Taariikhda A kooban Karate ee dunida iyo Russia

Karate - ma aha oo kaliya farshaxanka dagaalka, waa qaab nololeed, waxa falsafad oo dhan taas oo ka caawisa qofka si aad u aragto interconnectedness ah in dhammaan waa in dunida, waxay ka caawisaa si ay u gaaraan dabeecadda la, haddaynan ku helin naftooda iyo xiriirka ay dadka kale la.

In Japan, waxay sheegeen in karatee - waa waddada doorashada loogu talo galay dadka awooda badan oo aad u tagtaan ma dhex mar mar uu nolosha oo dhan. Kuwani Naftooda geesi ah maalin kasta riixaya xadka, ka dib markii jihada doortay, xoojinta iyo jidhka iyo xagga ruuxa tempering, weligiis ogaadeen awoodda cusub.

Taariikhda ah ee fanka legdinta

macluumaadka ugu horreeya ee ku saabsan taariikhda taariikhda karatee back to 1761 sano. taariikhda Tani waxa ay tilmaamaysaa Cecina Nagamine in uu buugga, xaq "Fundamentals of the Okinawan Karate-yeela." Markaas waa farshaxan a legdinta yaqaan oo dhan sida "Tode", kaas oo ka soo hab Japanese "sanduuqa Chinese" tarjumay.

Hoos waxaad ka heli doontaa taariikhda kooban ee karatee - sida dhaqanka ay sii raagayaan.

Waqtiyadii hore ku noolaa dagaalka a Chinese magacaabay Kusanku kuwaas oo mar soo bandhigey xirfad weyn oo awooda in feerka Shiinaha, daawadayaasha ku farxi doonaa ay cibaaro iyo farsamo gaar ah oo qabsaday. Tani waa durkin ah taariikhda karatee dhacdo Okinawa dhacay - jasiiradda ugu weyn, oo ku yaalla jasiiradaha ee Ryukyu ee Japan. Meesha ee jasiiradda lahaa kaliya isgoyska of dariiqyada ganacsi, oo waxay ahayd abbaaraha fog isla Korea, Japan, Taiwan iyo Shiinaha. dalalka oo dhan, kuwaas oo si joogto ah ay ahaayeen dagaal kasta oo kale oo hanti ah Jasiiradaha Ryukyu ah, sidaas darteed nin walba ee jasiiradda ahaa dagaalyahan ah, oo inta badan ka ab dhowr. Qarnigii XV in goobtan waxaa jiray mamnuucista ku sidday hub, sidaas askari ee Okinawa ka mid ab si loo hagaajiyo xirfadaha dagaal ay isaga la'aantiis.

Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVIII ka, sida taariikhda karatee, sayidkayga Sokugavoy magaalada kowaad ee dugsiga Shuri Te waxaa la furay sanadkii fasalada, kuwaasi oo ay ismidab qariyey. Matsamura Shokun isagoo Okinawa Sare iyo hagid fanka legdinta, ayaa sidoo kale soo abaabulay iskuulka la magaca "Shorin-Ryu Karate" (Shorin - kaynta yar yar), kaas oo inta badan ku anshaxa oo adag iyo shugyo waxbarashada moral. feature A ee kala duwan ee dugsiga waxay ahaayeen mooshinka khiyaano iyo dhaqdhaqaaq jilicsan. waxaa Matsamury xer yaqaan in gasiiraddii oo dhan iyo dibadda Asato Anko, taas oo, ee jeedo, wuxuu noqday mentor a Funakoshi Gichin.

Haddaba Funakoshi Gichin oo waxaa loo arkaa aasaasihii karatee. Waxa uu, dabcan, qudhiisa isma abuurtay foomkan of fanka legdinta, laakiin ninkan ayaa weheliso, geddigood iyo ku qoran hababka kala duwan ee gacanta Chinese inay gacanta dagaal iyo abuuray nooc cusub oo dagaal Karate-Jujutsu, taas oo ka soo hab Japanese "farshaxanka gacanta Chinese" tarjumay.

Funakoshi markii ugu horeysay tusay jujitsu dunida karatee waqtiga, markii lagu qabtay Tokyo Martial Arts Festival ee 1921. Oo kali ah dersin sano foom cusub ee halganka ayaa helay taageero aad u weyn ee Japan, kaas oo horseeday in helitaanka dugsiyo kala duwan xad-dhaaf ah.

Karate: Taariikhda Magaca

In 1931, kulan ka mid ah "qoyska weyn ee Okinawan Karate", taas oo waxaa la go'aamiyay in style kasta, taas oo u muuqatay mar, wuxuu xaq u leeyahay in uu noqdo. Sidoo kale kulan aan go'aansaday in la siiyo magac kale oo noocan ah fanka legdinta, sababtoo ah waxaa ka dhacay dagaal kale oo la Shiinaha waqtiga. Hieroglyph "kara", loo yaqaan "China", ayaa bedelay Qoruhu, kaas oo la akhriyo iyo sidoo, laakiin waxba kama jiraan ah loogu tala galay. Sidoo kale bedelay "jutsu" - "farshaxanka" gelin "ka hor" - ". Jidkii" Waxaa soo baxay magaca loo isticmaalo ilaa maantadan la joogo. Waxay u muuqataa sidii "karatee" loo tarjumay sida "jidka gacanta madhan".

History of the faafinta iyo horumarinta karatee ee dunida

In 1945, marka Japan badiyay dagaalka, madaxda shaqo US mamnuucay jasiiradda cayn kasta oo fanka legdinta Japan. Laakiin karatee waxaa loo tixgeliyaa ah jimicsi Chinese iyo fogaado mamnuucidda. Waxay qeyb ka tahay wareeg cusub oo horumarineed oo ka mid ah fanka legdinta, kaas oo horseeday in abuurista in 1948 of Japan Karate ururka, madax Funakoshi. In 1953, tababarka cutubyo aqoonyahanada dalka ee Ciidamada Mareykanka ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa lagu casuumay si ay u sayidyadiinna ugu caansan.

Ciyaaraha Olambikada ee Tokyo Ka dib markii sanadkii 1964 karatee helay taageero aad u weyn adduunka oo dhan. Tani, markeeda, keentay in abuurka ah ee Midowga Adduunka ee Ururada Karate-yeela.

karatee Ujeeddo

Marka hore, sida laga soo xigtay taariikhda karatee, noocan oo kale ah fanka legdinta abuuray sida farshaxanka ah legdinta, oo kaliya loogu talagalay is-difaaca hub la'aan. Karate Ujeeddo - inay caawiyaan oo badbaadiyaan, laakiin in ay geysatay iyo waxba kuma yeeli.

muuqaalada kala duwan ee karatee

Si ka duwan fanka legdinta kale, waxaa jira xiriir la yareeyo farqiga u dhexeeya dagaalyahaniinta ah. Iyo si ay u jabiyaan cadowga, iyadoo la isticmaalayo foori awood badan oo sax ah sida gacmaha iyo cagaha on qodobbada muhiimka ah ee jidhka bini'aadamka. Waxaa jira dhowr qaababka kala duwan ee noocan ah ee fanka legdinta in ay yihiin hayayaasha hooseeyo sida deggan iyo blocks adag, iyo sidoo kale in guurka dagdag ah si ay u counter ah isku mar weerarka sax ah oo awood badan. Sidaasay u dhawyahay hillaacu dhacdaa on waddada ugu gaaban fiirsashada weyn ee tamarta meesha ugu saameynta, oo la yidhaahdo Kime.

Tan iyo karatee - ugu horayn difaaca, tallaabo oo dhan halkan ka bilaabataa difaaca. Laakiin waxaa ka dib, oo tanuna waa nuxurka karatee waa in ay ahaataa hillaac jawaab degdeg ah inay weerarka.

Mabaadi'da isticmaalka farsamooyinka

Waayo, isticmaalka saxda ah ee farsamooyinka kala duwan ee karatee siisaa tiro ka mid ah mabaadi'da. Ka mid ah iyaga, Kime, gudbiyo kor ku xusan; guryaha xagaaga - doorashada isitcmaalo booska; Haaraa - xidhiidha ee xoogga muruqa tamarta gudaha; dzesin - ruuxa la jabin karin. Intaas oo dhan waxaa gartay by jimicsi rasmi ah jimicsi dheer "kata" iyo in kulan "Kumite". Inta u dhaxaysa kata oo kumite qaabka iyo dugsiyada kala duwan waxay noqon kartaa dheelitirka ah, oo ku siin kara doorashada si jimicsi ama dagaal.

Hababka ee karatee

Maalmahan, dhawr boqol oo kala duwan loo yaqaan dunida oo dhan. In karatee salaysan kala jabeen soo bilaabay wakhtigii la aasaasay. Dad badan oo kala duwan oo ku lug leh farshaxanka this legdinta, iyo qof kasta oo gaadhay heer sare ah, waxa ay taasi wax ka mid ah iyaga u gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaadaa in style kasta, ku noolaa in la joogo, mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale ee la xiriir mid ka mid ah meelahan soo socda:

1. Kempo - fanka legdinta Chinese-Okinawan.

2. Karate dzyuttsu - version Japan ee dagaalka ee ruuxii Motobu.

3. Karate-yeela - version falsafada iyo waxbarashada Japanese ruuxa Funakoshi.

4. Sport Karate - labada xiriir ama semi-xiriir.

Waxaa jira dhowr Hababka u baahan in la xuso.

1. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - Shotokan (Shotokan). Its aasaasaha - Gichin Funakoshi, laakiin kaalinta ugu weyn horumarinta qaab soo bandhigay by wiilkiisa Giko. dhaqdhaqaaqa kala duwan oo firfircoon oo firfircoon, iyo sidoo kale mawqif deggan.
2. History of Kyokushin Karate bilaabmaa 1956. Aasaasihii waa a Korean-dhashay Masutatsu Oyama (wuxuu hoos Gichin Funakoshi bartay). Magaca tarjumayaa "style aad run." History of Karate Kyokushin muujinaysaa in wax ugu weyn ee halkan - oolnimada dagaalka, laakiin aan dib u soo kabashada iyo horumarka anshax.
3. Wado-Ryu, ama "wada noolaanshaha jidka." Iyada oo ku saleysan Hironori Otsuki, mid ka mid ah xertii sare ee Funakoshi. style kani waxa uu isticmaalaa qalal xanuun gacanta, farsamo ee gacan qaad ka fogaanaya, oo dalkeeda. Waxa haddaba halkan on dhaq-socodka. Loogu talagalay sparring.
4. Shito-Ryu. Founder of style - Kenwa Mabuni. Hababka waxbarasho kala duwan oo ka mid ah tirada ugu badan ee kata (konton).
5. Goju-Ryu (turjumaad - "adag oo jilicsan"). Founder Gichin style Miyagi. Dhaqdhaqaaqa weerarkii adag, lagu qabtay xariiq toosan, iyo ilaalinta dhaqdhaqaaqa jilicsan, fuliyay goobo. Inta badan qaababka oo dhan waa ka fog tahay tartan ciyaaraha-oriented in ay foomka saafi ah.

Karate ee Russia

History of horumarinta karatee in Russia ku bilaabmaa muuqaalka kore ee kooxaha hiwaayadda iyo qaybaha. Aasaasayaasha waxay ahaayeen dad ku jiray oo nasiib ku lahaa inaan dibadda galaan oo halkaas tag barashada fanka legdinta this. Xan dhaqanka oo caan this nooca fanka legdinta iyo Ukaalmayn ay qaybinta ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in bishii November 1978 ee USSR ah, guddi gaar ah ee horumarka ah ee Karate waxaa la abuuray. Sida ay natiijada hawsha ay December 1978 Soviet Karate Federation, waxaa la sameeyay. Tan iyo xeerarka tababarka noocan oo kale ah fanka legdinta si joogto ah iyo raacitaan ku xadgudbay, Intaa waxaa dheer waxaa loo sameeyey in xeerka ciqaabta on "mas'uuliyadda karatee tababarka sharci-darrada ah." Laga soo bilaabo 1984 ilaa 1989, waa farshaxan a legdinta ee Midowga Soofiyeeti hoos xayiraadda, taas oo la aasaasay by tirada amarka 404, oo uu soo saaray Guddiga Sports ahaa. Laakiin qaybta, noocan ah tababar fanka legdinta, sii waday in ay ka jiraan dhulka hoostiisa. In 1989, December 18, Guddiga State of USSR ku maray tirada xal 9/3, taasoo tirada amarka 404 loo aqoonsaday sax ahayn. Currently ee Russia waxaa jira tiro badan ee xiriirada iyo qaabkiisa, kuwaas oo si firfircoon iskaashi la ururada karatee caalamiga ah.

falsafadda ah karatee

Haddii aan ka hadlo falsafada karatee, waxaa in la ogaadaa in waxa ku salaysan waa on mabda'a ah ee nacaybku. dhaartii in kooxaha karatee ardayda loo siiyo ka hor tababarka, ay waajib ma aha in aad codsato ah xirfadaha iyo aqoonta la haybsooco dadka oo aan u isticmaashaa faa'iido shakhsi ahaaneed.