta MacDonald Ogayn ahaa siman Hammett oo Chandler u '50s, waxa uu ahaa by fog qoraaga muhiimada marsiiyey sano this. guul A muhiim ah oo ganacsiga ee filimka "Harper", oo ku salaysan novel ugu horraysay ee qoraaga "diirada Live" ah, xoogaystay kaliya uu caan 1966. Waxaas oo dhan waxaa ka hormarey articles ee "Newsweek" iyo dib u eegis buug "The New York Times," taas oo runtii waa dulucdii geedi socodka dheer ee korodhsi aqoonsado loona saxiixo muhiim ah.

Waxa ay ahayd oo dhan taageerayaashiisa daacad ah? Waayo, dad badan oo buugga la Lyu Archerom waa heer suugaanta noloshooda. Worth akhrin, oo aad rabto inaad akhrido inta kale. Oo tanu waxay mar marka waxba loo yaqaan ku saabsan abaalmarino, laakiin a xayeysiis dhowr ah oo ku saabsan daboolida halkaas joogay.

Ross Macdonald: Raadraaca

• "Dark Tunnel" - 1944.
• "Diirada Live" - 1949.
• "Whirlpool nuugayo" - 1950.
• "Sidee si ay u dhintaan qaar ka mid ah" - 1951.
• "Ilko caddayn ballaaran Dhimatay" - 1952.
• "Raadi allabari" - 1954.
• "Barbary Coast" - 1956.
• "Rusushii ka mid ah qasa" - 1958.
• "Waxaa Galton" - 1959.
• "Wycherley" - 1961.
• "Sanduuq xariijimo" - 1962.
• "Qadhqadhyo" - 1964.
• "Kooxda dambe ee doolarka" - 1965.
• "Dirty Money" - 1966.
• "Cadowga Bated" - 1968.
• "Madaxweynaha oo sagootiyey hortooda" - 1969.
• "Aasay" - 1971.
• "Hurdada Beauty" - 1973.
• "Blue Hammer" - 1976.

Innovator Baare adag

Dabcan, qaar ka mid ah advertising Macdonald, gaar ahaan u gaar ah, waa ay adag tahay in la dheefshiido. Oo aan dhan shuqulladiisa siman xoog badan yihiin. in ka badan Hammett oo Chandler wada - Mar kale, wuxuu badan oo buugaag ku qoray. Iyo Russia ayaa ku soo bilaaban sheeko dembi halkaas oo ay marna ka hor ahayd, iyo sidaas in la iibiyo badan oo buugaag. Archer laga yaabaa ahaa Baare ugu horeysay ee gaar loo leeyahay kuwaas oo dhab ahaantii ka tagay sumaddii iyo calaamadsan bilowgii a qoto dheer cilmi nafsiga Baare adag ee cusub.

danaha kale Millar ayaa waxaa ka mid ah ilaalinta iyo siyaasadda. Ross Macdonald si ay u sahamiyaan bulshada xiiso iyo joogto ah la beddelo ee gobolka hoyga u ah, in kasta oo uu hamiday weyn ee ahaa qarsoon convoluted iyo inta qalbiga ee qarsoon aadanaha, ku cuneen oo runta qarsoon, raad dhibbanaha la mid ah oo dilaa ah. Oo dhamaadka uu calaamad muhiim ah in nooca ka tagay, ayaa doonaya qof ama ma.

Raad naxariistay Archer (ama dhiig slabodushie, iyada oo ku xiran aragti) waxaa ogan in shuqullada Roberta Parkera, Michael Collins, Bill Pronzini, Sue Grafton, Dzhozefa Hansena, Jonathan Valen iyo Stephen Greenleaf iyo qorayaasha kale oo badan. Qof waa in si dhab ah uu kitaabka ku akhriyey, ma ahan oo keliya dhowr ka mid ah hadalladii wargeyska qoraaga.

aqoonsi asxaabteena

In 1965, qoraaga ahaa madaxweynaha oo ka mid ah Society of Baare American 1964 helay "Silver seef" iyo 1965 - "mindi Golden" Ururka British ah ee qorayaasha of sheekooyinka Baare, iyo in 1981 uu lagu gudoonsiiyay abaal marin ee Achievement Lifetime ka Society American ee Writers sifayn baare ah.

Ken Millar dhintay July 11, 1983, si loo ilaaliyo dhaxalka, ayaa sidoo kale ka tagay ay ku ganaya on novel Baare ah. Archer taxane ah dalabaadka ka akhristaha ma aha oo kaliya si ay u xalliyaan qarsoodiga nolosheena u gaar ah, laakiin, ka sii muhiimsan, isku day in aad u fahmaan.

Haddii Deshiel Hammett neefsanaysay oo qabow Baare ciidamada heer hoose iyo Raymond Chandler noqday aasaasihii ay midab jirta, ka dibna Ken Millar, aka Ross Macdonald, wuxuu siiyey sifayn ee ixtiraamka uu hadda ku riyaaqaa bixinta qornaa caalami ah oo loo fududeeyo habka ay u taabacsan.