Taariikhda Page dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka: dagaal taangiga of Senno, July 1941 a

Kaas oo ka dhacay July 6-10, 1941 Battle of Senno (Lepel ama counterattack) hadhay shay aysan aqoon Ehelkiisa, inkastoo tirada taangiyada ku lug waxa ku jira waa la miisaamayo u dhigma ee Battle of Prokhorovka inta lagu guda jiro Battle of Kursk. Iyo sidoo kale hawlaha kale ee Ciidanka Cas ee muddada, howlgalkan uu ahaa isku day kale oo lagu guulaysan in ay joojiyaan ka hor Jarmalka ee bilowga ah stage of War Great Patriotic. Inta badan ay sabab u failure ee counterattack ah Soviet ee Belarus waxa uu ku hadhay dhacdo waxayan dhif ku xusan xilli xagaaga-dayrta kulul ee 1941.

xaaladaha hawlgalka

dagaalka ayaa lagu hoobtay ee Senno ahaa isku day la soo dhaafay Ciidamada Red si counterattack unugyada gaashaaman. dagaalka ku dhamaaday ku rarayaan Corps, iyo dadaalka dheeraad ah si uu u qabto in tallaabadaasi ay ka soo furtay cadowga ee 1941 ka dib markii lacag si qaababka weerar lugta. Waxaa dhamaaday todobaadkii labaad ee dagaalka, iyo Jarmalka ayaa hore u maray 500 kiiloomitir - nus ka mid ah jidka ka soohdintu waxay u Moscow. Markii dagaalka ku bilaabay hoos Senno, weerar baaxad weyn oo Wehrmacht waxay mar hore ku dhaqaaqay safka hore in ay ka Vitebsk iyo Orsha.

amarka sare ee ciidanka Jarmal laga bilaabo aad ee qaybta doortay dhexe ee Front Eastern sida tilmaamaha shaqo joojin ugu weyn ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. Waxaa la geeyay Army Group "Center" - "South" iyo "North" tusayaasha qaar ka mid ah waxa ay ka sarre maray kale laba kooxood oo isku daro. unugyada matoorada Jarmal koobnaa kooxaha taangiga 2aad iyo 3aad - oo dhan ay ka ahaayeen 7 iyo 9 kooxihii gaashaaman baabuurta.

weerar noocan oo kale ah baaxadda ay suurtagal tahay in ay fuliso deegaanka caymiska si qoto dheer iyo Ciidamada Soviet. Qaybo ka mid ah Front Galbeed ayaa runtii si deg deg ah la jajabiyey. By July 3 Jarmalka burburiyo goobo ugu dambeeyey ee iska caabin ah isku duba. khasaaraha Soviet ahaayeen weyn - saddex-meelood laba ka mid ah isku xirnaanta hore ku saabsan. Habka ugu soo baxay kala qaybsanaan "kuleeliyaha" hadhay 1 - 2 kun oo qof. dhammaan hubka culus ayaa la badiyay (diyaaradaha, taangiyada, madaafiicda). Tuuraya farsamo si toos ah on wadada. Front Command for failure this waxaa la xiray iyo toogtay (oo ay ku jiraan General Dmitry Pavlov). Xaaladahan oo kale, oo dagaalkiina wuxuu u bilaabay hoos Senno. 1941 waxay ahayd sannad ugu cabsida badan oo la dagaal galay, oo waxaa lagu qorsheyneysa dagaal ballan qaaday in ay ka yar oo halis dhibic no a aadanaha qiimaha of view ka badan isku day hore si ay u joojiyaan hore ee Jarmalka.

qorshaha counterattack

Fikradda ah counterattack Lepel ahaa in ay weeraraan on unugyada taangiga of Wehrmacht ah way ku hor yiilleen inuu ku biiro unugyada lugta, taas oo ka Minsk orday. Qorshahan waxaa uu waafaqsan yahay mid ka mid ah mabaadi'da military oo muhiim ah - yareyso cadowga burburiyeen. Intaa waxaa dheer, waayo-aragnimo ah ee labada toddobaad ee ugu horreeya ee iska hor imaad la Jarmalka muujisay in silsiladda kala qaybsanaanta lugta la dhibtoonayo weerar haan waa mid aad u hawlqabad la'aan. Sidaa darteed, waxa ay u muuqataa macquul ah in ay qaataan joojinta pre-rebshedaha ku sprawled ciidamada Wehrmacht. Waxa ay ahayd oo ay ahayd in marka la eego istiraatiijiyad dagaal by Senno ah.

July 1941 ma ahaa kii ugu xumaa ee jeer counter-weerar ee gobolka. Inta badan ciidamada Jarmal ma guurto bari iyo waqooyi-bari - hoggaanka Wehrmacht waxay doonayeen sida ugu dhakhsaha badan si loo dedejiyo Dvina Galbeed. In band ku dhufan Soviet ahaayeen laba kaliya kooxihii cadowga (17-kii iyo 7aad Panzer), inkastoo ay ahaayeen ciidan xoog badan.

Ka hor dagaalka

In fiidkii on July 4, Semyon Timoshenko (kuwaas oo in maanta Taliyaha Front Galbeed), iyo Leo Herman Malandin Mehlis ansixiyey dardaaran ah in hawsha uu ahaa si ay u diyaariyaan counterattack ah jihada of jasiiradda iyo Senno. barta dhamaadka of weerar waa la dhigay Lepel, kaas oo siiyey magaca hawlgalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, on counter ee marxalada qorshaynta ee tilmaan-Galbeed ee Jabhadda sameeyay qalad halis ah. Waxaa khalad qiimeeyo awoodda cadowga in si cad u muujiyey dagaalka Senno. Photos ka xuddunta u ah dagaalka lagu jiro hawlgalka la dhowaad baxeen, laakiin mid ka mid ah khasaaraha loo fahmi karaa in xeryahooda Ciidanka Cas guuldareystay howlgalka.

Command ee Front Galbeed, degdegay ilaa leh ururka ee counter-attack ayaa sidoo kale sababta oo ah wakhtigii la shaqeeya cadowga. Toddobaad ka dib, kooxihii lugta Jarmal, afjaridda deegaanka ee Minsk iyo Bialystok "kululeeyaha" ayaa u dhaw in ay ku furimaha hore. Xaaladdan oo kale, dheelitirka awoodda ayaa cardinally bedelay. Iyada oo maalin kasta marayay Army Cas isu aragta in ay meel sii adkaaneysa, iyo dib u dhac ah oo saacadaha xitaa dhowr ah oo ku kacaya aad u qaali ah.

Diyaar u yihiin inay ka hortagaan 7aad rarayaan Corps, amray by Vinogradov dhaqaaqay galbeed ee degmada Military Moscow ee, 24 kale oo ka mid June. Machine giringiro ka dhacay wadada ay awood u gaar ah, iyo dabagal baabuurta waxaa ku raran on dhufto ee tareenka. On jidka ku rarayaan Corps helay caqabado dhawr ah oo cusub, sida xaaladda ka jirta Belarus waxaa si deg deg ah la beddelo.

Miisaanku ciidamada

Jarmalka 7-dii Division Panzer khilaafeen dhif dhismeedka sida sameynta a. Waxay ka koobnayd 4 guuto. Tirada taangiyada ahaa rikoor ah oo dhan Eastern Front - 265 unugyada dagaalka, kuwaas oo laba toddobaad ka mid ah dagaal 25 lumeen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ee Soviet 7-dii ku rarayaan Corps ka mid ah baabuurta labo jeer sida ugu badan.

Inta badan horyaalka heerka park Jarmal ee ka koobnayd daydo Czech "Skoda" 1938-soo-saarka. Kuwani taangiyada khafiifa lahaa 37 qori mm iyo ururiyay la rivets oo geliyeen handarraabbadeedii guryaha. Marka aad ku dhacay madfac Col, walxahaasi yimid off iyo dhaawac markabka. Sidaas yaqaan "Skoda" mucjiso farsamo aad u adag. Intaa waxaa dheer weli waxay ahaayeen Nuur PZ-II. Ay Hubaynta yar madfac 20 mm. The qaybo Soviet joogo HF iyo T-34. Caddaymaha u ogolaadaan in rasaas la model damiyo la iibiyay Jarmal park this dhan, sarraysa ee khasaaraha ugu yar. Waa dagaalka this at uu sawir tusay artist ee Nikolai Nazarchuk. "The Battle of Senno" artist Belarus noqday mid ka mid ah sawirada ugu garan karo dagaalka.

Madaafiicda iyo lugta

The taangiyada kooxihii taangiga ahaayeen "dhibic waran", laakiin formation dambe oo caynkaas ah loo baahan yahay ee "flagstaff" - lugta iyo madaafiic. Maxay ahayd xaalad ka mid ah kuwan qaybo in kooxihii Jarmal? guutada madaafiicda ka koobnaa 36 qoryaha - inta badan taageero iyo tabobbar ah qoryaha yar. Tiradani waxay ahaayeen badan kaagana badan Soofiyeedku ah. Labada kooxihii taangiga ahaayeen ku dhowaad boqol qoryaha. Sidoo kale, ratio ahaa ee lugta ah: 15 lugta batalyan oo ka tirsan ciidamada Red ka dhanka ah Wehrmacht ee 4.

In deegaanka ee dhacdo of rarayaan Corps Soviet ka faa'ideysatay tiro ah 7-dii wuxuu ahaa laba-laab, halka 5-tii ku rarayaan Corps toddoba iyo siddeed jeer. Tiro badan oo ah taangiyada markii dambe u noqday marmarsiinyo for barbar Battle of Senno Prokhorovsky dagaal caanka ah inta lagu guda jiro Battle of Kursk 1943.

5-tii ku rarayaan Corps lahaa in ay qaab-dhismeedka gaar ah u gaar ah - laba guutada madaafiicda dheeraad ah ayaa ku rakiban yihiin. qaybo ka mid kuwan waxaa lagu daray shaqaalaha reserve ee Front Western ah. Waxay sidoo kale lagu magacaabay guutada madaafiicda dhismeedka dhasha. Muqaalka muhiimka ah ee kooxahan ahaa joogitaanka qoryaha culus-howitzer 122-mm iyo heerkiisa 152-mm. Waxay abuuray oo keliya ma aha xisaabta, laakiin sidoo kale Fadilmo tayo badan madaafiicda cadowga.

Battle of Senno laga yaabaa xataa dhaqso, haddii Jarmalka ayaa ku hadhay Borisov labadiisii lugta kaxaynta gaadhi battalion, guutada taangi iyo guuto UXO ah. gogo 'waxay ka tagay si ay u ilaaliyaan isgoyska muhiim ah Berezina ah. unugyada waxay ka hooseeyeen Senno kaliya July 7, yaraynta Fadilmo susunka oo ka mid ah 5-tii ku rarayaan Corps si laab.

Bilow counter

July 5, 1941 bilaabay diyaar garowga dagaal ee Senno. 14 Panzer Division iyo 7-dii ku rarayaan Corps sameeyey March 40-mile oo booskaasi hore ee counter-attack loogu tala galay. Tani waxa ay ahayd meesha Ostrovno - Gnezdilovichi - SVETOGOR 10 kiiloomitir bariga Chernogostnitsa River. Kale Division Panzer 18 la yara raagay. By duhurnimo maalinta ku xigta, ayay diiradda on labada dhinac ee webiga Obolyanka. 5-tii ku rarayaan Corps qaaday degmada Orsha.

July 6 Battle of Senno galay wajigii firfircoon. At 14 Panzer laba cutub (waxaa ka mid ahaa in shirkad kasta oo taangiyada iyo lugta guuto) ayaa la aasaasay. xeryahooda Kuwani ayaa isku dayay in uu ku qasbo Chernogostnitsu iyo joogaan dhinaca galbeed ee webiga. Mid ka mid ah unit dhab u suurtagashay in ay sii haystaan bridgehead yar oo ku wareegsan u gudubno Sarraut. Wakhtigan, ciidamada Qaybta 18aad Panzer gaareen duleedka bari ee Senno iyo la galay dagaal adag la Jarmalka. In fiidkii, cadowga ahaa laga saaray magaalada. In qaybta this of hore, ciidamada Soviet tegey difaac. Waxa ay ahayd guul oo kaliya muddada hawlgalka.

carqalad ah qorshayaasha

On July 7, dagaalka taangiga ka yar Senno sii. All habeen hore ciidamada Soviet at isgoyska diyaarinaya Chernogostnitse. Subaxnimadii Qaybta 14aad Panzer u wareejiyey bangiga galbeed ee muhiimka ah webiga. Gudbinta soo galla ka dib markii 4 kilomitir. Haamaha wajahnay ciidamada ugu weyn ee Qaybta 7aad Panzer. Connection Soviet khasaare culus oo u gurteen inay xeebta asalka bari. ka dibna waxay dib ugu soo laabtay ihina iyo bilaabay qaxidda ee ay qayb wax.

Dhanka kale, kooxda Jarmalka weerar xagga woqooyi ee Senno, halkaas oo difaacaneysa 18 Division Panzer. Ciidamada Red tagay magaalada duhurnimo 8 July. Wakhtigan, 5aad rarayaan Corps keentay dagaal culus oo la taangiyada cadowga, 20 kiiloomitir koonfur ka Senno. Waxa uu u suurtogashay in ay jebiyaan column Jarmalka, laakiin counterattack ku xiga soo celiyey status quo.

On July 9, Qaybta Panzer 14 iyo 18-ka baxeen xeebta bari Obolyanka. Kooxda Jarmalka ayaa ka Senno qabtay bilaabay si loo horumariyo si ay jidka si Smolensk. 10 ka mid ah cutubyo ka hor soo galay Oboltsy. By duhurkii, Jarmalka maray 40 kilomitir oo waxay gaadhay jidka weyn, oo 30 kiiloomitir galbeedka Orsha. The Soviet 5aad rarayaan Corps soo wajahay khatar ah ee dhammeystiran Buuloburde ayaa. amarkiisa go'aansaday u Dumayn, sida sameeyey hadhaagii kooxihii gaashaaman.

Natiijooyinka iyo sababaha failure

Sidaas darteed, dagaalka taangiga at Senno ciidankii Soviet noqdeen wax aan waxba. Ciidamada The ma gudan karo mid ka mid ah hawlaha ay. ma tegi karin jidka badh Lepel. Sida laga soo xigtay qorshaha dhabar jab weyn ee ahaa codsatay garabka ee Polotsk koox Jarmal, laakiin ma aha mid la kulmeyso wax khasaare - ilaa ay si fudud looma soo gaadhay. Waayo, toddobaadkii buuxa dagaalka ayaa laga badiyay 70% ka mid ah qalabka. Haraadiga kooxihii taangiga badiyay awoodda ay dagaal oo markii danbe wuxuu sii waday inuu rogo bari, ilaa ay ugu danbeyn la waayay gelin "dheri" u dhow Smolensk.

Maxay ahayd sababta failure this? July 17, 1914 meel u dhow tuulada Liozno in Vitebsk maxbuus la qaatay Sarreeye horeysay Yakov Dzhugashvili - ina Iosifa Stalina. Inta lagu jiro su'aalaha, wuxuu ka cawday weerarka hawada cabsi badanna ku sameeyey Junkers Jarmal. view la mid ah waxaa ku dooday in warar taliyey in Moscow. Later ayay u guureen taariikheeya Soviet, waxaana uu muddo dheer loo runta aan beddelmi karin. Sababta ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay lumay dagaalka Senno, destructional tixgeliyaa iyo duulista Jarmal xoojisay, taasoo timid subaxdii ilaa habeenkii laadlaadisay valivshuyu bambooyin on Ciidanka Cas.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqada ahayd sii badan oo adag. Waxaa saameeyeen awood of taliyayaasha in ay wadaan iyo in la dhiso xiriirka ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Intaa waxaa dheer, Ciidanka Cas kaliya ma lahayn waayo-aragnimo ah ee howlgalo baaxad weyn sida, halka Wehrmacht ee Midowga Soofiyeeti yimid, waxay lahaa guulo badan oo Europe. Waxaas oo dhan ka dhigay Fadilmo tiro iyo tayo aan waxtar lahayn ciidamada Soviet.

qaab State waxaa hoos ka dib markii cadaadis dhawaan. waxaa inta badan ciidamada khibrad leh, ee la soo dhaafay oo ay ku jiraan Dagaalkii Sokeeye, hoos u toogtay ama fadhiya xeryaha. Tani waxay saameyn ku yeelan kartaa sida dagaalkiina wuxuu ku dul Senno. Cawaaqib xumada Dadka Deg deg iyo go'aamada xun ee Marxaladda koowaad ee dagaalka ayaa ka muuqataa in noocyo kala duwan oo dhac on Front Galbeed. Isbeddelkani waxa uu ku faafay ma aha oo kaliya in Lepel counter-attack, laakiin sidoo kale 1941 xilli ciyaareedkan oo dhan.

khasaare

In la eego khasaaraha dagaalka ee Senno, 1941 Dirk u Joogaba caadiga ah ee dagaalka. Kooxda Jarmalka ayaa ku waayay qiyaastii 1 dilay 4 ku dhaawacantay (wadarta khasaaraha lacag 468 oo qof). Waxaa laga badiyay 50 cutub oo qalab (taangiyada). The khasaaraha ugu weyn ee ka dhacay dagaal la 5aad rarayaan Corps Senno ku saabsan 7 - 9 July.

All tirooyinka kale ee ku jiray Ciidamada Soviet. 5-tii iyo 7-dii ku rarayaan Corps ayaa laga badiyay dhamaan taangiyada ay (wadar ahaan in ka badan 1000 unug, taas oo ku saabsan 20 jeer ka weyn yahay in cadowga). Xataa maanta, taariikhyahan si sax ah ku guuldareysatay inay ogaato waxa ku dhacay farsamo in. Tirokoobyada ayaa, kaas oo u geliyey wararka taliska ciidamada Red dhacay inta badan ma u dhigma dhab, iyo sababta oo ah waxay ma waxaa lagu yarayn karaa in xogta Jarmal.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kaliya ogaado in marka dhameystirtay dagaalka taangiga at Senno 1941, ee Division gawaardia 18 ma jiro mid ka mid ah 220 taangiyada, 14 - taangiyada ostalos14, 13 5 taangiyada ee 393. isla mar ahaantaana, xaalad fiican ku leh baabuurta ahaa. Tusaale ahaan, Qaybta 14-ka tagay 34 baabuur oo 475 baabuurta xamuulka ah, iyo sidoo kale 56 benzotsistern.

Wararka iyo Xaqiiqada

khasaare Personal ciidamada Soviet, sida kiiska ee Jarmalka, si buuxda u waafaqsan Joogaba qaldan waayo Midowga Soofiyeeti ee 1941. Tusaale ahaan, sida ay sheegayaan wararka rasmiga ah inta lagu guda jiro isla Division 14-Panzer dilay 193 oo qof, ku dhaawacmeen 359, oo in ka badan 3 kun oo qof ayaa la wariyay in la waayay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirooyinkan waa su'aal maanta. Waxay ka horimanaya xaqiiqada ah in on 25 July guutada hubeysan ahayd oo keliya 552 Hubka yar yar (qoryaha), halka sida lagu sheegay warbixinta aan badalkooda Saf oo ahaa inuu sii joogo muddo ka badan 5 kun oo qof.

farqiga weyn ee u dhaxeeya jecel yihiin inay ku hanuunin qaababka lagu macnayn karaa by xaqiiqooyinka iyo wararka qarin iyo retouch fashilaadooda ka hor maamulka. Marka marxaladdan hore ee dagaalka sheekooyinkan oo kale ay ahaayeen caadi. Waxa ay ahayd marka laga reebo lahayn, oo waxay dagaal ee Senno. The khasaaraha Ciidanka Cas iyo Wehrmacht ah kiis kasta ahaayeen incommensurable, iyo in tiradaasi ugu cad u muujinaysaa masiibo ah ee dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic.