Sidayaal Information: noocyada iyo tusaalooyin

ilbaxnimada Human inta lagu guda jiro jiritaankeeda ayaa helay siyaabo badan si ay u qoraan warbixin. Sannad kasta, Muga waxaa sii kordhaya ee horumarka joomatari. Sababtan awgeed, iyo beddelo warbaahinta. Taasi waxa ay horumar this la hoos ku hadli doonaa.

vestiges ee la soo dhaafay

taxadiri da'da hawl aadanaha waxa loo arki karaa sawirro dhagaxa, taas oo u muujinayaa xayawaanka in ay raadinayaan ujeeddooyin. The warbaahinta marka hore la taaban karo ahaayeen asal ahaan dabiiciga ah.

horumar degdeg dhabta ah waa suurto gal ah in la tixgeliyo muuqaalka kore ee qoraal ka Sumerians, kuwaas oo ku noolaa in la joogo-maalin Ciraaq iyo isticmaalka ma aha dhagax, dhoobo iyo murriyado, kuwaasi oo ay rasaas ka dib markii qoraal. Sayidka, ammaankooda waxaa aad u kordhay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka ay diiwaan aqoonta aad bay u hoosaysay.

Waxaad sidoo kale la soco kartaa caw ah dalka Masar, wax, hargahood, oo hore u bilaabeen in ay qoraan in reer Faaris. In Asia, baasaboorka iyo xariir waxa uu u adeegsaday. Baydka Hindida lahaa nidaamka qoraal gaar ah nodular. In Russia, baxsad Elm ahaa, kaas oo qadiimiga ah maanta.

warqad

warbaahinta Paper galisay, iskeelka of taas oo ay adag tahay in ay qiimayn dheeraad. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in analogues ugu horeysay ee wax cellulosic ayaa helay Chinese ee qarnigii II, waxa ay noqotay inay dadweynuhu heli karaan oo keliya qarnigii XIX ah.

Iyadoo ah ee waraaqaha iyo buugaagta la xiriira. In 1450s ah hindisa Jarmalka Johann Gutenberg abuurtay mashiinka gacanta lagu daabaco by yahay kuwaas oo soo saaray laba nuqul ka mid ah Kitaabka Quduuska ah. Dhacdooyinkaasi waxay u adeegi jireen sida dhibic laga bilaabo marxalad cusub oo daabacaadda mass ah. Waxay ahayd mahad isaga aqoonta uu dayn inay noqon badan oo ka mid ah daaha khafiif ah aadanaha, oo sidaas daraaddeed heli kara qof kasta oo raba in uu.

warqad maanta waa balaadhan, kabayso, dahaarka leh, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Its la doortay ku xiran tahay ujeedada gaar ah. Oo in kastoo maro cad waa in baahida ka badan sidii hore, ay meel cusub oo waxa uu hore u koreen.

Feeraan kaararka iyo cajalad warqad

riix Next horumarinta warbaahinta warbixin helay at bilowgii qarnigii XIX ah, marka kaararka paperboard ugu horeysay. Meelaha qaarkood fuliyeen furan iyada oo loo marayo taas oo xogta la akhriyo. Markii hore, technology isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo yari.

Interest in wax soo saarka cusub oo kordhay ka dib markii la bilaabay in la isticmaalo ee dalka Mareykanka natiijada count sahlan oo degdeg ah tirakoobka dadweynaha ee 1890 ka. Production kaararka macaamiloodeen mustaqbalka, IBM ayaa noqday horyaal ee technology computer. talinaysay The of technology waxay ahayd in bartamihii qarnigii XX ah. Waxay ahayd markaa in bilaabay inuu faafin nidaamka binary, loo abaabulo oo loo soo uruuriyaan macluumaad kala duwan.

The warbaahinta computer marka hore ayaa sidoo kale feeray cajalad. Waxay waxaa laga sameeyey oo warqad oo loo isticmaalo in telegraphy. Sababo la format cajalad ay u ogolaanaya talooyin fudud iyo wax soo saarka. Tani ayaa ka dhigay inay ka maarmaan ilaa muuqaalka kore ee tartanka magnetic.

cajalad magnetic

No arrinta sida sidayaal xogta dibada hore wanaagsan, iyagu ma ay soo saari kartaa waxa lagu go'an. dhibaatada waxaa loo xalin la dhalashada of cajalad magnetic. Waa substrate a dabacsan dahaarka leh kula dhowr lakab, on kaas oo xogta laga diiwaangeliyey. Sida dheecaanka ka shaqeeya dhaqmeen si kala duwan xubno ka kiimikada bir ah, Cobalt, chromium.

warbaahinta kaydinta magnetic ayaa sameeyey horumar degdeg ah a ah ee wax lagu qoro dhawaaqa. Waxaa la hal-abuurnimo this ayaa u ogolaaday tiknolojiyada cusub si degdeg ah u xasil ee Germany ee 30-ka. qalabka Previous (ciyaartoyda record phonograph, rikoorka ciyaaryahan) dabeecadda kala duwan farsamo oo aan ahaayeen wax ku ool ah. Waxaa jiray baahsan gariiradda cajalad iyo nooca cajalad.

In 50s ee waxaa jiray isku dayo in la isticmaalo horumarka, kuwaas oo sida warbaahinta kaydinta computer ah. cajalado magnetic ah ayaa la soo bandhigay ee kombiyuutarada shakhsi ee 80s ka. Waxay caan yahay inta badan ay sabab u tahay faa'iidada kuwan. sida awood weyn, cheapness qaraabo ah wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka awood yar yahay.

Faa'iida cajalado la oran karo waa taariikhda uu dhacayo. Tan iyo markii ay demagnetized muddo. In kiiska ugu fiican, xogta lagu kaydiyaa on 40 - 50 sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma ka hortagi format ah si ay u noqdaan caan adduunka oo dhan. Sidoo kale waa in aan soo magacawnay fiidiyo ah, kaas oo la Shafay ee dhammaadkii qarnigii XX. sidayaal xogta magnetic u noqday aasaaskii jidhka iyo nooca cusub ee baahinta.

drives adag

Dhanka kale, horumarinta warshadaha sii. sidayaal Information u baahan xaddi weyn oo casriyeynta. The ugu horeysay drives adag ama drives adag ayaa la dhigay ilaa 1956, ciidamada IBM. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan waaqici. Waxay yihiin ka badan sanduuq, oo ton oo miisaankeedu yahay ku dhowaad siman. mugga xogta lagu kaydiyaa kama badna 3.5 megabytes. Later, si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka loo sameeyay, iyo 1995 ayaa waxaa ka adkaan suunka 10 gigabytes. Iyo 10 sano ka dib, wuxuu tegey on sale Hitachi daydo mugga of 500 gigabytes.

Si ka duwan analogues dabacsan drives adag ku jira taarikada aluminium. Xogta soo saari by akhriyey madaxdii. Iyagu ma taaban disk ah, iyo shaqeeyaan fogaan ah dhowr nanomitir ka. Anyway mabda 'hawlgalka ay la mid tahay sifooyinka rikoorrada HDD. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee been qalabka jirka loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo qalabka. drives adag ayaa noqotay saldhig kombiyuutarada shakhsi. Waqti ka, lagu daydo ka mid ah ayaa soo saaray weheliso drives, actuators korantada.

xasuusta ugu weyn ee looga baahan yahay content xogta laga reebo, drives adag haysto wax looga aydo qaarkood looga baahan yahay inay la simi xawaare ka soo qalabka akhrinta.

3.5-inji disk kumbiyuutarka

Isla mar ahaantaana waxa ay horay u socdo qaabab yar. Aqoonta sifooyinka magnetic waxtar leh in la abuuro kumbuutarka, data taas oo la akhriyi by drive gaar ah. The analoogga ugu horeysay sida la soo bandhigay by IBM 1971. duubo cufnaanta sidayaal macluumaadka sida ilaa 3 megabytes ahaa. The salaysan diskette ahaa disk ah kumbiyuutarka, daboolay lakabka ah ee qalabka ferromagnetic.

Waxa ugu weyn ee - yaraynta dhinacyada jirka ah ee warbaahinta - ayaa format this inta badan suuqa ugu jirta in ka badan rubac qarni ah. Kaliya ee Maraykanka ee 80s ee kor u soo saara ilaa 300 million kumbuutarka cusub.

In kasta oo faa'iidooyin badan, cibaaro ku lahaa cillado - dareen in ay faragelin magnetic iyo awoodda yar yahay marka la barbar dhigo oo dhan baahida sii kordhaysa ee user computer caadiga ah.

CDs

Jiilkii ugu horeeyay ee warbaahinta indhaha bilaabay CDs. Ay noocooda weli diiwaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka sidayaal cusub xogta dibadda laga sameeyey polycarbonate. disc walax this ahaa daahan ee thinnest bir (dahab, iyo lacag, aluminium). Si loo ilaaliyo xogta, waxaa ku dednaa varnish gaar ah.

CD caan loo sameeyay ciidamada Sony iyo rido-soo-saarka mass ee 1982. format The ugu horeysay heshay caan balaadhan oo ay sabab u tahay wax lagu qoro fudud. mugga dhowr boqol oo megabytes ogol yahay in ay Leexin turntables hore iyo rikoorrada cajalad iyo ka dib. Haddii marka hore liita ee mugga macluumaad, dambe khilaafeen tayada codka ka xun. Sidoo kale qaab cusub u kumbuutarka ee la soo dhaafay, taas oo aan ku yaaliin oo kaliya xogta yar soo diray, laakiinse iyagu ma ay ahaayeen kuwo aad u la isku halayn karo.

cajaladood Compact sababay kacaanka ah oo duurka ku kombiyuutarada shakhsi. Waqti ka, kooxda warshadaha (tusaale ahaan, Apple) waxay u wareegeen wax soo saarka ee kumbiyuutarada la drives in ay taageeraan format CD ah.

DVD iyo Blue Ray-

sidayaal xogta indhaha qarnigan ugu horeysay ayaa lagu qabtay on kaydinta ah ku dar dheer. In 1996, waxaa jiray DVD, taas oo marka la eego mugga ahayd ka badan oo uu awoowe weyn lix jeer. Heerka cusub awood aad si ay u qoraan videos ee mudada dheer. isaga Under si deg deg ah ula qabsadaan warshadaha filimka. movies DVD ayaa noqotay si cad u heli karo dunida oo dhan. Mabda'a hawlgalka iyo macluumaad sireed badan CDs ku hadhay isku mid.

Ugu dambeyntii, sanadkii 2006, waxaa bilowday cusub, taariikh, format la soo dhaafay warbaahinta indhaha. mugga noqday in boqolaal gigabytes. Tani waxay xaqiijineysaa duubo iyo video dhawaaqa tayada ugu fiican.

qaabab dagaal

In ka badan sannadihii ugu danbeeyay, colaadaha soo noqnoqda oo u dhexeeya qaabab kaydinta xogta leheyn. drives External ka saarayaasha kala duwan oo ku saabsan marxalada labaad ee horumarinta warshadaha ee midba midka kale u tartamaan monoboli ee format ah.

Mid ka mid ah tusaalayaasha marka hore sida waxaa ka mid ah khilaafka u dhexeeya phonograph ee Edison gramophone Berliner 10-mada qarnigii XX. In khilaaf dheeraad ah sida kac u dhexeeya CD-cajalado iyo cajalado maqal ah 8-track, VHS iyo Betamax; MP3 iyo AAC, iyo D. sidaas on. Ugu danbeysay ee taxanahan, kanu wuxuu ahaa "dagaal" dhexeeya HD DVD iyo Blue-Ray, kaas oo ku dhamaaday guul dambaysta ah.

kaxeeya flash

Tusaalooyinka warbaahinta kaydinta ma aan samayn karo aan sheegin ah drives USB-flash. The Bus Serial Universal marka hore waxaa la sameeyey in ay 90s bartamihii. Si aad u taariikhda, waxaa durbaba waxaa weeye qarnigii saddexaad ee interface xogta this. baska wuxuu kuu ogol yahay in la xidhiidha durugsan PC a. Inkasta oo dhibaatadan ayaa muddo dheer jirey ka hor dhalashada of USB, waxaa la go'aamiyay kaliya ee tobanka sano ee la soo dhaafay.

Maanta, computer kasta oo uu leeyahay booska la garan karo, kaas oo aad ku xidhan karto in aad computer telefoonka mobile, ciyaaryahanka, kiniin, iyo wixii la mid ah. D. gudbinta xogta Fast in kasta oo format sameeyey USB qalab si dhab ah universal.

caan ugu weyn ee lagu helay drives flash ama drives flash in lahjadeed mucayan ah ee ku salaysan interface this. qalab noocan oo kale ah ayaa ah USB-xira, chip microcontroller ah, resonator quartz ah iyo LED ah. All faahfaahin kuwaas oo ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in aad jeebka ah gigabytes of data. In size drive flash USB siinayaa xataa saxannada kumbiyuutarka, haysashada awoodda 3 megabytes. Mararka ay korortay qalabka mugga, kuna waari dhexdeeda macluumaad kaydinta waxaa la sameeyaa. Media, by la barbardhigo, u muuqdaan in ay hoos u jireed.

miday isku xira ogolaanaya drives in ay ka shaqeeyaan ma aha oo kaliya kombiyuutarada shakhsi, laakiin sidoo kale la telefishinada, DVD-ciyaartoy iyo aaladaha kale ee la technology USB. Faa'iidada weyn marka loo eego la dhigooda indhaha noqday ka yar u nugul in ay saamayn dibadeed. Flash drive ugama cabsato xagashada iyo boodh ku jiray oo khatar ku dhimanaya in CD ah.

xaqiiqada dalwaddii

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, warbaahinta kaydinta computer booska liita ee badiilka ah dalwaddii. Tan iyo maanta waa u fududahay in ay ku xidhmaan PC a in network caalami ah, macluumaadka waxaa loo kaydiyaa on server la wadaago. Facilities yihiin dafiri karin. Haddaba, si aad u hesho helitaanka files ay, user uusan u baahan tahay dhexdhexaad ah jirka ah. Si ay ula falgalaan xogta ee gobolka filan gudahood caymiska ah ee la xidhiidha wireless Wi-Fi iyo t. D.

Intaa waxaa dheer, this ifafaale ka caawisaa si looga fogaado jahawareer la failure ee drives jirka kuwa u nugul dhaawac. xiriir server Remote la signal taageero in saamayn kuma yeelan doono, sida kiiska ee xaaladaha lama filaan ah halkaas oo ay jiraan siyaado ah kaydinta xogta.

gunaanad

Inta taariikhda - ka farshaxankiisa godka si gelinno dalwaddii - nin doonayeen inay ka dhigi sidayaal macluumaad bulkier, more lagu kalsoonaan karo oo la awoodi karo. rabitaan Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in maanta aynu ku nool yihiin marxalad ah in aan waa sabab la'aan loo yaqaan qarnigii ee bulshada macluumaadka. Progress in waxa hadda waa dadka ku nool nolol maalmeedka kaliya ceejiya in il xogta yimid. Waxaa laga yaabaa in sidayaal macluumaadka, kaas oo cayn kasta ah u badin, u xuub-beddelo, sida ay qofka looga baahan yahay sovremenennogo.