State Nature Biosphere Reserve "Khanka" Primor: description

In this article waxaan rabnaa in ay ka hadlaan oo ku saabsan "Khanka" reserve dabiiciga ah. Waxay ku taalaa on bannaanka ku Western xeebaha Khanka, Chernigov, Khorol, Kirov, degmada Spassky of Territory Primorye. Reserve waxaa la aasaasay sanadkii 1990 si loo ilaaliyo meelaha of wintering iyo Shimbiraha xilliga kulaylaha.

Dhig meel reserve ah

"Khanka" Nature Reserve State waxaa ku yaalla qaybta koonfur-bari ee Territory Primorsky, on xeebaha Lake Khanka, oo u dhow soohdinta Ruush-Chinese.

On dhulka reserve biosphere ah waxaa ku badan seeraha herbaceous dhiiqo. Guud ahaan waxaa la deggan siddeed iyo afartan nooc oo nuujiya, iyo afar ka mid ah xitaa ku qoran Kitaabka Cas ee Russia. Reserve "Khanka" ayaa meel ka mid ah in ka badan 39 000 oo hektar. Tani waxaa ka mid ahaa aag aad u ballaaran oo badda biyaha saafiga ah biyo Khanka, kaas oo la hareereeyey by a biyagaleenka ahuba grassy filan ballaaran.

dalalkan oo xeebta ah ee Lake Khanka hodan dhiiqo, oo berrin bannaan iyo daaqsinka kaynta, waxa ugu muhiimsan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in ay grassy seeraha iyo biyagaleenka. Coast dabooli oo cawsduur badan, dareemaduna, seeraha cawska isku qasan.

Laakiin sida dhirta kaynta, iyagu waa burbursan. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid yihiin diiradda saaray buuraha Luzanova. On this site koraan Aspen, geedihii alloonka Mongoliyaan, lindens, maro jilicsan.

Taariikhda aagga la ilaaliyo

In 1971 Khanka Lake iyo degaannada ku hareereysan ayaa la aqoonsan yahay dhulal muhiimadda caalamiga ah. Fikradda la abuuro aag ilaaliyo muuqday ee labaataneeyada ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Waxa ay ahayd oo keliya in halkan 1990 reserve "Khanka" waxaa la abuuray - kuwa aad u yar, xataa waxaan dhihi karaa ugu da'da yaraa ee ku wareegsan Primorsky Krai.

Bishii Abriil 1996, dowladaha Ruush iyo Chinese saxeexay heshiis uu ku adkayn ku saleysan zone Shiinaha ayaa la ilaaliyo "Shinkai-Hu" Khanka iyo in laga ilaaliyo dalka "Lake Khanka" reserve caalamiga ah.

In tirada yar ee kaydka peatland waxaa la soo abaabulay. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - waa meesha "Pine". Waxaa la abaabulay 1965 weli. Waxaa sidoo kale jira juunyeerka sida, "River" (1948), "Khanka" (1963), "Badbaadiyeheenna ah" (1962).

Waa inaan sheegaa in aagga oo idil ilaaliyo waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood oo gebi ahaanba go'doonsan:

1. Shirqoolkii "Pine" aagga of 375 hektar.
2. "River" site. Its meesha waa 12.494 hektar.
3. Shirqoolkii "Melgunovsky" aagga of 300 hektar.
4. Goobta "Devil ee qoyan". Its meesha waa 16.641 hektar.
5. "Crane" site. Its meesha waa 9479 hektar.

cimilada

Reserve "Khanka" waxa uu ku yaalaa zone ee cimilada monsoon. Maxaa yeelay, halkan waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo heerkulka xilliyeed iyo qaafiyad. Winter ee gobolka this baraf yar, iyo guga - qalalan iyo qabow, xagaaga - roobaadka iyo diiran. Sanadkan gudihiisa, roobab waa mid aad u sinnayn. Bisha qabow ee sannadka waa January, heerkulka laga yaabaa da'a si -20 digrii. Laakiin muddo ka diirran - July, marka heerkulka on heerkulbeegga ayaa lagu wadaa 20 degrees.

ciidda

dhulka Prihantiyskie waa alluvial ee dabiiciga ah. Waxaa loo soo sameeyey korsiiya u gudubno, inta badan dhoobo iyo gudboon. gudubno cunugtii hoose ciid. On qaybo kacsantahay waa loams. Laakiin on meelaha guri Dadwaynaha dhiiqo iyo ciidda bar-bog. kaabiga Peat ma aha mid aad u ballaaran - wax ka badan konton sentimitir. Oo hoose dhoobo, taas oo daaha biyuhu, kaas oo keena dhulka kaneecada waa.

reserve Nature

Sida aan ku sheegay, a zone ammaanka ujeedada guud "Khanka" Reserve - waa, dhammaan ayuu ka sarreeyaa, ka seeraha low-been la dhiiqo iyo daaqsinka kaynta. Coast oo badda baxda leh oo cawsduurka iyo dareemaduna. Geedaha waxaa interspersed xoortay. At cagta buuraha aad ka arki kartaa seeraha grassy. Forest aad u yar. Songacha River xeebta webiga waxaad ka arki kartaa goobaha oo qoryo dhif ah geedkii iyo ash. xeebta bari ee Lake Khanka dabooli haramaha broadleaf. waa waxaan idinku leeyahay in flora ee reserve ka mid ah 712 nooc oo dhirta vascular: 32 - noocyada geed, 43 - duurka, 3 - canabkiinna Woody, 9 - xoortay, 625 - dhirta herbaceous.

Bogs dabooli oo ku saabsan toddobaatan boqolkiiba oo ka mid ah meelaha la ilaaliyo. Muuqaalka caan ku yahay ay qaab-dhismeedka fudud. Tan waxaa lagu muujiyey in xaqiiqda ah in, sida caadiga ah, waxaa ku badan hal ama labo ka mid ah dhirta dhiiqo, kaas oo si buuxda u dabooli dalka degan. Waxaa jira afar nooc oo dhulal: sedge, cawsduur, sedge, krupnotravnye iyo suuf cawska-sedge.

Haddii aan ka hadlo biyagaleenka ahuba krupnotravnyh, waxay inta badan ka kooban yihiin bakoorad, cattail bariis duur, caadiga macaan. Kani waa heerka ugu horreeya ee eutrophication. Inta lagu guda jiro dewatering xiga horumarinta sedge, ka dibna biyagaleenka ahuba cawsduur-sedge, taasi oo markii dambe bedelay in seeraha cawska cawsduur. Waa jidhadhkooda oo biyo ah inay khatar ku yihiin waterfowl, oo waxaa la helay ma aha oo kaliya ilaalinta, laakiin sidoo kale cuntada lagama maarmaanka ah.

Meadows, markeeda, qaybsan yihiin laba nooc: qoyan, qoyan. Sidaas daraaddeed, seeraha cawska cawsduur wakiil ka yar boqolkiiba hal meesha oo dhan. Waxay waxaa la geeyaa inta badan dhulka kaneecada. Qoyan naqo ama si xun. dhirta ay dabeecad u - skullcap, uzkolisty cawsduur, cawsduur Langsdorf. Dhir waxaa sii kordhaya dheer oo qaro weyn.

Laakiin seeraha Langsdorfeynikovye diiradda dhulka swampy. Waxay heleen wadar ahaan laba iyo toban nooc oo dhirta. Cawska iyo caws oo isku dhafan seeraha sidoo kale loo tixgeliyo wax ka badan toban noocyo Dhirta.

Laakiin seeraha cawsduur-forb hore u soo bandhigay labaatan iyo geedo yaryar, iyaga ka mid ah: bentgrass, kabsarta, uzkolisty Calamagrostis, bedstraw.

shimbiraha meesha quduuska ah

Reserve "Khanka" - Jannada loogu talogalay waterfowl iyo Shimbiraha biyaha. Wadar ah 336 noocyada halkan duubay. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa ku jira lix noocyada amphibian iyo toddoba nooc oo gurguurta, waxaa kale oo jira si fiican u yaqaan qubo Far Eastern Kitaabka Cas.

reserve waa mid aad u muhiim ah marka la eego taranta iyo guuritaan xilliyeedka ka mid ah shimbiraha. In gobolka this 110 noocyada shimbiraha xilliga kulaylaha. Sanad kasta waxaa jira ah oo ku saabsan 25 lammaane oo xilliga kulaylaha wiish cas-caleemo saaray, 8 lammaane duarskih wiish. Tirada guud ee nooc kasta oo wiish u imanayaa inuu boqol shakhsiyaadka. Kororka dhawaan ka dhacay tirada cantalyaa Far Bari, Haatanse waa kulaylaha iyo 25 lammaane. Inta lagu guda jiro mass on socdaalka shimbir guga Hanke kor istaago in 500 kun oo nooc oo shinbiraha, berriga iyo Swansea. Dhab ahaantii, waa hortiisa cajiib ah. Ma qiyaasi kartaa waxa tiro la yaab leh shimbiraha waqti isku mid ah ku urursan hal a, inkastoo balli weyn.

In Russia, kaliya "Khanka" buul reserve Intermediate Egret iyo Reed Parrotbill.

On nooca reserve duubay 69 nooc oo kalluun, 9 oo ka mid ah waxay ku qoran yihiin sida halis. In biyihii dhulka arkaayo ilaaliyo Plagiognathops Microlepis, kaluun-Auha, bream Amur madow, iyo catfish Soldatov.

dunida xayawaanka

"Khanka" reserve, xoolaha kala duwan ee kala duwanaanshaha noocyada, faanaa ah marar aad dhif. Waa inaan sheegaa in gayiga aagga la ilaaliyo diiwaan noocyada badan dhif ah oo ku qoran Kitaabka Cas iyo Red Book of Primorye Ruushka, hadda in ka badan in kasta oo kaydka kale ciyaarta. Reserve "Khanka" kaalinta ugu horeysay ka mid ah meelaha la ilaaliyo ee Territory Primorsky. Oo ka mid ah 112 xoolaha dhif u ah ee gobolka this 60 waxaa laga helaa reserve ah.

Halkan sidoo kale la duubay 45 nooc oo nuujiya. Liiska kuwa joogta ah oo ku nool degaanka, oo ay ku jiraan 8 nooc oo insectivores, 12 jiirka, 9 noocyada shimbiraha ugaadhsiga, lagomorphs 2 iyo mid naasalayda. nuujiya Rare matalayo afar noocyada. Waxaa oo dhan ku qoran Kitaabka Cas.

On dhulka reserve yihiin jiirka ugu caansan sida jiirka beerta, rat cirro, waah Far Bari, hamster Dahurian, Amur SOS, shrew cad-waayihiisa weyn. In seeraha cawl hannaanka deggan la cows sare. In meelahan ku yaalaan oo kaliya guurayso orso oo brown iyo Hamalayan. Sidoo kale dhulka ka mid ah xayawaanka aagga la ilaaliyo live ku qoran Kitaabka Cas ee Russia. iyaga ka mid ah oo caan ah Shabeel Siberian, iyo in Yeeyi Cunto cas, qubo Far leatherback.

Waxaa jira kuwa xoolaha in si joogto ah ama mar mar la socon dhulka jiidda: orso oo Hamalayan iyo brown, minkiga, boars duurjoogta ah, shabeelka, deerada inta barbaraha iyo wapiti.

dadkii hore

reserve The jasiiradda Riabokon helay la dhigto dadkii hore. The helaa horrayn ka tirsan Stone Hore Age, waxay warsan oo ku saabsan 15 kun oo sano.

Waxaa intaa dheer, sidoo kale helay taxadiri hore Neolithic, tirintii 7500 sano, iyo sidoo kale xilliga soo daahay Neolithic (5000 sano), Age Maarta iyo Iron.

Qubarada badankooda ayaa aaminsan Reserve meel gaar ah halkaas oo aag yar waa mid isku urursan badan oo waa helaa qaddiimiga ah ee la xiriira noocyo kala duwan oo da '.

halkan Tani waa meel cajiib ah - "Khanka" reserve. Primor meel kale oo uu leeyahay tiro badan oo ah goobo qaddiimiga ah.

meelo gaar ah oo ku saabsan reserve ah

Laga soo bilaabo barta cilmi of view, waxaa jira shay a gebi ahaanba gaar ah kaydka ah. Mid ka mid ah waa beesha oxytrope Khanka, deggan Cape Arsenyev ah, Cape Przewalski iyo Pine Island.

Waxaa intaa dheer, dhulka ilaaliyo koraan (in estuary Ilistaya) jiqda gaar ah hooska Komarov.

Laakiin Melgunovka estuary faanaa gumeysi ugu weyn ee herons ee Bariga Fog. Intii lagu guda jiray socdaalka guga meeshan waa adhi weyn ee Shimbiraha.

Riabokon jasiiradda, xeebta koonfureed, waa meesha kaliya ee gobolka Maritime, halkaas oo sii kordhaya blednotsvetnaya likorays, ka diiwaan gashan Kitaabka Cas ee Primorye.

Sidee si aad u hesho in ay reserve ah?

Magaalada ugu dhow in ay reserve - waxaa Spassk-Fog. Tani waa meesha maamulka hayaa gobolka Khanka ah. Waxay ku taalaa 220 kiiloomitir u jirta Vladivostok. Waxaa isaga ka ee Spassk Far lagu tagi karaa bas. Isagu wuxuu ku socdaa oo keliya hal mar maalintii.

Maamulka Address: Territory Primorsky, Spassk-fog, wadada Ershov, 10.

halkii epilogue ah

"Khanka" Reserve - ugu da'da yaraa ee gobolka Maritime. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Lake Khanka, oo ku yaalla dhulkeeda, ayaa muddo dheer reserve ee muhiimadda caalamiga ah ee Shimbiraha. Dhab ahaantii, ujeedada reserve waa waxbarasho iyo ilaalinta ee ifafaale dabiiciga ah iyo geedi socodka, isku dhufashada iyo ilaalinta balliga hiddo-ee dhirta iyo ugaarta ah. On xaaladda deegaanka ee dhulalka feejignaan badan oo dhirta iyo xayawaanka dhif iyo go'aya saameeyeen. Reserve waa meel gaar ah oo leh fiirsashada weyn ee Shimbiraha, taas oo gaar ah oo aad u muhiim u ah shimbiraha u guureen.