Pugachev rigoore on Bolotnaya Square: taariikhda. Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov taariikhda

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev ahaa Don Cossack ah, kuwaas oo hoos u baxay sidii amiir u ahaa dagaalkii ka yaroow ', kaas oo ka dhacay Russia ka 1773 si ay u 1775 ee taariikhda. Waxa uu ka faa'ideystay u baxay halka warar xan joogto ah in Peter Emperor ee III, sida la sheegay nool, laakiin si sharci darro ah xilka by Catherine II iyo iyada lover Grigori Orlov. Pugachev ahaa tababaraha ugu guulaha badan ee dhammaan khaa'innadu ka dhigaya ciqaab.

Qorshaynaysa hoggaamiyaha mucaaradka

In dagaalka ka dhacay ee burcad Solenikovoy dhamaadka August 1774, mucaaradka looga adkaaday. Haraadiga ay ciidan u dhaqaaqay jihada a southeasterly weheliyaan Volga ah. fiidkii of 25 August inta aan la gaadhin Yar Black, waxay ku guulaysteen in ay ka gudbaan marka hore ka soo Dhiniciisa Midig, webiga on mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha, ka dibna isaga la dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. Pugachev keentay haraadiga ciidamada uu bari, gudbeen Akhtuba webiga, on bangiga bidix oo ku baaqay in shir. Waxaa la go'aansaday on tallaabo dheeraad ah.

Hogaamiyaha mucaaradka bixiyeen dhowr qashinka fursadaha. The ugu horeysay oo ka mid ah - ka soo degtay, ee Volga iyo ka bixitaanka Badda Caspian ah, ka dibna jid marto si aad u hesho si ay u Ukraine oo ay ku biiraan Cossacks Zaporozhye ah. muuqashadii labaad A ka walaacsan in diyaarad Bashkiriya ama Siberia.

Khayaanadii

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshaynta wadooyinka baxsado, Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev ma uu ogayn in waqtigan isaga ka dambaysa goob baaluq, kaas oo ku lug kornayl Cossack ah, go'aansaday inuu u gacangeliyo. Isaga oo shurako ah ugu dhow go'aansaday inaan siiyo masuuliyiinta, iyo in soo laabashada helo dhaaf ah oo ka socda dawladda.

shirqool The qayb qaatay FF Chumakov, IP Fedulev, I. A. Tvorogov oo ku saabsan laba darsin Yaik Cossacks. Waxay gabi ahaanba aadan kula raacsaneyn mid ka mid ah qorshayaasha Pugachev iyo Yimaadeen a counter-soo jeedinta in jihada of Uzen tagaan. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxay doorteen wadada degmada iyo soo gaaray 8 September. Isagoo wakhti xaadirka ah, markii ciidankii ugu weyn ee Cossacks muuqday in masaafada u, shirqoolkii dul Pugachev dhacay. On jidka magaalada Yaik uu laba jeer isku dayay inay ka baxsadaan, laakiin in waxba idiinma tarin. Chumakov iyo farmaajo, weeraryahanka fuulay, wajahay xisbiga raadinta, wixii lagu amray by-taliye Harchev. Oo haddana wuxuu keenay in magaalada Yaitsky mucaaradka.

Sidaas waxaa I qabtay Emelyan Pugachev. Yaroow 'Dagaalkii, hogaaminayo nin this aan caadi ahayn, ugu dhakhsaha badan ayaa dhamaaday, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Suvorov iyo Panin dheer habka tooska ah ee gobollada dhibtoodaan lahaa, iyaga dejinta awooda hore.

natiijada

imtixaan ugu horeeyay ee Emelyana Pugacheva dallacsiiyey on September 15 magaalada Yaik. Baadhitaanka ayaa horseeday Mavrin iyo waxa ugu horeeya ee uu ka soo helay oo dhan faahfaahinta Biography ee maxaabiista ah. Later in uu warbixin u Major-General Potemkin, ayuu qoray in Pugachev way xasilloonayd, oo wax bayna hambaysay. Ka dib markii saddex maalmood ah beeniyaan imtixaan yimid iyo Lieutenant-General Suvorov, kuwaas oo shaqsi ahaan uu hogaaminayo waydiinta. Ka dib markii in, ku qabtay ayaa galbiyeen in Simbirsk. Si aad gaadiid u soo saaray qafis gaar yar Jaha gaadhi laba taayir leh.

In Simbirsk 2 ilaa 6 October Pugacheva ma aha oo kaliya su'aalo, laakiin sidoo kale si aad u codsato in ixtiraamka uu jirdil. Oo wuxuu lahaa inuu isaga iyo kuwii la jiray ayaa oogin. October 26, Pugachev loo diray Moscow ilaalinaya culus. On yimid magaalada, waxaana uu ahaa qaybta hoose ee dhismaha, taas oo ku yaaliin Buoni ah. Dhinacyada waxaa isaga la qaaday iyo ka qaybgalayaasha kale ee kacdoonka. December 30, fadhiga ugu horreeya ee maxkamadda, taas oo ka dhacay Carshiga Hall ee Kremlin. Maalinta ku xigta waxaa halkan keenay, iyo Pugachev, kuwaas oo ahaa uu jilbo joogay isagoo, su'aalaha ugu jawaabay, ka dibna maqlay xukunka. Xukunka ayaa aad u adkaa: quarter dembiilaha hore oo kale, gooyn madaxiisa, ka dibna qaybo razvezut ee jidhka meelo kala duwan oo magaalada iyo ku gubi.

Diyaargarowgii ugu danbeeyay

Taariikhda fulinta Pugachev loo magacaabay on January 10, 1775. In aroortii ayay xabsiga, wadaadkii archpriest Kazan Cathedral ee Theodore, kuwaas oo lagu xukumay in la dilo wadaagis ha. Ka dib markii in, kolonyada keenay mucaaradka yard katiinadeysan iyo isaga fadhiisanayso uu gawadhi. Oo ay la socdaan isaga tageen laba wadaaddadii, oo isaga ugu baaqay in ay toobad keenaan, waayo tallaabooyinka uu jidka.

Dhacdadani waxa ay u fiican sida rigoore Pugacheva, ka dhigay tiro badan oo dadka soo ururiyo on Bolotnaya Square ka hor waaberiga. qaabaynta nafteedu waxay xidhay by unugyada bilayska ka hor iyo la soo diray iyaga oo lagu taageerayo regiments lugta. Waxay si dhib kaga joojiyeen inay cadaadiska cajiib badnaa aadanaha. Dadku waxay ma aha oo kaliya ka buuxiyey goobta oo dhan, laakiin sidoo kale waddooyinka koontoroolidda. Dadka ayaa ahaa kuwo xataa on guryahooda Saanqaag Fidlo ah deriska ah iyo kaniisadaha.

Anshaxa ee fulinta Pugachev

Marka xarig ah sledges la kolonyo ka gudbay biriijka Qiyaame, Pugachev istaagay oo waxay bilaabeen inay sujuudaan jiho kasta. Sidaas daraaddeed wuxuu ku yidhi macsalaameeyay dadka. maxaabiista Sani dhaqaaqay deegaanka oo joogsaday dhow mambar ah. Emelyana Pugacheva la Afanasiem Perfilevym keenay madal. iyaga gadaal ka kacay wadaaddadii yar, bailiffs, saraakiisha maxkamada iyo Dilaayaasha.

Waxay bilaabeen in ay akhriyaan xukunka, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo mucaaradka ugu weyn ee waqti ka waqti la baabtiisay iyo aamusnaan ayaa sheegay in salaadda. Ka dib markii in, wadaadkii u duceeyey ninka dilka lagu xukumay, oo wuxuu ku yidhi Erayadii raaxo yar. Pugachev ka dibna u dhiibay uu xukunka la soo dhaafay laga bilaabo erayadan: "I cafi waayo, dadka Orthodox ..." oo uu wakhtigaas waxaa garaacid sujuudda iyo hagar la'aan baabtiisay, ugu noqdeen cathedrals Kremlin uu dareenka.

dhacdooyinka Xiga ayaa si deg deg ah halkii ay biloowday. fulinta Pugachev bilaabay xaqiiqada ah in dembiilayaal ugu qaaday katinado iyo dharka iska jeexjeexay, oo daqiiqad ka dib madaxiisa lagu hoobtay oo ay timaha lagu qabtay gacmihiisa askari ah.

Xusuus of markhaatiyaal

Abwaan iyo fabulist ee xilligii Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, sida inta badan dadkii ku abtirsan Moscow, ma ahaa ka fog mambar ah, oo uu arki karin oo dhan faahfaahinta sida fulinta Pugachev. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in madax mucaaradka lahaa sumcad sida tuug oo kale amaanaa, qoraa in uu wajiga Anigu ma aan aragto wax arxan ama wax boobaysa. Waxa uu ku tilmaamay nin caadi ah afartameeyaha uu, height dhexdhexaad ah, oo leh muuqaal ah oo mugdi ah oo gadh ah aan wadno. Dibadda, waxa gabi ahaanba waxba ma aha sida Emperor Peter III, oo ay ahayd la yaab leh sida ay dadku u qaadan kartaa mid ka mid ah oo kale ah.

goob kale oo ka mid ah kuwa dhacdooyinka, saynisyahan, qoraa iyo falsafo, Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov, ogaaday weecasho qalaad ee nidaamka fulinta. Sida ay xukunka, Emelyana Pugacheva ayaa quartered t E.., First gacmaha iyo cagaha, ka dibna kaliya gooyay in uu madaxa lagaga gooyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, askari ka sameeyey soo horjeeda. Chief of Police Arkharov qasnaa weyn oo habaaray askari for kormeerka sida. Sidaas darteed, markii uu gacmaha iyo lugaha go'ay qofka la xukumay uu dhintay ka dib.

Grace Catherine II

oo intaasu waxay ahayd askari qaldamay random, ama haddii uu si ula kac ah u sameeyey? Tani qoray A. S. Pushkin in uu buugga "History of caasinimo Pugachev ah". Halkan Abwaan gudbiyo warqad ka madax bannaan si ay u Volkonsky amiirka, oo daacad kula macaamilooteen xaqiiqada ah in aysan u ogolaan aadanaha u dhaqmaan si waxashnimo ah xitaa dambiilayaasha. Sidaa darteed, ka hor dil u ahaa in ay qaataan meel Pugacheva Ekaterina la sheegay in af ahaan la isugu gudbiyo ee Chief of Police Arkharova qarsoon baray askari si ay marka hore ka jaray Emelyan Pugachev ee madaxa, ka dibna kaliya quartered. Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh waa in Empress ee la filayo mamnuuc ah in xusuusto meel kasta oo kale.

Lama oga haddii ay jiraan dhab ahaan waa calaamad muujinaysa of Catherine II, laakiin in ka badan quartering rasmiga ah ayaa lagu qabtey Ruush. Intaa waxaa dheer, fulinta guud ee Pugachev degaanka Qoyan sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa ee la soo dhaafay ka. Sida ay xukunka, Madaxiisiina waxaa mudan iyo saaray soo bandhigay dadweynaha, iyo qaybo ka mid jirka ee la gooyey waxaa loo soo dhiibay qaybaha kala duwan ee magaalada iyo maalinta ku xigta gubay.

Natiijooyinka War ku qastaan '

Sidaas dhamaaday fallaago ah, mar la kiciyey by haystaa sacab muggiis oo Cossacks in reerihii, kuwaasi oo ay madax ka Emelyan Pugachev. In taariikhda this ridayeen Ruush War tagay raad ah oo qoto dheer, sida ay saameysey badi dalka, gaadiid ka Siberia in Moscow iyo Kuban si Murom.

Ka dib markii la dhameeyo caasinimo Pugachev ka amar of Empress Catherine II waxaa loo sameeyey manifesto dadweynaha, kaas oo sheegay in fallaago ah waa in la dilaa "noqodo mid weligeed ah." Iyo si uu u baabi'iyo xataa xasuusta ugu yar ee Zaman this lagu hoobtay, iyada waxaa lagu amray in ay magaca Yaitsky magaalada caasiyoobeen Uralsk.