Taariikhda la alifay ee matoorada uumi

The taariikhda oo ka mid ah war abuurashadoodii ah uumi matoorada ayaa sheegay in markii ugu horeysay ay la dhisay by T. Severi, D. Papen, T. Newcomen, Polzunov. baabuurta waxay ahaayeen naqshado kala duwan, laakiin waxay lahaayeen mid ka mid ah wax ka wadaagaan - dhaqdhaqaaqa qalab ku sameeya sidoo kale kulaylinta iyo qaboojinta dhululubo firfircoon. Technology Tani ma aha sahla qalliin degdeg ah mashiinada iyo isticmaalka shidaalka ka badan xad macquul ah. Laakiin bal aynu ka bilaabi tan iyo bilowgii oo aad u sheegto oo dhan waxa ay ku saabsan.

Dadka ay u isticmaaleen in wax soo saarka ee biyaha engine ka hor qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XVIII ah. Laakiin tan iyo wakhtigaas macquul ma ahan in ay u gudbiyaan ciidamada ee dhaqdhaqaaqa farsamo ee waterwheels ka badan masaafo dheer, warshadaha in ay u baahan yihiin, dhisay on xeebta ah. Waxaa had iyo jeer ma ahaa ku haboon, oo waa ka gooni oolnimada of matoorrada, kuwaas oo ay bixiyaan habka diyaarinta raqiis ah ma. Ku lahaayeen xoog yar yahay, iyo shaqada lagu qaaday taas oo ku xidhan wakhtiga sano oo ahaa trudnoreguliruemoy. Markaasaa waxaa jiray baahan for qalab cusub baakad feer, aan qaali ahayn si ay uga shaqeeyaan, oo ay fududahay in la maareeyo off. alifay ee engine shiilayo si lama filaan ah u xaliyaan arrimaha oo dhan.

The taariikhda oo ka mid ah war abuurashadoodii ah uumi matoorada Goes dib fog galay ee la soo dhaafay. qalab kale oo la dhisay wakhtiyadii hore bamka biyaha, taas oo technology noqday saldhig u tahay fikradda ah engine shiilayo. In XVII - XVIII qarniyo, Dadka ayaa helay a habka wax soo saarka ee farsamo tamarta by yahay uumi, ee uumi Beenabuurte, bamka quudinta biyo gelin gaar ah taangiga, kaas oo ay u soo saareeyn ka wheel, taasoo keentay in ay ku biiro. Waxay ka dhigaysa mashiinada wax soo saarka shaqada. Waxaa soo baxday in sida engine ayaa weli ku dooday waterwheel. Dad badan ayaa waqti dheeraad ah loo baahan yahay si loo abuuro engine a uumi lagu kalsoonaan karo - in ka badan laba qarniyo.

In 1698, injineer ciidamada Thomas Seiver soo technology ee ku saleysan uumi for shubto biyaha iyo dheecaan ka miinooyinka, laakiin sheekada la alifay ee matoorada uumi ma waxaa loo soo afjaro. Deni Papenu ee 1674 ayaa markii ugu horeysay u suurtagashay in ay dhisaan engine a uumi guul. Marka ugu horeysa, waxa uu isku dayay in la isticmaalo engine Baaruud, laakiin tijaabiyaan this aan guul badan. Markaasaa waxaa u timid fikradda ah in lagu badalo budada biyo. Uu engine uumi muuqday 1698 (waqti isku mid ah sida la alifay iyo Seiver). Mabda'a hawlgalka ka kooban yahay kulaylinta biyaha in ay curiyaan uumi gudahood dhululubo vertical go'an, kuna waari dhexdeeda qalab loo dhaqaajinayo, kaas oo la sii riixay. uumi waxaa ka dibna la qaboojiyey iyo aruurshey, iyo qalab ku sarkhaansan yihiin cadaadiska Hawada hoos u soo dejiyey. Technology Tani waxay keentay in dhaqdhaqaaqa habab kala duwan.

Isagoo barasho la dhismaha Papen, kuwaas oo u shaqeeyey sidii a tumaal ee miino oo ka mid ah West Country, oo ay fahamsantahay muhiimadda ay leedahay oo ka mid ah been abuurtay si fiican bambooyin for miino Thomas Newcomen biiray ciidamada la John Cully, quraaradle iyo tuubiste, oo iyana dhammaantood waxay set saabsan turxaan ah model. mashiinka ugu horeysay lagu rakibay ee Staffordshire at anigaa iska leh for saaridda dhuxusha ee 1712. Technology Tani ayaa cadeeyay si guul leh in la isticmaalo Europe oo dhan muddo ka badan 50 sano.

In 1775, sheekada la alifay ee matoorada uumi ayaa daahfurka cusub - Dzhon Smiton abuuray model ah fiicnaaday cusub, kaas oo lagaga miiro dekedda Kronstadt ee kaliya labo todobaad. Ilaa sannadkan waxaa loo baahan yahay si ay u qabtaan shaqada sida.

I. I. Polzunov, hindisa-makaanik ka Russia, guga 1763 horumariyo design uumi engine in kari waayo actuate ugu horeysay mid ka mid ah farsamooyinka iyo aqoonsi ugu dhaqsaha badan helay.

Waxaa la sheegay in waxaa jira mid kale oo ka mid ah hindisa uumi engine - Dzheyms Uatt. Waxa uu la sugay mashiinka Newcomen tan iyo 1763 iyo ugu dambeyntii xiranayo abuurkiisa ee 1768. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, muddo dheer ayuu u dhisi kari waayay mashiinka a on your mashruuca, laakiin 1776 waxa uu ahaa diyaar, waxaana uu si guul leh u soo gudbay imtixaanka. Its waxtarka laba jeer waa sida awoodaha qalab Newcomen ee. The engine ugu horeysay uumi universal garoomada double waxaa la abuuray by James Watt ee 1782. Sida engine ee Watt laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo on kasta oo mashiin, ka abuuray is-Koontarool mashiin aan dib u dhac, ka faa'iidaystaan this fikrad.

Taariikhda engine uumi la soo bixitaankii Pauerhauz Museum ee Sydney, halkaas oo ay jiraan mid ka mid ah Been koowaad ee Watt.