South Urals Tareenka: tirooyinka, xaqiiqooyin, taariikhda

South Urals Tareenka waa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee Russia. Maanta, sidii waagii beryayay ee ay taariikhda, waxaa muhiim u ah gaadiidka warshadaha iyo rakaabka.

Xaqiiqada ku saabsan JUUZHD

tareenka South Ural leeyahay dherer guud ee Km, kuwaas oo dhererkiisuna wuxuu hawl of 4545 km oo ku saabsan siddeed kun.. Iyada oo loo marayo dhulka labada dal, Russia (dalalkii Chabrovsk, Orenburg, Samara, Kurgan, Saratov iyo gobollada Sverdlovsk, Bashkortostan) iyo Kazakhstan.

In 2003, Waaxda Tareenka South-Ural ahaa laan ka mid ah Waddooyinka Tareennada Ruush. In 1971 Highway waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Order ee Kacaanka Oktoobar.

saldhigyada Key JUUZHD: Main-Chabrovsk, Magnitogorsk, Kurgan, Orenburg, Troitsk, Orsk, Berdyaush, Orenburg, Kartaly, Petropavlovsk. Kaydadka tareenka waa in Buzuluk, Kurgan, Verkhny Ufaley, Zlatoust, Troitsk, Kartaly, Orsk, Orenburg, Chabrovsk iyo Petropavlovsk, railcar - in Chabrovsk, Kurgan, meesha Sakmarskaya.

In ka badan kala bar electrified tareenka, korontada waaxyihiisu qalab lagu rakibay on 85% oo ka mid ah fallaadho soo qaatay. Sidoo kale, habka tareenka ku qalabeysan yahay tamarta, awoodda, qalabaynta, hago, telesnabzheniya.

In waqooyiga South Urals Railway xiran yahay la mid ah Sverdlovsk, bari - Siberian West ah, galbeed - la Kuibyshev ah, ee koonfur-galbeed - Volga ah, oo ku yaalla koonfurta - khadka tareenka ugu weyn ee Kazakhstan.

tirakoobka

South-Ural Railway Milicsiga:

1. Number of shaqaalaha (2016): 40 951 oo qof.
2. Rakaabka qaadeen (2016): dariiqyada rakaabka - 6.7 million, long-distance - 6.8 milyan oo qof.
3. xamuulka Kobanheegan (2016): 295,4 milyan oo tan.
4. degaanka total The adeegi w / Xuubabkoodu d - 400 kun m ^{2 ..}
5. 72 saldhigga 169 tareen shunting, 14 shaqada korontada, dadka kale - in kulaylka.
6. 219 saldhigyada ay leeyihiin maamulka avtosistemu.
7. South Urals Tareenka ayaa 247 dhibcood gridiron. Kuwaas oo kala ah, 173 - dhexe, 34 - xamuulka, 21- noocyo safarka, safarka boos 13 - xaafadda, 5 - 1 iyo baaritaanka rakaabka.
8. By saldhigyada JUUZHD klassnosti 247 qaybsan yihiin: manhajka 9, 10 ka mid ah fasalka ugu horeysay, 18 - labaad, 34 - kii saddexaad, 63 - afraad, 92 - shanaad 21 - aan klassnosti.
9. Inta kala duwan ee masaafo 20 khadka jidka 12 - korontada, 10 - dhexe quful iyo seylaanyenta, iyo sidoo kale waxa uu u kaxayn ISSO (dhismeedka injineernimada fog) DITSDM (ogaanshaha iyo la socodka qalabka kaabayaasha).
10. 12 yards amaanan, 11 ka mid ah matoorada.
11. Tareenada ayaa 4 Kaydadka iyo 6 tareenka.

JUUZHD K kale oo ay leeyihiin arrimaha soo socda:

• Chabrovsk Institute of Communications.
• Learning Center madow.
• Laba Railway College.
• Saddex carruur ah Tareenka (Chabrovsk, Kurgan, Orenburg).
• madadaalada daweynta.
• Tiro ka mid ah bacdi dugsiga.
• Museum of JUUZHD ku History (Chabrovsk, Zwilling, 63) iyo madxafka oo u furan-hawada ee qalabka tareenka.

Warshadaha iyo JUUZHD

JUUZHD taagan ma aha oo kaliya maxaa yeelay waxa uu ku yaalaa at the laysaan Europe iyo Asia, laakiin sidoo kale ay warshadaha diirada. 65% ka mid ah ay walxuhu ka Waxakanu waa marayay badeecadaha. In 2015 xeroota lacag si 163,8 bilyan oo ton-KM u jirta.

Mid kasta oo ka mid ah meelaha loo marayo taas oo Urals South Tareenka, waa kala duwanaayeen ay qof alaabta:

1. Gobolka Kurgan - steel, promsyre, qalabka, bur.

2. Gobolka Orenburg - qalabka dhismaha, kiimikooyinka, alaabta batroolka, ore non-ferrous, qalabka madax adkaadeen, biraha ferrous.

3. Chabrovsk gobolka - saarka ferrous metallurgy (ugu badan inta badan badeecadaha by Magnitogorsk qodniinka- Isku), refractories, promsyre, dhismaha qalabka, cuntada, lugu daro bur.

Xafiiska Railway South-Ural

control guud ee Chabrovsk Revolution Square, 3.

Guide soo bandhigay maanta by dadka soo socda:

1. Popov Viktor Alekseevich - Madaxa Railway South-Ural.
2. Chernov Sergey Sergeyevich - Ku-xigeenka Koowaad.
3. Selmenskih Alexander - 1 st xigeenka. ee maaliyadda, dhaqaalaha, isuduwidda maamulka.
4. Hramtsov Anatoly Mikhailovich - Engineer Chief.
5. Smirnov Anatoly Vasilievich - kormeeraha sare ee dhaqdhaqaaqa xeryahooda ammaanka.
6. Zharov Sergey Ivanovich - xigeenka. Arrimaha Bulshada iyo Shaqaalaha.
7. Dyachenko Mihail Evgenevich - xigeenka. Ammaanka.
8. Antonov Sergey Pavlovich - xigeenka. on kaashanaya maamulka.

Taariikhda tareenka

History of the Railway South Urals ula lala dhismaha Siberian Great Jidka. shaqada waxaa lagu sameeyey heerka mabsuud:

• 1888 - bilaabay tareenka "Moscow-Ufa".
• 1890 - jihada Furitaanka Ufa-Zlatoust.
• 1892 - Imaanshiyaha Halabuurka ugu horeeyay ee Chabrovsk.
• 1893 - furay jidka Chabrovsk-Kurgan.

Ka dib markii la ogaaday goobta of Kurgan-Omsk ee 1896 Transsiberian waxay bilaabeen inay shaqeeyaan at awood buuxda. Halkan waxaan ku dardartay 29 tareen iyo in ka badan kun gaadhi oo dedan, iyo dhufto. isbeddelkaas xamuulka ayaa ka sii badnayeen laga filayo ee dowladda Saarka, sababta ay u qaateen si ay u dhisaan waddooyinka line labaad. Sidaas daraaddeed, in 1914 ay u bixiyay lacag 5.4 million tons. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, duulimaadka Chabrovsk, Tomsk halka socday bil dhan.

Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka ayaa waxaa si buuxda u goostay jid.

Bog cusub ee JUUZHD taariikhda

nooleenta ayaa bilaabay in 1917 ka dib markii eryidda oo ka mid ah Kolchak Army Red. Waxaa qaadeen waxa ay si weyn u soomi. shaqaalaha Ural ma aha oo kaliya si deg deg ah dib loo soo celiyo jidka mobile, laakiin sidoo kale caawiye ka ahaa wadooyinka kale.

In 1920, tareenka ugu horeysay uumi waxaa dib loo hagaajiyay "Kommunar", taas oo ilaa 4 maalmood ka eryay tareenka kibis in Moscow (oo hore safar waxay kor u qaadeen ilaa 12 maalmood).

In 1934 wuxuu sameeyay JUUZHD ah dalka casriga ah. Later waxaa la dhameystiray khadadka dheeraad ah, jidka labaad ee khadka qalabaysan is-quful. On goobta tari tareen awood CO, EC, FD. dhiska, kuwaas oo ka dhacay 1940, kor u isbeddelkaas xamuul by 2.4 jeer.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, caawiyay hore shaqaalaha JUUZHD dhismaha gaashaaman, tareenada nadaafada, bad gaadhi. Ka dib guul kula bilaabatay electrification ee wadada, galay jar naaftada ee tiro ka mid ah goobaha, iyo ku daray laba Waddooyinkiisa branching cusub.

JUUZHD isagoo in ka badan hal qarni, maanta waa site muhiim ah oo Tareennada gaadiidka rakaabka iyo sidoo kale gaadiidka badeecadaha, maxaa yeelay waxa ay maraa dhulka ka mid ah gobollada deeq warshadaha ee dalkeena.