Trans-Siberian Tareenka: rajada horumarka, qiimaha. Siyaabaha kor u qaadista of

Bannaysay in qarnigii la soo dhaafay Trans-Siberian Railway maraa dalka oo dhan iyo waxa isku xira in qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee Siberia iyo bariga fog. Tani wadada tareenka si fiican u qalabaysan, waayo rubac qarni ah, waa laanta tareenka ugu weyn ee Russia.

Start dhismaha

Go'aanka ku saabsan dhismaha tareenka Siberian on lacag khasnadda waxaa laga sameeyey by dowladda Saarka ee 80-mada ay qarnigii XIX ah. In 1887 saddex guutadii ayaa soo abaabulay in ay raadsadaan meelo dhismaha jidka wayn ah oo ka hooseeya-South Ussuri, West iyo Bartamaha Siberian Baikal Railway. Bilow ee dhismaha xisaab tareenka Trans-Siberian ee 90 sano ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Go'aanka si ay u qabtaan shaqada dhismaha Siberian Great Jidka la sameeyey ee xilliga qaboobaha 1891, dhismaha bilaabay on labada dhinac - ka Vladivostok in Chabrovsk.

Marxaladaha ugu weyn ee yeynan

Dhisay tareen Trans-Siberian, rajada ah ee horumarka ah ee , taas oo hadda si balaadhan ee dhowr marxaladood:

1. 1893 - dhismaha wadada ka River umuliya si Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - bilowgii dhismaha wadada North Ussuri.

3. 1897 - bilowgii pads sarkaalka ah.

4. 1898 - dalka ka umuliya u heleen inay Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - Go'aanka ku saabsan dhismaha Tareenka Circum-Baikal.

6. 1906 - baadhitaanka for saareen Amur Mainline.

7. 1911 - dhismaha goobta Kirk - p. Storm leh laan at Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - Guddiga ee buundada guud ahaan River Amur ah.

dhererkiisu weyn oo ka mid ah Railway Trans-Siberian horeba waa in sano kuwa u sahlay in ay noqdaan halbowlaha gaadiidka waaweyn ee dalka. Laakiin inta lagu guda jiro Dagaalkii Sokeeye, gobolka wadada cusub, nasiib daro, si weyn u sii xumaatay. Waxaa la wiiqay iyo wax badan oo ka mid ah buundooyinka gubay. Marmar halaagnay baabuurta iyo tareen. Isla markii dagaalka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan bilaabay shaqada dib u soo celinta oo baaxad weyn. Inta lagu jiro xilliga qaboobaha 1924-1925,., Tusaale ahaan, Amur buundada bogsatay. on line dhaqdhaqaaqa bilaabay in 1925 iyo sii waday oo aan la dhexgelin ilaa maantadan la joogo.

Trans-Siberian Railway in waqtigeena

History of tareenka Trans-Siberian waxaa ka buuxa noocyada kala duwan ee guulaha. In times Soofiyeeti, wadada si firfircoon u horumarsan oo waxaa loo arkaa mashruuc-dhismaha oo dhan. Si aad u taariikhda, Trans-Siberian Tareenka waa mid ka mid ah waddooyinka tareennada dhulka ugu awooda badan adduunka. In Russia, waxaana ay xambaarsan tahay in ka badan 50% ka mid ah gaadiidka oo dhan iyo dhoofinta badeecadaha. Transsiberian waa track electrified line a double, si buuxda u qalabaysan hab casriga ah ee isgaarsiinta iyo macluumaadka. line qalabka Technical qaadi karaan in ka badan 100 milyan oo tan oo xamuul ah sannadkii ugu xawaaraha ugu badan ee la oggol yahay ee 90 km / h.

Faa'iidooyinka khadka, ka wax kale marka laga reebo, waa maqnaanshaha baahida loo qabo in ay ka gudbaan xuduudaha kasta. Nasiib darro, kartida wadada sannadihii la soo dhaafay bilaabay inay hoos u. Oo waxay ka hadlaysaa baahida loo qabo in la casriyeeyo.

Trans-line qoreysa: dhererka waddooyinkiisa, dhex

Dhererka guud ee mareenka Trans oo ku saabsan 10 kun oo waa. Km. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waa waddada ugu dheer dunida. In guud ahaanteed ku yaalla 87 magaalo, 14 ka mid ah kuwaas oo xarumo goboleed.

Meelaha u adeegi jireen by wadada waa mid isku urursan 80% oo ka mid ah shirkadaha warshadaha ee gobolka iyo saldhigga khayraadka dabiiciga ah. Iyada oo Tranassib dhigay 30 wadooyinka tareenka xamuulka ah ee posts caalamiga ah iyo kuwa gudaha ah. Rakaabka qayb-xawaaraha sare ee safarka on this wadada, taas oo sii of network tareenka Yurub, ka Moscow si Vladivostok waa 6 maalmood.

Trans-Siberian Tareenka, rajada horumarka kuwaas oo si dhow ula xidhiidha koritaanka guud ee ka iman karta dhaqaalaha dalka, laba qaaradood: Europe (19.1% ka mid ah jidka) iyo Asia (80.9%). In guud ahaanteed waxay leedahay 1852 saldhigyada.

xaaladaha dabiiciga ah ee ku Railway Trans-Siberian iyo dhibaatooyinka la xiriira

Waxa ay jidka u bannaysay jidka dhammaan cimilada: steppe, cidlada steppe, taiga. In line qayb waqooyiga kordhiyay aaga jirkiisa kala ah (tus, meel u dhow Lake Baikal). Dhibaatooyinka oo xidhiidh la leh shaqaalaha tareenka leeyihiin si ay u gaadho soo socda:

• halis ah dhagaxyo soo jeeda ka dalcadaha iyo dhulgariir dhulka buuraleyda ah,

• baahida loo qabo dariiq daryeel joogto ah heerkulka lagu dhibciyo si weyn meelaha cimilada qaaradda,

• baahida loo qabo in ugu adeegno tiro badan oo ah buundooyinka,

• Waddooyinkiisa miisaamid joogto ah jirkiisa,

• diyaarinta ah si wax looga qabto saamaynta daadadka guga.

Sayidka, xaaladaha dabiiciga ah ee ku Railway Trans-Siberian la oran karo waa mid aad u adag. Si looga hortago saamaynta noocyada kala duwan ee deegaanka Tareennada u leeyihiin in ay qaataan lacag aad u badan ilaa xad.

rajada horumarka

Si aad u taariikhda, inta badan alaabta ka dalka bari iyo ilaa dhankeeda galbeed waa gaadiid badda. Shirkadaha gaadiidka Biyaha dareemaan monoboli, oo sidaas daraaddeed, inta badan isla ekeyn, ka badbadinin qiimaha adeegyada ay. Sidaas darteed, wax rarta badan Trans-Siberian tareenka loo arkaa kale wanaagsan in gaadiidka badda.

Marka tan la eego, Dowladda Ruushka, wada jir ah ula maamulka Tareennada Ruush, ayaa sameeyay go'an tallaabooyinka loogu talagalay horumarinta iman kara gaadiidka jidka weyn noocan oo kale ah, iyo sida Railway Trans-Siberian. Rajada horumarka la go'aamiyo ugu horayn by fikirka aqbalay ee g / d ee jidadka waaweyn ee Russia ilaa 2030, oo kaliya in ay 2015 for casriyeynta ee waddooyinka ayaa lagu qaatay 50 million rubles. Ilaa 2030, ku Railway Trans-Siberian ayaa la qorsheeyey in la abuuro xaalado wanaagsan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa tareenada gaar ah weelka iyo rakaabka. Intaa waxaa dheer, Golaha Iskudubaridka ee fikradda Ruush gaadiidka tareenada loo sameeyay wadada muddo ilaa 2020, kaas oo bixiya:

• heerka wax soo saarka ee tartan rasmi ah,

• horumar dheeraad ah oo ururka ka mid ah gaadiidka;

• hagaajinta tayada adeegga;

• horumarinta teknoolajiyada in ay bixiyaan macluumaadka macaamiisha oo ku saabsan meesha iyo status of alaabta ee waqtiga dhabta ah,

• kordhaya wax soo saarka ee dekedaha ku galbeed iyo bari ee dalka,

• abuurista xarumaha logistics casriga ah iyo t. d.

Horumarinta ee 2016

sifooyinka Guud ee Trans-Siberian Railway inuu xukumo waxaa ka mid ah sida tareenka ugu wanaagsan ee dalkeenna maanta. Bilowga ee 2016 ayaa lagu fuliyey go'an tallaabooyinka loogu talagalay electrification ee khadadka baska, dib u dhiska buundooyinka, sugnan iyo saldhigyada waaweyn. fiiro gaar ah waxaa la siiyaa wadiiqooyinka horumarinta Primorye Primorye-1 iyo 2-, iyo sidoo kale ururka ee xidhiidhka tooska ah ee u dhaxeeya Korea iyo Ruushka.

Siyaabaha kor u qaadista of

dhererkiisu weyn oo ka mid ah Railway Trans-Siberian, nasiib daro, oo ay macnaheedu ma aha bandwidth wanaagsan. Xiisadda ayaa saameyn xun ku dhan oo aan dhinacyo reebo dhaqaalaha, oo ay ku jiraan posts tareenka. Sidaa darteed, marka la eego arrimaha ururka diiradda la joogo ay tahay oo keliya in la kordhiyo awoodda dhex ee jirridda. Isla mar ahaantaana hawlaha ay fuliyeen ugu horrayn looga dan leeyahay:

• in la baabi'iyo dhibaatada of goosashada dhicis ah baabuurta gaarka loo leeyahay ka jidadka dadweynaha,

• soo jiidashada maal-gashiga ee gaarka loo leeyahay ee dhuumaha horumarinta kaabayaasha,

• isku darka wax ku ool ah oo ah hab kasta oo gaadiidka ku lug alaabtii.

Sayidka, line tareenka ugu weyn, taas oo in macnaha guud ee suuqyada caalamiga ah in uu rajo weyn ka dalkeenna - taasi waa Tareenka Trans-Siberian. Rajada horumarka sida kale ugu weyn ee gaadiidka badda hadda aan caadi ahayn ballaadhan. Xaaladdan oo kale, hawlaha mudnaanta leh waxaa loo tixgelinayaa in la yareeyo waqtiga dhaqdhaqaaqyada alaabta iyo in la wanaajiyo tayada adeegga rakaab ah iyo wax rarta.