The raagay caanka ah ee France. Qoondaynta of Khamrigu Faransiis

France waa gobolka ugu da'da weyn ee Yurub, kaas oo kumanaan sano sii si ay u sameeyaan dhaqan khamri ay. Waxaa halkan waa in qarnigii 6aad BC Dionysus waxa uu ku dhashay sharaf cabniinka.

Sida loo doorto khamrigii?

doorashada A Gormeega of noocyo Faransiis ma noqon doonto adag, si kastaba ha ahaatee, in dadka uninitiated kala duwan sida ka leexin kara madaxa ah. Ka hor inta aadan iibsan iska hubi in la baaro qoraalka ku dul qoran dhalada. Waxay muujisay fasalka, tirada degrees, nooca, halabuurka iyo Gudigga kale oo aan loo baahan yahay in ay iska indhotiraan.
Aan ka yarayn muhiim ah marka aad dooranayso raagay ee France waa taariikhda lagu sii daynayo iyo meel la sameeyay. waa in ay noqdaan calaamadaha kala ku haboon, tusaale ahaan shaabadda oo leh ama saxiixa ah oo ku saabsan qarbeddada ayaa ku tilmaamay kala duwan oo sharaf leh.

Marka aad iibsanayso khamri ma seegi kartid si faahfaahsan hal, xitaa habka of saaridda. Haddii sharaabka la sii daayay in geedka, waxaa laga yaabaa in budada ah. Halabuurka The of factor xataa xallin karo nin fudud ee wadada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor inta aadan iibsan waa in aad ogaan category, nooca iyo nooca khamri.

Qoondaynta by Halabuurka varietal

khamri Share noqon kartaa sababo kala duwan, tusaale ahaan waxa ku jira carbon dioxide, ama sonkorta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala soocidda ah fasalka aasaasiga ah. hudheellada True bixiso si ay fiiro gaar ah. Qoondaynta raagay ee France oo ku saleysan:

- monosepazhnye (ka dhigay mid ka mid canab);
- assamblyazhnye (ka dar ah ee noocyada kala duwan soo saaray).

Cabitaanada kala qaybsan yihiin oo ku saabsan content ee carbon dioxide. Halkan qarsan khamri xasilloon oo la dhalaalayay. France ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa caan ku tahay noocyo ay "xumbo" sida foro, iyo Domain. The khamri raagay oo xasilloon ma ku jiraan dioxide kaarboon, oo dhalaalayay - ka soo hor jeedda. Si aad u taariikhda, waa nooca labaad waa mid aad loo jecel yahay ee makhaayadaha-dhamaadka sare oo caalamka ah.
By heerka khamri ah oo sonkor ah ay qalalan yihiin, semi-qalalan iyo macmacaan waa macaan ama semisweet. Sida khamriga, wax walba waxay ku xiran tahay habka halsano ah. Caddadka khamriga kala duwanaan kartaa ilaa 23%.

Qoondaynta Quality

dad badan oo aan ogayn in raagay Faransiis yihiin dhadhan ayaa cashir. Heerka tayada ugu horeysay oo kaliya waxaa loola jeedaa sida. VDT Tani caadiga ah, ie noocyo miiska. Laga sameeyey canab in waxaa inta badan koray dalalka kale ee technology maxaliga ah. Inta badan, kuwani waa raagay assamblyazhnymi. iyaga waa ay yar tahay, sidaas darteed qiimaha waa ay yar yihiin. content khamriga - ilaa 15%.

heerka labaad ee tayo - VDP, ama noocyo "maxalliga". Shuruudaha for cabitaannada sida waa wax yar ka badan qolka lagu qadeeyo. Waa in ay in la sameeyo ka canab koray oo kaliya in dhulka ah oo ku hoos jira xaalad gaar ah. Noocyo Kuwani waa ka dambeeyaan Dhadhaminta dhamaystiran. sifooyinka dhadhan hodanka ah iyo waxa ku jira oo aan ka yarayn 9% khamriga. Qiimaha sibraar dhexdhexaad ah oo ku xiran tahay kala duwan ee.

Inta badan ku raagay ugu fiican ee France ka tirsan category ee kalle oo. habka wax soo saarka dhan The goosashada ka SBI gacanta guddi gaar ah. Waxaa jira muhiim ah oo dhan faahfaahinta meesha iyo sida canab waxaa koray, halkaasoo lagu kaydiyo iyo sida cadaadi ah, wakhti intee le'eg yahay xasillooni iyo xataa qaar ka mid ah foosto. Kormeerka waxaa lagu fuliyaa si adag sida ay xeerarka. Marka ay dhamaato oo khamri ah waxay u cid direen Guddiga shaybaarka cilmi ka dibna kaliya ay u dhadhamiyaan. Taasi soo saaraha ayaa helay ogolaanshahaaga si u fasaxo cabniinka, ay alaabta loo baahan yahay in ay gudbaan imtixaanada darsin ah, laakiin sida kaliya ee lagu gaaro natiijo kaamil ah. Fahamka waxa kala soocidda khamri Faransiis caawin kara iibsada u hureen in ay doortaan mid ka mid ah sort saxda ah ama mid kale. Waxaa xusid mudan in cabitaanka soo saaray gobollada guud ahaan aqbalay (Bordeaux, Burgundy, Languedoc, iyo D. sidaas on.), Waxaa si toos ah lagu tilmaamay inay kalle oo. Lahaanshaha heer qaar ka mid ah tayada waxaa had iyo jeer ku qoran qoraalka, iyo sidoo kale dhulka taas oo canab ah ayaa ku koray. On dhalooyinka qaar ka mid ah waxaad ka heli kartaa Looxii «cru League» ama «cru grand» - taasi waa soocidda dheeraad ah oo muujinaya wax soo saarka fasalka ka sareeya.

raagay Bordeaux

Noocyo Kuwani waa Faransiiska wadaniga ah waxaa loo yaqaan "hadiyado badaha." Xaqiiqada ah in dalalkan oo khamri ku yaalaan inta u dhaxaysa saddex wabiyo, Garonne ku Dordogne iyo Gironde. Waxaa ka mid ah gobollada Kooxaha waa in ay bixiso Burzhe-Blaye, Liburne, galaysa-Deux-Mer, Soterne iyo kuwa kale. Goobtani waxa weyn oo la sameeyo oo keliya khamri ah Bordeaux. France tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii 19aad caanka ku ahaa oo dhan si ay u kala duwan sida Chateau Margaux, Semillon iyo Cabernet Franc mahad dunida.

raagay Bordeaux waa sicad uga duwan kuwa kale. Sababtu waxa ay noqon karaan arrimo ay ka mid yihiin cimilada khafiif ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka gaarka ah ee ciidda. Intaa waxaa dheer, kaliya winemakers ugu fiican ka guud ahaan dalka ka shaqeeya gobolka. Dhinaca daray noocyo waa iyo isku dhawaanshaha ka badda, taas oo saameyn ah ku yeelan on tayada guridda.

Bordeaux waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah seddax fiican assamblyazhnyh Europe. The kala duwan dhaqanka cad ka mid ah Semillon, Sauvignon iyo Muscadelle. France raagay cas soo saaray dalka reer Bordeaux: Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot iyo kuwa kale. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee wax kadis ah ay socdeyba, dhadhan jilicsan iyo texture gaar ah. talaabo ah oo gooni ah line ee Chateau Margaux, taas waxaa loo arkaa ugu aqoonyahanada dalka "hadiyadda badaha."

raagay Burgundy

Noocyo Kuwani waxaa iska leh oo kaliya in ay class sare "Premium". raagay Burgundy of France leeyihiin aftertaste Maalmihii jilicsan iyo acerbity yar.

In fasalada Joseph Drouhin iyo Faiveley, kaas oo u muuqday dhamaadkii 90meeyadii ah, ee tufaax kaamil ah wada noolaanshaha iyo liqueur qaraha, jilif geedkii iyo yicib. texture A shiidan iyo dhadhan qiiq iftiin dhigi cabitaan this la ilaawi karin iyo ka daran. Sort La Chablisienne leeyihiin midab dahsoon oo dahab ah oo leh towns meelo godgodan oo yar. Waxaa qoreysa caraf jilicsan oo isku daraa oo tufaax iyo pear, iyo miro guduud, iyo diirka liin, iyo dhir ubaxu dhammaado. Sababo la dhadhanka joojiyey saliid aan la dareemay in 12-degrees qalcaddayda.

Waxaa xusid mudan kala duwan ee Pascal Bouchard, gaar ahaan 1998 model sanadka. khamri Tani - mid ka mid ah dhowr ah Burgundy, taas oo hoos category ah "Grand" ku haboon. Dadku waxay u wac tuulo, maxaa yeelay dhadhan ah oo aad u af badan, laakiin dhadhanka cabniinka waa mid aad basbaas.

Waxaad is illowsiin kartaa noocyo kala duwan oo ah La Chablisienne. Tani cabniinka oo dahab ah, waana u taajir in waxyaabaha udgoon, oo ay ku jiraan spearmint, iyo yicib iyo Leyla, iyo vanilj, iyo xataa lime.

Raagay ee Valley Loire ah

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in geedcanabka ugu horeysay ee gobolka this by St. Martin beeray sida ugu horreysa ee sannadka 380 BC. e. halkan soo saaray raagay cas ee France way kala duwan yihiin udgoonka ubaxa-Maalmihii la tilmaamo khiyaano ah tannin.

Of the noocyo sugay ee Vallée de la Loire noqon kartaa pink Sharaf Chinon iyo Bourgueil. In meel la yiraahdo Montlouis koraan canab ah, kuwaas oo ay soo saaraan khamri macmacaan ah. Waxaa lama arki karo oo ku saabsan calaamadaha ka mid ah ereyada "macaan", kuwan oo kala duwan ee gobolka this waa in loo gudbiyaa sida "jilicsan". Xaaladdu waa mid la mid ah la khamriga macaan, taas oo ku taal dooxadii Laura yeedhay liqueur.

nolosha shelf ee kala duwan, kuwaas oo - 10 sano. Marar dhif ah, waxaad dhalada ka furan kartaa ka dib markii 4 sano. khamri Inta badan cad oo sharaf leh ee France iyo Valley - Saint-Nicolas de Bourgueil. Of the noocyo kale oo ka mid ah category ee kalle oo dalka reer Loire ma baahna in la xuso Daniel Allias, Foreau iyo Francis Mabille.

Raagay ee Valley Rhone ah

Tani bacrin-gobolka sub ee France ayaa lagu furay xad dhawaan - bilowgii Millennium cusub. First-taagan raagay oo quraadda Hermitage iyo Gigondas. cabitaanka Kuwani ku kala duwan yihiin xoog iyo robab. In raspberries caraf qaso ah, jeeriga, oo dhir udgoon, jilif geedkii iyo likorays. Dhamaadkii 2001 in line khamri iftiin Chateaunef du Pape yimid. Tani cabniinka guduud mugdi ku kaydsan dhadhan loogu dhawaaqaa of plums la xiriiri a oo hilib sigaar cabbin iyo uunsiga. Dukaamada ilaa 15 sano.

khamri France cad, soo saaray oo ku tiil dooxadii Rhone ah, lagu gartaa faafi metrik hurdi macaan oo Hadba cajiib ah dhadhan. maaddooyinka lahaansho yihiin garoonka malab iyo qudhac iyo violets ah. The wakiillo ka ugu fiican ee kala duwan - Hermitage ee 2000 iyo 2002, Condrieu.

Languedoc Roussillon khamri iyo

Ka hor inta helo madaxbanaanida, Algeria kala duwan, kuwaas oo ka dhacay meel u horeysay ee dhan bandhigyo caalamiga ah iyo tastings. Si aad u taariikhda, xaqiiqadu waxa ay tahay in Gobolka tani ma aha lacag ku filan si ay u abuuraan oo dhan shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka u ah beerista of canab, in aan ku xuso ay daaweynta. Nasiib darro, cimilada wanaagsan iyo ciidda bacrin ah - waxa kaliya oo ku faani karo territory mar loo yaqaan Roussillon iyo Languedoc.

noocyo badan oo degaanka raagay ka France weligiis tiimbadeen lagay in hore 1980. Laakiin weli waxaa jira dhul dhowr yar oo ku haboon category ee kalle oo. The raagay ugu caansan saaray iyaga oo ku jira xeryo du Rousillon iyo Coteaux du Languedoc.

In dooxada iyo Languedoc Roussillon soo saaray noocyo badan cas iyo casaan.

raagay ee Champagne

In deegaanka this, dalka waxaa si adag u qaybsan tuulada, halkaas oo ay koraan oo kaliya noocyo gaar ah oo iyaga ka baaraandega dhex technology qarsoodi ah. Sida la og yahay, ee raagay ugu caansan ee France - waa champagne ah casaan iyo caddaan. Production oo ka mid ah cabitaanka qof oo ku nool kuwaas oo tuulooyinka khaas ah quduus naftiisa oo dhan. In saddex ka mid ah noocyo ugu wanaagsan ee champagne ka mid Blanc de Blancs. Milkiilaha dalka muddo tobannaan sano waa qoyska Monkyui. dhalada Blanca ee 1995 waxa lagu qiyaasay kun oo dollar, oo dhan si ay dhadhan fiican ee sharaabka ah ugu mahad naqa.

Sidoo kale in saddex ka mid ah hogaanka champagne ku salaysan kala duwan oo sharaf leh "Geed Meunier", kaas oo ku koraa oo kaliya dalalka reer Jean Mutarde in Syurmelene.

Ha illoobin oo ku saabsan cabniinka casuusta ah Mutare guri ammaan. On dalka reer Côte-de-Bar la sameeyo mid ka mid ah dalka ugu fiican champagne iftiinka.

The khamri raagay oo ka mid ah Savoie iyo Jura

Gobollada waxay ku yaalaan oo kaliya bari ee Burgundy, meel u dhow River Saone ah. Thanks to a winemakers meel wanaagsan tahay sannadka oo dhan si ay ku farxaan taageerayaasha uu la Chardonnay cusub iyo Chateau Chalon. buuraha Jura u dhow koraan kala duwan iyo sidoo kale labada cad, iyo kuwo gaduud, sidaas oo kale ayaa milkiilayaasha dhulka leedahay dhul imtixaanka weyn for "abuurka". Waxaa xusid mudan in Savoy ku sameeyey raagay fiican macaan reer France.

Waxaa ugu dhexdooda ah noocyo maxaliga ah ee caanka ah waa casaan Pulsar, Trousseau iyo Pino Nuar, iyo sidoo kale cad - Savannah iyo Chardonnay. feature A ee kala duwan ee ka raagay Jura waa qalcadda dheer - ilaa 16% aalkolo. Taana waxaa lagu gaarayaa mahad nooc gaar ah khamiirka loo yaqaan dhib mikoderma.

kala duwan ugu fiican u yaqaan ee gobolka waa Chateau Chalon cad.

raagay ee Provence

Waayo, dad badan, noocyo kuwaas xiriirka la leh tuulooyinka iyo beeraha ka mamnuuceen leh ubaxyo yaryar. Nasiib darro, khamri raagay oo qalalan ee France, kuwaas oo la soo saaray gudahood Provence ah, ma aha sida in dalabka sida cabitaanka la mid ah ka Burgundy ama Bordeaux, laakiin waxay leeyihiin taageerayaasha ay daacad. The wakiilka ugu muhiimsan ee kala duwan waa Bandol. Tani khamri hodan cas lagu tilmaamay inay tahay kalle oo. Lagu gartaa caraf udgoon qani ku ah dhir udgoon, miraha iyo cirbadaha. Qaan in foosto oo geedkii ku 2 sano, laakiin dhameysatay kaamil ah oo keliya lagu gaari karaa in toban sano.

Waxa kale oo aad dooran kartaa raagay cas ee Côte de Provence. Waxay ka samaysan yihiin canab sida "Ser", "Carignan" "kunuaz" "Vermentino" "Mourvèdre" et al.

The raagay ugu caansan oo qaali ah France

Si aad u taariikhda, hodan ka soo adduunka oo dhan diyaar u yihiin inay bixiyaan boqolaal kun oo doolar, waayo, noocyo gaar ah oo monoboli Chateau. The raagay ugu fiican Faransiiska ay yihiin kuwo aad u qaali ah, laakiin dhadhanka ay u muuqdaan waqtiyada hal fursad oo kaliya ee nolosha.

In meel saddexaadna waa Mouton Chateau ah Rothschild. Dhalada A ee 1945 waxa lagu qiyaasay 115 kun oo doolar. Kasta dhadhamin is-ixtiraamida iyo ururiyaha yeedhi doonaa this cabitaan mucjiso khamri run.

On line labaad degeen ee Chateau Lafite 1787 model sano. Maanta raagay Faransiis of line this laga iibsan karaa dukaamada, laakiin waqti in ay ahayd dhalada dunida ee kaliya ee Chateau Lafite. Its qiimaha lagu qiyaasay 160 kun oo doolar.

khamrigii ugu qaalisan iyo gaar Faransiis waa Monopoli champagne ka beergooyska ee 1907. Qiimaha dhalo ku lifaaqan xaqiiqada ah in mar waxaa loo soo bandhigay in Tsar Nicholas II, laakiin markii danbe laga badiyay ee gaadiidka lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee qasdin turunturoodeen dul xamuul qaaliga ah ee 1998, koox ka mid ah cayncayn ah. Haddaba dhalada Monopole kharash aan ka yarayn 275 kun oo doolar.