Vladimir Myasischev: culus diyaaradaha supersonic

Recently, warbaahinta daabacay fariin rayadka dhacay warbixinta, Vladimir Denisov, shaqaale ka tirsan xarunta cilmi-baarista iyo meel-soo-saarka Ruush. Waxaa ka hadlay sida fikradda ah dhismaha pride design dhow-xidhay, awoodna u leh safarada dayaxa ama Mars, Venus duuli ku wareegsan.

pride The, qorshe, fulin doona dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaw quraxda xidiga ah oo duurka ku of cuf taasi oo ka propulsion isku dhafan ee rakibaadda a nuclear. duulimaadka Orbital ayaa la qorsheeyey in ay sabab u tahay "propulsion korontada", shiday saldhigga awoodda nuclear, ku yaalaan on board.

Gudoomiyaha ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in aasaas u ah mashruuca noocan oo kale ah ayaa mar horeba la sameeyey by saynisyahano Ruush, gaar ahaan Myasishchev Vladimir Mikhailovich. Isla mar ahaantaana hadlayay taxadir leh aamusan oo ku saabsan darajo military ee qofka loo yaqaan.
Wuxuu ahaa injineer Major General.

degdeg ah ee arrinta lagu soo qaaday warbixinta

Vladimir Denisov, bixinta mawduuc cilmi suurto gal ah si cad si dadban ula keenay marxaladda of sawirada diyaarad ka shaqeeya Myasishcheva MG-19, horumarsan ee 70s ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay.

Waxay ahayd model ah ididiilo. In the case of Abuurkiisa, kaas oo la qorsheeyay dhamaadka 80s ee, USSR ee ay noqon lahaayeen kuwa badan meesha bannaan ee ka hor kulanka United States, si weyn, "ku garaaceen" barnaamijka American "Space Shuttle". The "M-19" waxaa aan dhammaystiran, si kastaba ha ahaatee, laba ka ab, injineerada meel Soviet, oo wuxuu noqday halyeey.

Iyada oo jagada maalinta la joogo barnaamijka qabyo Myasishcheva ayaa muddo 80 sanadood ah hoos u si qasab ah ku xidhay. Waa in la aqoonsado: diyaarad oo ka mid ah Soviet naqshadeeye diyaaradaha Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 ma ahayn dhibbanaha kaliya. Ku Meel Gaarka ah shaqaalaha-maamulayaasha markaas dumin sayniska military oo dhan oo u baahan dhaqaale iyo natiijada siinayaa oo kaliya iyada oo loo marayo sano ah, halka qarinayaan ka dambeeya Roles.

Sida ay sheegayaan qiyaasaha hadda, tobanaan diyaaradaha Myasishcheva leh xad-dhaaf ah loo hubiyo lahaa isbeddelkaas of Earth - Space muddo ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii XXI ah. Iyada oo taageero ka diyaaradaha kuwanu waa wax badan ka jaban iyo ka weyn waxaa la abuuray lahaa nidaam satalayt iyo saldhigyada bannaan. awoodaha dagaal nidaamka meel uga soo hagaagaysa.

design Universal - Diyaarad Myasishcheva MG-19 - waqti isku mid ah ilaa afar ujeedooyinka cilmi ah, abuurista:

• diyaarad supersonic qaaradda;
• diyaarad hypersonic shidaalka cryogenic;
• aerospaceplane;
• spaceship, kexeeyey by nuclear-ka nuclear.

dhigaayo diyaarad aerospace: Isla mar ahaantaana halkii mashruuc Soofiyeeti MG-19 "Buraan-2" mid ka mid ah hawlahan kaliya eryadeen. Si fudud u gelin, waxa uu ahaa oo keliya jawaab ku filan barnaamijka American "Space Shuttle", wax kale.

Vladimir, ka hor inta aysan barnaamij meesha bannaan ee, magiciisa oo duurka ku of technology duulimaadyada ammaaneen, abuuraya a Qarax culus supersonic. Uu Biography iyo cilmi farsamada ka go'an in this article.

Myasischev Vladimir Mikhailovich. xirfadiisa Hore

nolosha ninkan uu ahaa xooggan. Myasischev riyaaqay sharafta ka mid ah asxaabta. Uu Korolev ixtiraamo, labada injineerada caan ah diyaaradaha saaxiib dhow. Uu fikrad ahaa haleel waqti iyo horumarinta ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa sverhaktualnymi. Waxaa ugu Filan in la xuso in Myasishcheva diyaaradda la aasaasay 19 diiwaanka dunida.

Dhashay ee naqshadeeye guud OKB-23 ee 1902, oo ahaa ina baayacmushtari hodan ku ah gobolka Tula. Interest in duulimaadyada ayaa dhexdeenna sida ilmo, markii magaalada uu ku dhashay Efremov by doonniyawadayaasha Red degay. Wiil The taabtay gacmaha ay diyaaradaha iyo "jiro" oo iyaga u ah nolosha.

Myasischev ka School Moscow ee Technical sare ka qalin. Bauman in 25 sano oo waqti isku mid ah oo guursaday - Spendiarova in Elena, gabadhii laxamiistaha ah Armenian.

Ka dib markii qalin, oo uu ka shaqeeyay laba iyo toban sannadood ee Tupolev ah. Wuxuu bartay ee subtleties of design in madaxiisa Petlyakova VM Vladimir Myasischev. Diyaaradaha "Maxim Gorky" Ant-20, TB-3 yihiin midhaha shuqulka injineernimada iyo shaqaalaha farsamada, taas oo helay kulmaan geesiga of this article.

Vladimir istaagay baxay ka mid ah dadka dhiggooda ah aqoon jirka iyo xisaabta aasaasiga ah. In 1934, uu dusha kala abuurka Ant-41 qarxiyay toorbiidyo, sida madaxa kooxda TsAGI joogi.

Tan iyo 1937 Myasischev sida gelida wax soo saarka mass of Li-2 sida naqshadeeye sare ee tirada dhirta 84 (Khimki). Tani waxa ay ahayd waxa dhakhtar soo saar aqoonsi.

badbaadinta xiray

Ma waa u fududahay ciidanka ahaayeen waqtiyo cadaadiyo dusheeda oo dhan. Si credit oo ka mid ah shaqaalaha gaarka ah ee NKVD ah, "ayuu maskaxda ee Ciidamada Qalabka Sida" ayaa isku dayaya in ay ilaaliso. Waxaa laga yaabaa in uu yahay sababta 1938, ku simaha on an horumarinta injineer aeronautical hoggaamineed Kostolomov Beria ayaa waxaa la xiray oo lagu qasbay inuu la soo wareego wax qiranayay lagu waxyeeleynayo, isku dayay, oo soo diray si ay ugu adeegaan uu xukun ku design xabsiga xafiiska tiro 23.

Marka ay jiraan, Myasischev yaabay in wejiga la yaqaan, oo maxbuuska ah ayaa ka hor inta uusan mentor Petlyakova, Tupolev, Queen iyo in ka badan ah xirfadlayaasha darsin duulista. Waxay kaliya ma ahan wada shaqeeyaan, laakiin sidoo kale ku noolaa isla qolka.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, NKVD marna ahaa hay'ad samafal ah. In dadban Vladimir Mikhailovich oo ay ku jiraan xukun xabsi 10-sano ah oo lala wareego hantida. Dhinaca credit - ilaalinta ee nolosha, shaqo adag, tayo, jidaynayey mustaqbalka in la dayactirey.

constructor waxa uu ahaa nin wanaagsan qoyska. Badbaaday imtixaanka ka caawiyay isaga mar kale rajaynayaa in ay ku noqdaan qoyska. Sida uu dib u soo celin, iyada oo keliya naag warqado waxa aan la jebiyey.

warshadaha Aviation. shaqada baridda

Diyaaradaha ogaaday in uu baahan yahay in ay hal-abuurka iyo asalnimada. Mashruuca ayaa waa qarxiyay long-range cusub ee 1939 horumariyo Myasischev. Diyaaradaha ee wax soo saarka Soviet, ka horreeyay ay qarni isaga ka dambaysa. Vladimir soo bandhigay wax badan oo tabo cusub: Qalabka mashiinka-qoriga meesha fog laga maamulo, garabka khafiif ah iyo taangiyada dhisay, jiifku ay la mid wheel drive. In 1940, diyaarad la hore la sii daayay.

Tan iyo 1943, Vladimir Mikhailovich dhimashada isaga ka horeeyay, kadib markii uu hogaaminayo Kazan KB Petlyakova. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, soo saaray qarxiyay PE-2Waxaan, sarraysa dhigooda Jarmal ee sifooyinka.

In 1945 uu mashruuca si ay u abuuraan isku qarxiyay chetyrehdvigatelnogo aqoonsan yahay horumarinta unpromising oo la xiray. Laga soo bilaabo 1946 in 1951. Myasischev shaqeeya hormuudka ka mid ah macalimiinta ee dhismaha TsAGI diyaaradaha. Waxa uu si ujeedo qoto aqoontooda. Waxa uu, Engineer General Major, waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka waxbarasho ee professor.

From qarax istiraatiiji ah in pride

Myasischev waxaa aasaas khilaafsan tahay xaqiiqada ah in 1946 uu "laaday baxay codsiga Duulista" sababtoo ah rajo ah ee horumarinta. Sida professor a, waxa uu ahaa si ay u caddeeyaan daacad ee ay cilmi aasaasiga ah in ka soo baxay 1950 in warqad gaarka ah si ay Stalin awoodaan. Waxa uu aaminsan yahay. In 1951, Major-General magacaabay naqshadeeye sare ee horumarka ah ee qarxiyay istiraatiiji ah M-4.

Mashruuca ayaa soo baxday in ka badan guul. Vladimir Mikhailovich abuuray qarxiyay Soviet, oo noqday qoyska rodonachalnikdm oo dhan oo ka mid ah mashiinada (M-50, M-52, M-53, M-54).

In 1956, ka hor inta constructor ah markii ugu horeysay soo food leh hawsha abuuraya engine a nuclear. Engineer General kaamil ah ay model hore ee qarxiyay Intercontinental M-50. Iyada oo awoodda dagaal wanaagsan ee mashiinka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayaa barbaro isticmaalka Shiidaalka naqdiga: 500 metrik halkii diyaarad ee hal jiho in qaarada American. Si aad u maamuusi geesiga of this article, soo saaraha engine ma ahaa size.

Tani waxay khasaaro bilaabo diyaaradaha ee wax soo saarka serial ahayd muhiim. Designer go'aansadeen in ay u tirtiraan ee model soo socda.

diyaarad M-60 Myasishcheva The - Qarax istiraatiiji ah, kexeeyey nuclear-nuclear - waxaa la filayey inay hub Intercontinental badan oo horumarsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruuca la joojiyay. Waa xitaa xaqiiqda ah in dhibaatada radiation sayniska heer aan ogolaan karin. Just Xoghayaha Guud ee Khrushchev go'aansaday in gantaalaha rajo Intercontinental badan ballistic weeraro.

diyaarad Later go'aansatay in ay horumariyaan diyaaradaha ee bannaan. Tan iyo 1956, oo uu tirada OKB 23, ugu horeeyay ee Midowga Soofiyeeti shaqeeyay on abuurista diyaarad gantaal ah, caga on diyaarad. waayo-aragnimo cilmi badan lahaa Myasischev. meel uu diyaarad diyaar loo sameeyay oo leh "eber", sababtoo ah kuwa keliya ee shuruudaha ugu guud, ayaa ku tilmaamay by aragtiyaha. Mawqifkaa waxaa la saynisyahano qaranka, Maraykanka ayaa soo saartay barnaamij la mid ah "Space Shuttle". version Soviet of Slaam meel bannaan oo loo yaqaan "Buraan-1."

Vladimir yada shaqada qorsheysan on diyaaradda, analogues ah oo aan jirin. Si aad u bilowdo, uu CB ayaa sameeyay afar Lahjadaha suurto galka ah ee ay design:

• baalal leh xagal yar oo weerarka soo galo iyo qaybood Fariin hypersonic;
• baalal leh xaglo galo badan oo weerar iyo qorshaynta degtey,
• baalal lahayn oo leh dhaadhaca ah rotor ah;
• baarashuud degtey toobinta.

By horumarinta dhismaha ansixiyey nooca xagalka ah oo salka guri. Tallaabo-tallaabo shuqullo horumarinta fuliyay adag, laakiin qaddar darbay dharbaaxo hibo cilmiga kale. Thread xidhay. faragelinta Tani shakhsi ahaan sayniska xitaa ma arki kari waayay Myasischev: diyaarado Space ayaa riixay dib u Gantaalaha USSR. General Xoghayaha Khrushchev, waxyoonay by guusha S. P. Koroleva, go'aansaday: "Waxaan haystaa laba barnaamijyada ma jiid!" Qadarka oo ka mid ah Golaha Wasiirada ayaa lagu joojiyo shaqada on abuurista ugu horeysay "Buraan" ah.

The saynisyahan dambeeyay mashruuca

Vladimir Mikhailovich ahaa lowska adag in crack, waayo, kaasu cadaadisay, oo uu mid ka mid ah cilmibaadhe hormood ah oo duurka ku ah meel bannaan oo dunida ku noqday. Mawduucyada uu cilmi baaris ay xoog ku xireen laba jeer, laakiin ma uusan quusan. saynisyahan Kaliya hal koobay - da. Myasischev ogaa, bilowgii shaqadii caalami ah, ma uusan u leeyihiin in ay ku dhameysan. Sidan buu mar waxa uu sheegay in ku xigeenka koowaad: "Mashruucani wuxuu ii noqon doonaa song guumaysgeesaleyda. Natiijadan ayaa waxaa ka mid ah, ma aad heli. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan u bilaabi kartaa jihada saxda ah. "

Shestidesyatichetyrehletny naqshadeeye sida hoos afartan sannadood, xiiso kor u qaadatay horumarinta theme caalamka "Qabooji-2", taas oo keentay in mashruuca "Diyaarad Suborbital Myasishcheva MG-19." Waxaan abuuray diyaarad cusub.

The lagama maarmaan aasaasiga ah cilmi-baarista, design, imtixaanka, iyo ugu dambayntii la dhammaystiraysaa mashruuca waxaa lagu bixiyey in ku dhow labaatan sano. Hore loo qorsheeyay si ay u horumariyaan farsamada isticmaalka shidaalka cryogenic, ka dibna ay ka harsan tahay shaqo design.

Vladimir abuuray iyo kooxda xirfad iyo hal abuur leh midaysan si ay u xaliyaan shaqada sayniska iyo injineernimada. Head of adag design noqday Tohunts associate Myasishcheva AD, oo madax naqshadeeye - iz Plyusnin, taasoo keentay khubaro meelaha loo qoondeeyey A. A. Bruk iyo N. D. Baryshov.

duulimaadka suborbital Myasishcheva. engine

nidaamka propulsion gaar ah waa astaanta of model 19aad. Waxaa cadaatay in lagu turunturoodo, waayo, saynisyahano badan ah. Qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxaa loo arkaa astaamaha farsamo aasaas la haleeli mashruuca. Qaar kale waxay ka fikiray, waxa aan macquul ahayn si ay u abuuraan engine a nuclear, ma halis cir shucaaca naftooda.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, naqshadeeye kooxda kexeeyey, xisaabi soo koobin farsamo ee engine loo baahan yahay, si ay diyaarada Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19 mar dambe u muuqdaan kuwo khiyaal ah. Isugeynta nidaamka propulsion isticmaala tamarta uu cadaanyo nuclear, fursad ma aha oo kaliya si ay u horumariyaan dhow-Earth bannaan, laakiin sidoo kale u dhow Moon wuxuu isaga siiyey. xarunta nukliyeerka ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah si ay u isticmaalaan noocyada sare hubka bannaan: Ray, dogobka ishaada, cimilada.

Mashruuca ayaa sidoo kale la oggolaaday dhibaato gaadhista markabka. circuit shucaac ayaa la go'doonsan isticmaalaya Iskubedelka oo kulaylkana gaar ah. On arrintan, Vladimir wada joogto ah la Madaxweynaha oo ka mid ah Soviet Academy of Sciences Aleksandrovym A. P. Waxa uu ammaanay diyaarada abuuray by Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19, samaynta war adag in engine ah serial weheliso xarunta nuclear ku taagnaan doonaa toban sannadood.

Macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan engine ah

Tixgeli nidaamka of Myasishcheva engine nuclear. shidaalka hydrogen waxaa ka shaqeeya isaga, waayo, taasu waa bixisey in engine ah. Si aad u isticmaasho nidaamka dareere this shaqaalaynta oxidant nuclear-nuclear looma baahna. Shiidaalka waxaa combusted in cadaanyo silsilad gacanta ku maraysa hydrogen, taas oo loo beddelaa plasma waxaa saaray iyada oo biiyaha ah cadaadis badan iyo xoog "Space Shuttle" dhaqaaqo.

Mashruuca ayaa dhacay schemers dhibbanaha

waxbarashada xisaabeed ayaa xaqiijisay in awooda farsamo cajiib ah diyaarad aerospace ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u baahan tahay mashruuca dheeraad ah waxbarasho shan sano ah, si lama filaan ah seefta Damocles laalaadeen dhow. Wasiirka Difaaca Ustinov taageeray mashruuca fuliyay si deg deg ah Academician Glushko xigeenka "Energia-Buraan". Against asalka ah ee jagada qofka afaraad ee lagu qiimeeyo in meel ka mid ah USSR Diyaaradaha Wasiirka Warshadaha Dementeva P. V. taageeraya Myasishcheva diyaaradaha nuclear, waxa aan ahaa go'aan. Peter V., isagoo bartay dukumentiyada, fahamsanahay in MG-19 ay dhacdo in ay la aasaaso calaamadee doonaa kala tayada barnaamijka meel Soviet, iyo mashruuca "Buraan" - jawaab symmetrical in Pentagon.

Wasiirka warshadaha duulista markii qaar ka mid ah isku dayeen in ay dib u dhigto fulinta barnaamijka Academician Glushko. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka qeyb abuurka ah ee meel diyaaradaha shirkadaha hoose lagu wareejiyay amarka of Minaviaproma ee Engineering Wasaaradda Guud.

Sidaas schemers awood joojin mashruuca, abuurista diyaarad duulimaad sub-orbital Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19. Vladimir noqday naqshadeeye sare hoos u Lozino-Lozinski VG Work on diyaarad aerospace ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah joojinayaa soo baxay, oo ka dib markii Myasishcheva dhimashada ee 1978 ka, horumarka la xiray.

Sidee si ay u fahmaan qoraalka ee xarunta Khrunichev ah?

Readers hore fikrad guud ee waxa diyaarad Myasishcheva VM MG-19, ayaa hadda si cad u qiyaasi kartaa waxa loola jeeday in hadal dhawaan wakiilka hay'adda boos Ruush.

Waxaa ku jira xaddi gaar ah oo aan khiyaano. Far ka pacifist ahaa Major General Myasischev. Dhawaaqay in warbixinta hrunichevskom waxbarashada meel qoto dheer si dhab ah, waayo, Russia maanta ma aha a tirada mudnaanta 1. xaaladaha loo baahan yahay waa in marka hore ay dhacaan.

Halkan waa meesha ugu sameeyey sanadkii la soo dhaafay, madaxa waaxda ka mid ah Institute of Space Research Raas Igor Mitrofanov. Waxaa uu sheegay in cilmi-bannaan oo duulimaad noqon doonaa mid dhab ah in 25 sano, marka dhibaatada ilaalinta markabka la xalin doono iyo shaqaale ka shucaaca runtan.

jirrabaadda aad u badan si ay u isticmaalaan aan xad lahayn awoodaha meel military. diyaarad Suborbital diyaaradaha Soviet Vladimir Myasishcheva si weyn u yaraynaysaa kharashka bixinta iyo rakibidda qayb ka ah nidaamyada bannaan. Kuwa noqon kartaa hub oo saamayn ku garaaca wadnaha electromagnetic cadowga korantada, jaraysa ah gantaal laser awood badan, rido gantaalada gacanta laga hago ayaa saldhig dayaxa. samaynta maanta waxaa soo koraya iyo halkii ay hubka qalaad,

• cimilada,
• xannibay astiriyoodhada iyo iyaga retarget on bartilmaameed dhulka.

Sidaas darteed, hadday suurtowdo in la abuuro diyaarad maanta Myasishcheva M-19, ka dibna waxa ay ka dhigantahay hal wax oo keliya - wareeg cusub oo tartanka hubka ee horay u baadhay meel u dhow. Ka dib oo dhan, sahaminta ula kac ah oo adag oo qoto dheer la saadaaliyey by saynisyahano kaliya ee labaatankii sano.

Waxa ay noqon doontaa arinku in ay aaminsan yihiin in Xarunta Khrunichev ka heli doontaa qoondaynta mashruucan ma aha ciidamada.

gunaanad

Mar Wasiirka Duulista Warshadaha ee Dementyev USSR ku lahaa inookaga in la yidhaahdo kulanka diyaarad in mashaariicda Myasishcheva waxaa lagu fulin doonaa marka qabuurihii kuwii joogay oo dhammu, Faracoodii waa laga illoobi doonaa.

Waxa ay u muuqataa in uusan qaldantahay. Maanta mar kale keensataa tacaluqa qarnigii XXI ah, horumarinta todobaatanaadkii ah, diyaarad suborbital Vladimir Myasishcheva MG-19.

Sida laga soo xigtay awoodaha diyaaradaha sayniska ku salaysan oo ay, taas oo ka badan Major General shaqeynayaan ee Slaam meel on tilmaamo badan aasaasiga ah ee:

• azimuth kasta;
• madax banaan oo ku soo laabtay goobta bilowga iyo suurtagalnimada of self-dejinta;
• isticmaalka dhaqaale,
• isticmaalka kala duwan ee noocyada kastana falagiisuu dhex;
• Diyaarad meel ay suurtagal tahay sidoo kale u noqon hawada at height ah km 50-60 thous., ka dibna mar kale dib ugu space.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka "pros" oo dhan oo ka mid ah MiG-19 Myasishcheva helaan muhiimadda daraasadda ee dhismaha aan ka fogayn hadda. Ka hor inta aadan ha dadka geesi ah u baahan tahay in si cilmiyeysan iyo farsamo u xaliyaan dhibaatada ay ammaanka shucaaca.