Tareenka ugu horeysay ee adduunka. Horumarinta ee zhelenodorozhnogo gaadiidka

Si aad u taariikhda, geyiga dalalka ugu horeeysa ee dunida la dhigay ku dhowaad hal milyan oo kilomitir oo jidadka tareemada. Been abuurtay horumar badan si loo hagaajiyo gaadiidka tareenka, tareenka dhaqaaqin korontada tareenada, taas oo ka guurto on barkin a magnetic, iyada oo aan taabashada biraha ah.

Qaar ka mid ah war abuurashadoodii ay qayb ka mid ah nolosheena noqdaan, halka qaar kalena ay sii qorshayaasha heerka. Tusaale ahaan, horumarinta tareen, kaas oo si xoog nuclear guurto lahaa, laakiin sababtoo ah khatarta sare in deegaanka iyo qiimaha sare lacageed oo ay weligood uga dhisay.

Haddaba waxaa horumariyo tareenka ee adduunka ee ugu horeeyay ee tareenka, waayo, cuf, taas oo u dhaqaaqi doono ay sabab u tahay tiiro iyo cuf.

In tareenka gaadiid badan oo ka iman kara. Abuurta habab cusub oo gaadiidka by rail, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in waxa ay u muuqataa wax walba waa hore u abuurtay ee ku yaala goobahan.

asalka ah ee gaadiidka tareenka

The tareenka horeeya waxay bilaabeen inay u muuqdaan in bartamihii qarnigii 16aad Europe oo dhan. Waxaa lama odhan karin tareenka si buuxda. waddooyinku ku safray gaadhifardoodkii, jiido by fardaha.

Asal ahaan, waddooyinka ka mid ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa in horumarka oo dhagax ah, ee miinooyinka iyo miinooyinka. Waxay la sameeyey qori, iyo faraskii oo isaga lagu qaado ayaa laga yaabaa on miisaanka oo ka sii badan intii waddooyinka caadiga ah.

Laakiin tracks kuwan ahaa khasaare weyn, waxay si dhakhso ah u soo xirtay baxay, iyo gaariyo socdeen siyaabo. In si loo yareeyo Duugga ah on geedka, waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan bir ama birta ulood oo xoojin.

waddooyinka tareennada First, biraha ka samaysan yihiin oo gebi ahaanba bir ah ee kabka, steel isticmaalaa oo keliya qarnigii 18aad.

The dadweynaha tareenka ugu horeysay

tareenka ee adduunka ee ugu horeeyay ee gaadiidka rakaabka la dhisay England, October 27, 1825. Waxaa isku xira magaalooyinka dalka Stockton iyo Darlington, oo markii hore loo maleeyey in ay dhuxusha ka miinooyinka si ay dekedda Stokona gaadiid doonaa.

Mashruuca tareenka injineer ku hawlan Dzhorzh Stefenson, kuwaas oo hore u lahaa waayo-aragnimo in hawlgalka iyo maaraynta tareenka Kilinguorete. Si aad u bilaabaan dhismaha wadada, waxaan lahaa in ay sugaan si loo ansixiyo Baarlamaanka muddo afar sano ah. Waxaan lahaa wax badan oo soo horjeeda tabo cusub. Milkiilayaasha Horse ma doonayaan in ay lumiyaan dakhliga.

Qaybta koowaad, kaas oo ay saarnaayeen rakaab, waxaa diinta ka soo hooyeen dhuxusha. Oo 1833, gaadiidka deg deg ah oo wadada dhameystirtay ka hor inta dhuxusha Middlesbrough.

In 1863, wadada ahayd qayb ka mid ah Waqooyi-Bari ee Railway, oo ilaa maantadan la joogo waa in hawlgalka.

dhulka hoostiisa Railway

tareenka ugu horeysay adduunka ee, kaas oo ka dhacay dhulka ka hooseeya, ayaa ahayd horumar weyn oo duurka ku ah gaadiidka dadweynaha. British The marka hore la dhisay. Baahida loo qabo dhulka hoostiisa ah oo yimid waqti ay dadka reer London waxaa si buuxda u xeel dheer la saxmadda gaadiidka.

In qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 19 jidadka bartamaha magaalada waxaa ka joogay rucubood oo gaadhi oo kala duwan. Sidaas awgeed, waxaan go'aansaday in uu "dajinaya" gaadiidka mara abuurka tunnel ka yar dhulka.

Mashruuca London tunnel dhulka hoostiisa ayaa la Been abuurtay by France Marc Izambard Bruyneel, kuwaas oo daganaa UK.

Dhismaha tunnel la dhameeyey ee 1843. Marka ugu horeysa uu kaliya loo isticmaalaa sida a isgoyska dadka lugeynaya, laakiin ka dib fikradda waxa uu ku dhashay dhulka hoostiisa. Oo January 10, 1893 furitaanka grand tareenka ugu horeysay ee dhulka hoostiisa.

Waxa loo adeegsaday jar tareenka, iyo dhererka iyo waddooyinka ay ahayd oo keliya 3.6 kiiloomitir. Celceliska tirada rakaabka ahaa 26 kun oo qof.

In 1890, waxaa jiray wax ka beddelid ka mid ah sideeda, oo waxay bilaabeen inay u guuraan gudaha iyo korontada uumi ku shaqeeya ah.

rail magnetic

Tareenka on taas oo Tababar dunida ee u dhaqaaqo first on barkin cirka ah, waxaa la xiranayo in 1902 by Alfred Jarmal ah Zeydenom. Isku dayo lagu sameeyay dhismaha dalal badan, laakiin marka hore la soo bandhigay Exhibition Caalamiga ah ee gaadiidka ee Berlin 1979. Waxay ka shaqaysay saddex bilood oo keliya.

Tareenadu ku biiro magnetic rail aan taabashada biraha ah, oo kaliya ciidamada Fariin for sidiisa ah - waa u xoogga jiita.

Si aad u taariikhda, tareen levitation magnetic aan la tartami karin tareenka iyo dhulka hoostiisa, maxaa yeelay, inkastoo xawaaraha sare ee dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo xasilloon (tareenka qaar ka mid ah gaari karo xawaare ilaa 500 km / h), waxay leeyihiin tiro ka mid ah cillado muhiim ah.

First, waxay u baahan tahay maalgelin dhaqaale badan oo loogu talagalay abuurka iyo dayactirka wadada magnetic. Marka labaad, tareenka levitation magnetic. Saddexaad, berrinka electromagnetic keento waxyeelo weyn ku ah deegaanka. Iyo, Mar afraadka, ee kaabayaasha track tareenka ee magnetic waa mid aad u adag.

In wadamo badan, oo ay ku jiraan Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxaan qorsheeyay abuurka ah ee wadooyinka sida, laakiin goor dambe soo horjeestay fekerka ah.

Tareennada ee Russia

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay muddo ka horreeyay tareenka buuxa Ruush loo adeegsaday Altai ee 1755 - waxay ahayd biraha alwaax at miinooyinka.

In 1788 ee Petrozavodsk aan dhisay tareenada ugu horeeyay ee baahida dhirta. Waayo, gaadiidka rakaabka ee 1837, waxaa jiray Petersburg St. ee tareenada - Tsarskoye Selo. On u tegey darey uumi ku shaqeeya.

Later, ee 1909, Tsarskoye Selo Railway qayb ka mid ah khadka Imperial, taas oo ku xiran Selo Tsarskoye ah oo dhan khadadka ka mid ah tareenka St. Petersburg noqday.