Sidee si loo cabbiro cadaadiska Hawada ee Pascals? Waa maxay cadaadiska caadiga ah Hawada ee Pascals?

Jawi - daruur gaaska ku xeeran dhulka. Air Miisaanka, height of column ka wada weyn yahay 900 km, ayaa saamayn xooggan ku deggan dhulkeenna. Annagu ma dareemaan this, nolosha gartay hoose ee hawada badda for siiyo. Raaxo qofka dareensan yahay, anigoo goor wanaagsan sare buuraha galay. deficiency ogsijiin dhirfinaya daal. Marka ay tani isbedel cadaadis muhiimad atmosfeerta.

Physics aragto cadaadiska Hawada, ay isbedel iyo saamaynta ay ku oogada Dhulka.

In koorsada of physics waxbarasho dugsiga sare garoomada Hawada ka helay dareenka badan. Waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee go'aaminta ku tiirsanaanta ee height ah, saamaynta on geedi socodka ka dhacaya guriga ama in dabeecadda, waxaa lagu sharaxay ku salaysan aqoonta tallaabo atmosfeerta.

Marka laga bilaabo inaad wax ka barato cadaadiska Hawada? Fasalka 6 - yiqiin markii la dhegyadii of jawiga. Continue habka this ee fasalada astaanta ee dugsiga sare.

History of daraasadda

The isku day marka hore la dhiso ee Hawada cadaadiska hawada qaaday in 1643 at jeedinaya of Evangelista Talyaani ah Torricelli. muraayadda laga shaabadeeyey laba ka mid ah dhammaadka tuubada waxaa ka buuxsamay mercury. Xiritaanka ayaa dhanka kale, waxaa la hoos geliyey mercury ah. In qaybta sare ee tuubada sabab u baxsiga ah qayb ka mid ah mercury meel madhan sameeyay, si aad u hesho magaca soo socda: "waxba kama jiraan Torricellian".

Waqtigaa ee cilmiga dabiiciga ah heysatay aragtida ah ee Aristotle, kuwaas oo la rumaysan yahay in "dabeecadda karahdo vacuum ah." Sida laga soo xigtay aragtidiisa, meel maran aan ka buuxsamay maalkii ma noqon karo. Sidaa darteed, joogitaanka hulalka ee tube muraayadda waqti dheer isku dayaya si ay u sharxaan ah hooyooyinka kale.

Xaqiiqada ah in ay tahay meel madhan, shaki kuma jiro, waxba ma aha in aan la buuxin karo, maxaa yeelay, mercury si bilowgii tijaabo si buuxda dhululubo ka buuxsamay. Oo baxaya, ma ogolaan waxyaabaha kale si ay u buuxiyaan booska. Laakiin maxaa waxyaalahan oo dhammu of mercury ma ku shubtay galay markabka, iyo sidoo kale caqabad ku this waxaa? Gunaanadka waa cad yahay: mercury ee tube sida in weelasha xidhiidhka, waxay abuurtaa cadaadis isla on mercury ee markabka, iyo sidoo kale wax ka baxsan. At heer la mid ah la dusha sare ee mercury ku saabsanaa jawi keliya. Waxa ay ahayd iyada cadaadis dhiig oo xajiya, maalkiisa ka soo baxay dal ay cuf. Gas la og yahay in la abuuro saameyn la mid ah ee jiho kasta. saameynta uu la kulmin dusha sare ee mercury ee markabka.

sarajooggiisu wuxuu Hg ah dhululubo waa qiyaastii u siman yihiin in ay 76 cm. Waxaa la sheegay in qayb ka this kala duwan muddo, sidaas daraaddeed, cadaadiska Hawada kala duwan. Waxaa la qiyaasi karaa in cm Hg (ama milimitir).

Kaas oo unugyada in ay isticmaalaan?

Nidaamka Caalamiga ah ee Cutubyada waa caalami ah, sidaas darteed kuma saabsana isticmaalka Milimitir Meerkuri. Art. go'aaminta cadaadiska. Unit cadaadiska Hawada aasaasay hab la mid ah sida ay dhacdo in adkaha iyo dareeraha. Cabbiraad ee cadaadiska ku pascals qaaday SI.

1 Pa la ansaxiyey cadaadiska taas oo ciidan of 1 N, u sabab ah qayb ka mid ah 1 m ^2.

Qeex sida lala unugyada. Cadaadiska column dareere la fadhiistaan formula soo socda: p = ρgh. cufnaanta Mercury ρ = 13,600 kg / m ^3. Meel laga bilaabo ahaan waxaan qaadan dhererka mercury of 760 milimitir ee. Sidaa awgeed:

p = 13600 kg / m ³ × 9,83 N / kg × 0,76 m = 101292,8 Pa

Si ay u qoraan cadaadiska Hawada ee Pascals, ka fiirso: 1 mm Hg = 133,3 Pa.

Tusaale ka mid ah xalinta dhibaatada

Go'aaminta ciidanka oo jawiga u dhaqmo on m dhinacyada dusha saqafka 10x20 ah. Qiyaasayey si siman u cadaadiska Hawada waa 740 mmHg

p = 740 mmHg, a = 10 m, b = 20 m.

falanqaynta

Si loo go'aamiyo awoodba loo baahan yahay in la dhiso cadaadiska Hawada ee Pascals. Ma garato in 1 millimeter Hg waa loo siman yahay si 133,3 Pa, waxaan heli soo socda: p = 98 642 Pa.

go'aanka

Isticmaalka ogaanshaha cadaadis formula:

p = F / s,

Tan iyo markii ay meesha of saqafka lama siiyo, u qaadan in ay tahay qaab qaab. Meesha of tiradaasi by formula ah:

s = ab.

Badalaa square formula xisaabinta qiimaha:

p = F / (ab), halkaas oo:

F = pab.

Xisaabiyaan: F = 98642 Pa × 10 m × 20 m = 19728400 H = 1.97 MN.

Jawaab: The xoog cadaadis of jawiga saqafka loo siman yahay 1.97 MN.

Hababka cabiraada

go'aan tijaabo ah cadaadiska Hawada lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo column ah mercury. Haddii socota, waxa uu si uu u xaliyo miisaanka, waxa uu noqonayaa mid suurtogal ah in lagu soo qabto isbedel. Tani waa halbeegga ugu fudud mercury.

Waxaa la xusay lana yaab iskujoog oo tallaabo Hawada ahaa Evangelista Torricelli, xiriirinaya habkan kulayl iyo qabow.

si mug leh ayaa waxaa la odhan jiray cadaadis Hawada at dusha badda at 0 darajo Celsius. Qiimaha Tani waa 760 mmHg Cadaadiska Hawada caadi ah in pascals loo arkaa in ay si siman u 10 ⁵ Pa.

Waxaa la og yahay in mercury waa wax waxyeello ku yahay caafimaadka aadanaha. Sidaas darteed, ma isticmaali kartaa barometers mercury furan. dheecaannada kale ayaa yeelan degsiimooyin si weyn u yar, sidaas tuubada oo dareere waa in ay ahaadaan ku filan muddo dheer.

Tusaale ahaan, column biyaha ahbaa Blaise Pascal, waa in oo ku saabsan 10 m ee height. Faa'iida waa wax iska cad.

aneroid arka halbeegga

Tallaabada A cajiib ah weerarka iska la odhan karaa ka fikradda ah ee dareeraha ah si ay u abuuraan barometers. Awoodda in ay soo saaraan qalab lagu ogaanayo cadaadiska of jawiga waxaa hirgeliyey arka halbeegga aneroid ah.

Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee mitir - sanduuq flat, kaas oo hawada waxaa nuugaa ama looga saaraa. Si looga fogaado in ay jawi qallocan, dusha laga sameeyey oo jiingado. ilo boll System xiran fallaadh oo muujinaysa qiimaha cadaadis ku saabsan baaxadda soo. Arintaan la qalin karaa halbeeg kasta. Qiyaasay in cadaadiska Hawada Pascals noqon kartaa qiyaasta cabbirka ku haboon.

Qaadayso height iyo cadaadiska ee jawiga

Beddelidda cufnaanta ee jawiga sida ay u kaca raadad in hoos u dhac cadaadiska. Heterogeneity of gasbag uusan ogolaan sharci toosan inay soo bandhigto isbedel, sidii sare kordhiyaa heerka uu hoos u cadaadiska waxaa hoos u dhacay. At oogada Dhulka sidii ay ku kici 12 mitir kasta oo ficil ah ee jawiga uu hoos u dhaco 1 mm Hg. Art. In troposphere ah, isbedel la mid ah waxay ku dhacdaa, waayo 10.5 m kasta.

Near dusha sare ee dhulka at sare ah aneroid duulimaadka diyaaradaha la siiyaa miisaan gaar ah, go'aan ka gaari kara height ee cadaadiska Hawada. qalab Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa altimeter ah.

qalab Gaarka ah ee dusha sare ee dhulka kuu ogolaanayaa inaad dhigay akhrinta altimeter ee eber, in ay sii wadaan si ay u isticmaalaan in ay go'aan ka height u qaadeen.

Tusaale ka mid ah xalinta dhibaatada

At cagta ee ay hiigsadaan buurta tusay cadaadiska Hawada 756 mm Hg Muxuu yahay qiimaha uu noqon doonaa at sare ah ee 2500 mitir ka sarreysaa oogada badda? Aad rabto si ay u qoraan cadaadiska Hawada ee Pascals.

p ₁ = 756 mm Hg, H = 2500 m, _p2 -?

go'aanka

Si loo go'aamiyo ay hiigsadaan ee H height a, aan xisaabta in cadaadis uu hoos u dhaco ilaa 1 mm Hg 12 mitir kasta. Sidaa darteed:

(P ₁ - p ₂₎ X 12 m H × = 1 mm Hg, halkaas oo:

p ₂ = p ₁ - H × 1 mm Hg / 12 m = 756 mmHg - 2500 m × 1 mm Hg / 12 m = 546 mmHg

Si ay u qoraan cadaadiska keentay Hawada ee Pascals, raac talaabooyinkan:

p ₂ = 546 × 133,3 Pa = 72619 Pa

Jawaab: 72.619 Pa.

cadaadiska Hawada iyo cimilada

Movement of layers hawada Hawada u dhow dusha dhulka iyo kuleylka non-uniform of hawada ee qaybaha kala duwan ay keeni isbeddel ku xaaladaha cimilada oo dhan qeybo ka mid ah dunida.

Cadaadiska kala duwanaan karaan by 20-35 mmHg mustaqbalka fog iyo 2-4 mm Hg inta lagu jiro maalinta. Qofka caafimaad ma Oga isbeddel ah ee index this.

Cadaadiska Hawada kuwaas oo qiimo ka hooseeyo caadi ah oo inta badan laga beddelo, waxay muujinaysaa cover duufaanta huba. Inta badan this ifafaale waxaa ku weheliyay daruuro iyo roobab.

Cadaadiska hoose ma aha had iyo jeer calaamad u tahay roob. cimilada xun waa ka badan ku xidhan tahay hoos u dhaca si tartiib ah tilmaame this.

A hoos u cadaadiska af badan ilaa 74 sentimitir Hg iyo hoos u wajihi duufaanka, shubmay in ay sii wadaan tan iyo markii tilmaame waxa ay mar horeba bilaabeen in ay ku kici.

isbedelka cimilada wanaagsan ee la go'aamin karaa by shuruudaha soo socda:

• ka dib markii muddo dheer cimilada xun jiro koritaanka tartiib ah oo joogto ah cadaadiska Hawada;
• in cimilada ciiryaamo leh korodhka cadaadiska slushy;
• inta lagu jiro dabaylo koonfurta tilmaamahan soo baxdo muddo dhowr maalmood ah;
• korodhka Hawada cadaadiska in hawada dabaysha - calanka asaasidda cimilada raaxo leh.