Reaction: tusaalooyin iyo formula

reaction sarrifka, beddelka, xeryahooda daatay waxaa looga hadlay manhajka kooraska. Waxaan falanqaynta dabeecadaha nooc kasta jooga isdhexgalka tusaalooyin.

qeexidda

Waa maxay falcelinta ee xarunta, tusaale u ah kuwaas oo ku sugan goobaha waxbarashada waxaa loo arkaa talaabada ugu horeysa ee tababarka? Si aad u bilaabaan, waxaan la soco in ereyga "reaction kiimikada" ee kiimikada waxaa loo arkaa labaad ee ugu muhiimsan.

In dunida, dareen-celinta xidhiidhka ka qaadataa meel daqiiqad kasta, taas oo isleegyo yaqaanaan noo, laakiin waxaannu nahay kuwa iyaga ka mid ah ha ka fekerin.

Tusaale ahaan, diyaarinta cabitaanada naqaska, sari ee xaabada - tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee dareen diidmo xarunta.

Marxaladani waxay ku lug leedahay helitaanka waxyaabaha la Halabuurka gaar ah oo tayo iyo tiroba ah kiimikada laga bilaabo.

Calaamadaha falgalka kiimikada

Waa geedi socod kasta, oo ay ku jiraan falcelinta kiimikada ee xarunta Ulasocto calaamado gaar ah:

• warshadu hawada iftiinka ama kulaylka,
• beddesho midab ah xalka,
• doorashada ee walax gaseous;
• muuqaalka ur ku waani,
• diridda ama roobab.

Xaaladaha Reaction

Iyada oo ku xidhan dabeecadaha kooban oo tayo iyo tiroba xeryahooda kiimikada ee falcelinta ka soo baxaa karaa xaalado kala duwan.

Tusaale ahaan, 2CA nooca isdhexgalka + O ₂ = 2CaO (quicklime) soo baxa oo aan kululaynta, raaceen by sii daayo of xaddi badan oo tamarta kulaylka.

Sida loo reaction la xidhiidha qayb? Isleegyo geedi socodka sida ku lug qoraal bidix oo ka mid ah qalabka laga bilaabo, oo dhinaca midig ka kooban yahay wax soo saarka falcelinta.

4Na + O ₂ = 2Na ₂ O

Hababka noocaas ahi yihiin asalka ah in walxaha organic. Sayidka, jawaabta oo tayo leh si ay u unsaturation ah (joogitaanka bonds badan) waa wax laga bilaabo ficil lagu qayilo ee -KP ah.

sari ee alwaax

Marxaladani waxay dhacdaa sida ay isla'egta:

C + O ₂ = CO ₂

Tani waxay tahay ficil-caadiga ah ee xarunta, tusaalayaal taas oo kor horeba la siiyey. Waa maxay nuxurka geedi socodka this? By ficil qoryaha la oxygen ee hawada, formation of taagoo carbon dioxide. Geedi socodka waxaa ku weheliyay formation of taagoo cusub oo la xidhiidha xidhiidhka adag tahay ficil ah gube.

xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya walxaha adag fal karaa? Tusaalooyinka dhexgalka walxaha fudud ayaa lagu kor ku xusan ka wada hadleen, laakiin noocan ah caan ku walxaha qalafsan. muuqashadii A caadiga ah ee dhexgalka this waxa loo arki karaa dareen-celin slaking ah.

Cao + _H2O = Ca (OH) ₂

Nidaamkan waxaa sidoo kale ku weheliyay qadar weyn ee tamarta kaamerada. Waxaa ka mid ah qaababka gaarka ah ee habkan, waxaan la soco uu Ukaalmayn.

kala soocidda

Sida laga soo xigtay ka kooban oo ka mid ah qalabka laga bilaabo iyo waxyaabaha reaction xeryahooda sii daayay reaction, kala daatay, sarrifka bedelay ah. Tixgeli tusaalooyin oo dhanba, oo ay la socdaan qeexidda geedi socodka sida.

Bedelay of - qayb atamka bedelka walax fudud xarunta adag.

Connection - geeddi-socodka ah ee isku dhowr walxaha fudud ama adag galay mid ka mid dheeraad ah oo adag. Tusaalooyinka hawlgaladaa keeni kartaa ka chemistry imanba iyo organic.

2 saac ₂ + O 2 = 2 saac ₂ O

Marxaladani waxay dhacdaa la sii daayo of xaddi badan oo kulaylka, sidaas qaraxa waa suurto gal.

C ₂ H ₄ + ₂ = H C ₂ H ₆

On marayay ethylene dhex hydrogen, waxaa jira dillaac ah debaajiga double, formation of xadka (cokan) hydrocarbon.

Daatay - waa kuwa falgalka kiimikada in ay soo saaraan walxo ka badan isagoo ka kooban fudud oo tayo iyo tiroba ee xarunta adag.

Xasaasiyada ra'iyi sarrifka iyo - kuwani waa geedi socodka ka dhaca adag u dhexeeya walxaha in keento is-dhaafsiga ee qaybo ka mid dastuurka.

Waxaa jira saddex xaaladaha socodka geedi socodka: horumar gaaska, roobab, formation walax malodissotsiiruemogo.

reaction Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa esterification, sida wax soo saarka ugu dambeeya reaction waa Ester ah. xaaladaha Hab-jihada weerarka uu yahay soo bandhigida galay reaction dar xoog sulfuric acid ah.

kala qeybinta gobolka xulkii walxaha lalana

Oo dhan si kimikal waxaa lagu tilmaamay inay ku salaysan on interoperability dhqaalaha iyo Nuurre Aw. In kiiska hore ee qalabka laga bilaabo iyo waxyaabaha dareen-celin ku jiraan xaalad ah xulkii, iyo oggol yahay noocyada Nuurre Aw xaaladda kala duwan.

Tusaale ahaan, geeddi-socodka dhqaalaha ay noqon doontaa dareen-celinta kuwa soo socda:

H ₂ (g) + cl ₂ (g) = 2HCl (gaaska)

Sida reaction Nuurre Aw fiirsan kartaa seenyo soo socda:

Cao (tv) + H ₂ O (g) = Ca (OH) _{2 (AQ)}

Laga soo bilaabo isbedelka ee gobolka qayilo ka

Reaction ee xarunta ah oo formula la siiyey kor ku xusan (formation biyo ka walxaha fudud) waa hab redox ah. nuxurka geedi socodka been in xaqiiqda ah in uu jiro aqbalo iyo soo celinta electrons.

Waxaa ka mid ah xeryahooda of dareen diidmo ah waxaa kale oo jira geedi socodka aan la Ulasocto isbedel ee gobolka qayilo, i.e. ma aha OVR:

Cao + _H2O = Ca (OH) ₂

By dabiiciga ah ee socodka

Iyada oo ku xidhan in geeddi-socodka wadi karo jihada weerarka ama falcelinta qaadataa meel dhinaca ka soo horjeeda, in chemistry go'doonsan dhexgalka karin iyo karo.

Tusaale ahaan, dareen-celin tayo on xeryahooda organic waa karin, tan iyo markii ay keenaysaa in formation of walax beelaya ama gaseous. Tusaale ka mid ah cadaanyo noocan oo kale ah ayaa ah tayada is dhexgalka oo ka mid ah "muraayad lacag ah", taas oo ah hab tayo ah go'aaminta in isku dar ah ee aldehydes ah.

embodiments dheeraad ah lagu dayan karo ee reactions karo taas oo sii wadi karo in labo jiho wadajir soo horjeeda, ogow reaction esterification ah:

CO ₂ + H ₂ O = H ₂ CO ₃

On isticmaalka Hannaan

Xaaladaha qaarkood, xawaaraha ah (Hannaan) waa in la isticmaalaa si ay u tagaan nidaamka kiimikada. Tusaale ahaan waa is dhexgalka ee habka kala daatay horseed oo hydrogenperoxid ah.

Features parsing OVR

Waxaa ka mid ah arrimaha ugu inta badan keenayso dhibaato ee carruurta dugsiga waa meelaynta horgalaha in falcelinta la isticmaalayo hab isku dheeli electronic. Si aad u bilowdo, waxaa jira xeerar gaar ah sida uu sheegay taas oo aan go'aan ka gaari kara heerka uu qayilo in canaasiirta shaqsi ee walax kasta.

Eegeyn in walax sahlan ama adag in la daweeyo, xaddiga ahuna waa inuu ahaadaa eber.

Tallaabada xigta waa in ay doortaan walxaha kiimikada gaar ah ama xubno in beddeleen qiimaha heerka uu qayilo. Waxa ay si gaar ah soo saaray, oo muujinaya calaamado ah "oo lagu daray" ama "laga jaray" tirada heshay ama ku deeqaan electrons.

Inta u dhaxaysa tirooyinkan waa tirada ugu yar, kaas oo marka ay tirada electrons helay qaybsan, oo iska tuur la diyaarin doonaa abyoonayaasha.

lambarada Kuwanu waa horgalaha stereochemical, qabanqaabisaa in nidaamka isla'egta soo jeediyay. stage muhiim ah parsing reaction redox la go'aaminayo oxidant iyo reductant, iyo duubo geedi. Sida wakiilka yaraynta la doorto atamka kuwa ama udhigo, taas oo dabcan ay dhexgalka kordhay heerka lagu qayilo, oxidant ah, in la barbardhigo, yareynta dhimaya ah dabeecad u.

Soo jeedisay ma this geynta, qaar ka mid ah isbedel Organic Chemistry? Reaction of bedelay socodka xarunta daatay a in la beddelo dalalka lagu qayilo, waxaa loo arkaa geynta la mid ah.

Waxaa jira qaababka qaarkood ee nidaamka ka mid ah degrees ee lagu qayilo xeryahooda organic, laakiin wadarta waa in sidoo kale noqon eber.

Iyada oo ku xidhan sida ay u badala qayilo ah, aqoonso dhawr nooc oo falgalka kiimikada:

• disproportionation - sabab u ah isbadal ku dhacay dalalka qayilo ka mid ah iyo element la mid ah dhinaca waawayn iyo kuwa yaryar,
• kontrproportsionirovanie - ku lug leedahay fal wakiilka yaraynta iyo wakiilka oksidheeyeyaal ah, taas oo ka kooban element isku, laakiin heer qayilo kala duwan.

gunaanad

Sida gabagabo yar, waxaan la soco in dhexgalka ee walxaha la mid kale iyaga dhici badala, transformations. reaction kiimikada waa diinta ka mid ah ama ka badan reactants in waxyaabaha isagoo ka kooban oo tayo iyo tiroba kala duwan.

Haddii transformations nuclear arkay isbedel ee halabuurka ah ee nuclei qaaradda, in ay dhacdo falgalka kiimikada in kaliya ma ahan waxaa jira qaybin ah nuclei iyo electrons, taasoo keentay in muuqaalka kore ee xeryahooda cusub.

Habka waxaa la socon kara by sii daayo iftiinka, kulaylka, dhacdo of ur, roobab, formation of walxaha gaseous.

Waxaa jira fursado badan dirka isdhexgalka organic iyo imanba sababo kala duwan. Ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan isbedelka this la xusay waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qayilo, gobolka xulkii, ytimaada ee socodka, hab ay geedi socodka, isticmaalka Hannaan ah (inhibitor).

falgalka kiimikada yihiin ku salaysan oo keliya ma aha ee wax soo saarka warshadaha, laakiin sidoo kale aasaaska nolosha. Aan geeddi socodka dheefshiidka in ka dhaco noolaha kuwaas jiritaanka noqon lahayd wax aan macquul aheyn.