In daraasadda oo fikirka bulshada ee Russia ay tahay wax aan macquul aheyn si ay u tagaan ee la soo dhaafay 40-mada ay qarnigii 19aad, markii fikradda sameeyay Slavophiles iyo reer galbeedka. khilaafaadka ma waxay u talin jireen qarnigii la soo dhaafay iyo weli muhiimadda siyaasadeed, gaar ahaan iyada oo dhacdooyinkii u danbeeyay.
Jawiga qarnigii 19aad
In bilawgii qarnigii 19aad, Russia jiray dalka iyo weliba dalka reer hab dhulgoosadka ah ee wax soo saarka, in la barbardhigo Yurub, halkaas oo nidaamka ka mid ah xoojinta xiriirka ganacsade raasammaaliyade. Sayidka, backwardness kordhay dhaqaale ee Empire Ruush ah, kaas oo siiyey munaasabadda si ay u muujiyaan on baahida loo qabo in dib u habayn. By waaweyn iyo, waxay dib u bilowday Peter ugu horeysay, laakiin natiijada ahaayeen filnayn. Isla mar ahaantaana xiriirka ganacsade la diriray oo ay maraan jidkii Yurub taasi oo ka Kacdoonkii, dhiig iyo rabshadaha. Kor u tartan, xoojiyey dhiig-miirashada. xaqiiqooyinka Recent waxyoonay xubno badan oo fikirka ah ee bulshada ee qaranka. Waxaa jira dood arrin la fahmi karo oo ku saabsan horumarinta mustaqbalka ee dalka, ayaa in ka badan in loola cararay mid ka mid ah xad-dhaaf ah si ay boqorada ee siyaasadda gudaha in kale. Slavophiles iyo reer galbeedka - laba siyaabood oo ka soo hor jeedda, waayo, Russia, laakiin qof walba wuxuu lahaa si ay u keenaan barwaaqo.
Iyada oo laga jawaabayo dhaqdhaqaaqa Slavophiles
Ku dhawaad laba qarni ka mid ah fasalada sare ee gobolka Ruush baa la sameeyey aragti poklonnicheskoe dhinaca Europe iyo guulaha ay. Russia waxaa sii kordheysa bedelay, isku dayayaan in ay u eg ee dalalka reer galbeedka. A. S. Homyakov ugu horeysay soo bandhigay saaray fikirka dadweynaha oo ku saabsan habka gaarka ah ee horumarinta of our state - ku saleysan collectivism, taas oo u muuqato in bulshada reer miyiga ah. Tani waxay tiraa baahida loo qabo in ay xoogga saaraan backwardness awoodda ah oo u qalma in Europe. Qiyaastii muujiyay theses yahanno midaysan, gaar ahaan qorayaasha. Waxay noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Slavophiles ah. Reer galbeedka - nooc ka mid ah jawaab dhaqdhaqaaqa ee kor ku xusan. Wakiilada Westernism, oo ku salaysan fikrado ah Georga Gegelya, wuxuu arkay hal isbedel ah ee horumarinta dalalka oo dhan ee dunida.
Foundations falsafadeed ee reer galbeedka
Inta taariikhda oo fikirka ah aadanaha ka dhawaajisay su'aasha soo rogeen by Paul Gauguin: "Yaa nahay Xaggee Si ???". Ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah la soo dhaafay waxaa la qoondeeyey seddex dhibcood of view. Qaar ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in hoos aadanaha. Qaar kale - in ay u guurayaan goobo ah, in uu yahay, ee wareegyada. Weli dad kale ku dooday in soconayo. Reer galbeedka - waa wada xajiya view dambe. Waxay rumaysan yahay in taariikhda waa horusocod ah, uu leeyahay mid ka mid dulinka horumarka, la Europe ka hor gobollada kale ee adduunka oo lagu qeexay Jidka in dadyowga kale oo dhan tegi doonaa. Sidaa darteed, dalalka oo dhan, iyo sidoo kale Russia, waa in ay diiradda saaraan guulaha ay ilbaxnimada Yurub ee qaybaha bulshada oo dhan iyada oo aan laga reebo.
Against reer galbeedka Slavophiles
Sidaas daraaddeed, ee 40eeyaha ee qarnigii 19aad waxay lahayd iska hor imaad ah "Slavophiles - galbeedka" fikirka. miiska A barbar caqiidada aasaasiga ah ee ugu fiican muujiyaan aragtidooda ku saabsan ee la soo dhaafay iyo mustaqbalka ee gobolka Ruush.
Fikradaha Slavophiles iyo reer galbeedka | reer galbeedka | su'aalo la barbardhigo | Slavophiles |
| Middoobey ee Europe | Jidka horumarinta | Aqoonsiga, gaar ahaan |
| Dib ugu waddamada reer galbeedka marka loo eego | jagada Russia | Isma barbardhigi kartid dalalka kale |
| Positive, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay horumarka dalka uu ku | Xiriirka Peter dibuhabaynta | Taban ilbaxnimada, oo isagu wuxuu dumiyey jiraye |
| Boqortooyada Baarlamaanka, nidaamka dastuuriga ah ee xuquuqda madaniga iyo xorriyadda | Nidaamka siyaasadeed ee Russia | -Raaxaysta-, laakiin nooca amar raggu. xoogga opinion - dadka (Zemsky Sobor), xoogga maamulka - boqorka. |
| negative | Aragtida dhinaca serfdom | negative |
wakiillo ka socda reer galbeedka
door muhiim ah ka ah dib u habaynta ganacsade weyn 60-70s ciyaaray reer galbeedka. Wakiilada oo fikirka dadweynaha ahaayeen ma aha oo kaliya inspirers fikirka ah transformations gobolka, laakiin iyagu ay ku lug lahaayeen horumarkooda. Sidaas darteed, meel bulsho firfircoon qabsadeen Konstantin Kavelin, kaasoo qalinka ku duugay ah "Fiiro gaar ah oo ku saabsan sii daynta qastaan." Timofey Granovsky, oo ah borofisar taariikhda, ku dooday in la sii of dib u habaynta jideeyey in qarnigii hore siddeed iyo tobnaad, Nuurin ee siyaasadda dawladda firfircoon. Isaga waxaa ku wareegsan oo isku wada dheggan yihiin dadka sida maskax, oo ay ka mid Turgenev, Botkin, M. Katkov, Vernadsky, B. Chicherin. fikradaha reer galbeedka waa ku saleysan oo ka mid ah dib u habaynta ugu horusocod ee qarnigii 19 - garsoorka, taas oo aasaaska ku dhaqanka sharciga iyo bulshada rayidka ah la dhigay.
Masiirka ah ee reer galbeedka
Waxaa inta badan u dhacdaa in geeddi-socodka ah ee horumarinta dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada waa ay kala qaybsanaanta sii, kala ie. No marka laga reebo, iyo reer galbeedka. Tani ugu horeyn waxay khusaysaa si loo muujiyo kooxaha xagjirka ah oo ku naadinaysa hab kacaan ee isbeddel. Waxaa ka mid ah Belinsky, N. Ogarev, iyo, dabcan, Alexander Herzen. Marka marxaladdan qaar ka mid ah, ayaa waxaa dhacday slavophiles wada iyo reer galbeedka kacaan kuwaas oo aaminsan in bulshada beeraha wuxuu noqon karaa mid ku salaysan qalabka mustaqbalka bulshada. Laakiin waxa aan ahaa go'aan. Guud ahaan, iska hor imaad ah ee fikrado Jidka asalka ah ee horumarinta Russia ayaa ilaa doorka gaarka ah ee ilbaxnimada inaannu dunida ugu soconnay, iyo baahida loo qabo in orientation pro-Western hadhay. Currently, qaybi waa inta badan ee dhinaca siyaasadda, taas oo ka soo taagan reer galbeedka. Wakiilada dhaqdhaqaaqa ay guushu ku qabsashada Midowga Yurub, la arkayn sida hab ka mid ah ismariwaagii ilbaxnimo, oo ay ka mid weli in muddada dhismaha hantiwadaagga.