Ranjiilayaasha sawirka Ruush iyo shuqulladoodu

rinjiile sawirka Ruush muuqday bilowga ah ee ku AD qarnigii 14aad. Masters of burushka waqtiga lacag xadidan, sidaas darteed inta badan billaabeen inay stylization. Ma la odhan karaa surrealism, laakiin sawirada sida xaqiiqada ah oggolaan doono in ka la'aan ah fiiro gaar ah u faahfaahsan. Ranjiilayaasha sawirka Ruush Later iyo shaqada ayaa dib u habeysay ku saabsan diiwaangelinta ee kaniisadaha. Ranjiilayaasha nooca xurmada leh oo ka mid ah darbiyada iyo saqafka rinji of kaniisadaha iyo cathedrals.

farshaxanka sawirka Hore

Ranjiilayaasha sawirka Ruush iyo farshaxanka ay leeyihiin sifooyinka ay kala gaar ah, ay la aqoonsan yahay - artist kasta ogan uu style u gaar ah oo shaqo ah, marka lagu daro, uu qadarin sida wadaaddadii iyo parishioners.

Wakiilka ifka waqtiga - Andrei Rublev (1370-1428), kaasoo ka tagay a shuqullada qudhunla'aan: "Masiix Pantocrator", "Mikaa'iil Michael", "Trinity", "St. Paul" iyo masterpieces kale ee rinjiyeynta icon.

Rublev ahaa a casriga ah ee rinjiile caanka icon Feofan Grek (1340-1410). Muddo dheer ay wada shaqeeyeen. In the 90s ee fanaaniinta qarnigii 14-rinji Cathedral ee Annunciation ah. shaqo ku lug leh iyo rinjiile kale sawirka Ruush. Inta ay shaqada ayaa balladhan. walxood Major tier Deesis qoray Feofan Grek, a "sheegid" iyo qaybta sare ee taxanaha "aabbe" rinji by Andeya Rubleva. caddaymo lagu kalsoonaan karo oo muujinaya in iyagu waxay ku qoran by ceebeynta of safka hoose ee walxood oo waaweyn, ma, laakiin gacanta rinjiile a icon tayo leh, la aqoonsan yahay oo hawlahaas.

sayid hore ee portraiture

At bilowgii qarnigii 14aad, farsamada sawir saliidda ayaa waxoogaa way soo hagaagtay ay sabab u tahay muuqashada tonkotertyh rinjiga.

Ranjiilayaasha sawirka Ruush of jeer ka dib:

• Dionisiy (1440-1502), boqorkii jecel Ivan III. Boqortooyada loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo dalici artist ah rinji qaar ka mid ah macbudka, ka dibna xilliyo booqday rinjiile icon iyo daawaday shaqada.
• Alexey Zubov (1682-1750) - odaygii ugu weyn ee farshaxan xardho Ruush ah Epoch ee Peter koowaad. Markaasuu soo wada shaqeeyay aabbihiis, oo ah rinjiile icon fiican Fedorom Zubovym. Si wada jir ah waxay rinji maqsinka Rugta Kremlin Moscow ee.
• Nikitin Ivan (1680-1742) - rinjiile Ruush, mid ka mid ah sayidkooda ugu horeysay Ruush ah portraiture, aqoon Europe. Isagu waa meel gaarka ah ee Peter ugu weyn. The shaqo ugu caansan ee artist ah - Wehbe ee Polish King August II iyo Duke of Mecklenburg.

rinjiile sawirka Ruush ee qarnigii 18aad

Master burush qarniyo soo dhaafay, sida caadiga ah, ku hawlan rinjiyeynta kaniisadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qarnigii 18aad wuxuu ahaa wakhtigii dhalashada farshaxanka sawirka waxuu qaabkiisa ugu xooggani, marka rinjiile ka tarjumaysaa on image shiraac ah qof gaar ah. rinjiile sawirka Ruush wakhtigaas lagu qabtay dugsiga classical of farshaxanka, ku lug leh dhalmo saxda ah si faahfaahsan ugu fiicnaa. In portraiture, farsamadaa waxa ay tahay hawlaha jawaabta ugu wanaagsan ee loo xilsaaray fulinta - si ay u gaaraan image oo caynkaas ah, si ay u dhashay oo dhan calaamadaha of style farshaxanka iyo ahayd ugu weyn. shaqada waxay u muuqataa in ay noqon arrin caadi ah oo mas'uul ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee caanka ah rinjiile sawirka Ruush dhammaataan qabsan karo. Amarada ahaa in ka badan ku filan, abtirsan maxkamadda oo dhan iyo xubno ka mid ah Guilds baayacmushtariga tartamaya wakiishay Wehbe isaga iyo qoyskiisa ka mid ah.

dadka maalqabeenka ah ka doorteen in ay ugu yeedhi Ranjiilayaasha gurigiisii, sida ay dhacdo in this, qoyska oo dhan daawan karta geedi socodka, iyo loo arko qaab ciyaareed wanaagsan. rinjiile sawirka Ruush loo isticmaalo in ay ku noolaadaan nolol barwaaqo ah, sidaa darteed isku day in ay qaataan amarada badan intii suurto gal. Haddii dhamaadka madaxa shaqada ee image qoyska sida dhammaan xubnaha reerka ka, artist ka helay amarka soo socda ee guriga isla. Sayidka, ka rinjiile sawirka Ruush Wuxuu ku jiray baahida bulshada sare oo aan weli ka maqan shaqada. The fanaaniinta ugu guulaha badan ayaa lagu casuumay qolkii reer boqor iyo inuu sii adkeeyo shaqooyinka muhiimka ah.

talinaysay ee portraiture

Marka farshaxanka rinjiyeynta, muddo Renaissance ah, in Russia waxaa jira fanaaniin badan oo tayo leh.

rinjiile sawirka Ruush ee qarnigii 18aad:

• Antropov Alexei (1716-1795) - rinjiile caan Ruush sawirka, ka qayb decoration ee Palace Winter ee 1744-m iyo Tsarskoye Selo ee 1749. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay, fannaaniinta ku rinji Church St. Andrew ee Kiev. Tan iyo 1761 Antropov waxaa degmnada galay Orthodox Synod sida shuqullada halyeey kormeere sare. In taariikhda artist tahay Ruush yimid muddo portraitist a talented Butros.
• Borovikovskiy Vladimir (1757-1825) wuxuu ku dhashay Mirgorod. Waxa uu noqday caan ah kadib markii uu kulan la Catherine II, kuwaas oo ka eryay si Crimea ee 1787. artist ayaa rinji mid ka mid ah daaraha waaweyn ee jidka Empress ah, oo taasna waxaa lagu arkay. Catherine muujiyay iyada jaceylka iyo Borovykovs'kogo abaal lacag, taas oo uu markii danbe u baxay inuu St. Petersburg.
• Venetsianov Alex (1780-1847) - artist Ruush, aasaasaha of goob ay ku sifayn ee portraiture. Waxa uu la og yahay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan "sawirka of Hooyo", ku qoran 1801. Wuxuu bartay farshaxanka rinjiyeynta ka artist ah Borovikovsky.
• Kiprensky Orest (1782-1836) - artist aad u fiican kuwaas oo soo baxay ee 1804 la sawirka of A. K. Valbe, kaas oo ku qoran qaabka Rembrandt ahaa. shaqada caanka ah "EV Davydov", oo la aasaasay 1809, ayaa ku xoogaystay sumcadda of farshaxanka. canvases badan oo Kiprensky hayo Tretyakov Gallery ah.
• Tropinin Vasily (1776-1857) - artist Ruush, oo noqday caan ka dib markii sawirka AS Pushkin wakiishay by Abwaan qudhiisa. rinjiyeynta ayaa waxaa loogu tala galay S. A. Sobolevskogo, oo saaxiib la ah Alexander. Sawirka noqon image a classic Abwaan weyn ee waqtiga oo dhan.

farshaxanka sawirka qarnigii 19

rinjiile sawirka Ruush ah qarnigii 19 - waa koox ka mid ah fanaaniinta tayo leh, kuwaas oo u soo jeestay inay ku sifayn ee image wajiga aadanaha. The ugu caansan iyaga ka mid ah:

• Neff Timofey (1805-1876) - raacsane a of style tacliinta farshaxanka, sida sawirka taariikhi ah. Wuxuu bartay rinjiyeynta dugsiga tahay Dresden sare. In 1826 wuxuu u dhaqaaqay St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu isla markiiba noqday caan qoraal taxane ah oo Wehbe dadka caanka ah. At 1837th ayaan u tegey on dheer ee guud ahaan Russia safarka si aad u hesho qof aqoon u leh dhulka miyiga dad iyo nolosha ka mid ah dadka caadiga ah. Ka dib markii dib u laabashada rinji kiniisadda Palace Winter ah, caanka ah "Cashada Last" waxaan ka mid ah hawlahaas ahaa. Waxa uu helay professorship ah ranjiyeynta ee Cathedral St. Isxaaq, waqti isku mid noqday hayayna Hermitage tahay gallery ah.
• Zaharov Petr (1816-1846) - rinjiile sawirka Ruush qaddarta adag. Wiil sano jir ah ayaa laga helay tagay tuulada jejniya ee Dadi-Yurt. Ruush General Yermolov yarkii buu soo qaaday in daryeelka korinta. Ogaanaya awood u leh inay soo dhaamiso ina uu qaatay, tababarka Petya yar in rinjiile sida sawirka ka LVU Volkovu ayuu siiyey. In 1836 Zakharov ka qalin koorsada ee Academy of Arts oo helay horyaalka ee artist a free.
• Makarov Ivan (1822-1897) - rinjiile Ruush, waayo nolosha hal abuur dheer ku qoray farshaxankiisa badan. shuqulladiisii, iyo Wehbe, oo ay ku jiraan iyaga by waqtiyo kala duwan, waa in Tretyakov Gallery ah, Museum Ruush ah, ee Academy of Fine Arts iyo hoolalka bandhig Russia oo dhan. In 1844, Makarov dhaqaaqay St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu ku guulaystay aqoonsi ee dadweynaha iyo nawaaxigeeda.

Rinjiile-portraitist Tyranov

portraitist Ruush (1808-1859), ayaa waxaa ku hawlan shuqulka icon-rinjiyeynta. In 1824, uu kula kulmay artist ah Venetsianov, kuwaas oo loo aqoonsaday wiilka in uu dugsiga ka mid ah rinjiyeynta, iyo markii uu ka qalin jabiyay, siiyey Tyranova arday at Academy Art ah. Masiirka dheeraad ah rinjiile dhallinyarada ayaa si guul leh horumariyo, ayuu ka soo Academy helay bilad dahab ah oo yaryar ee 1836 noqday ardayga ee qadariyo Karl Briullov. Waayo, shaqada "Gabar la daf," ayuu la siiyey horyaalka ee academician. Iyadoo in Rome, uu ku qoray uu farshaxankiisa waaweyn: "Girl, biyaha tuujin soo baxay timaha," "Angel la laanta saytuunka ah", "Hooyo Muuse on Nile". Markaas, uu ku soo laabtay artist St. Petersburg, artist ka soo gaaray taxane ah oo shil, oo isna wuxuu u noqday inuu miskiin yahay. Waxaan helay hoy guriga walaalkiis magaalada Kashin. Waxaa Tyranov oo ku dhintay da'da 51 sano.

Ekaan sawirka qalabka

Zaryanko Sergei (1818-1870) - portraitist ka taagan Ruush, waxay caan ku tahay oo uu play Maamulka Kililka iftiinka iyo hooska on canvases uu. farsamada artist ee waxaa sidaas waxaa loogu dhawaaqaa in dunidu gudaha ee qofka ka muujinayaa on shiraac ah, sida haddii laga badiyay xoolo ah oo midabo iyo codadka. Total Zaryanko qoray oo ku saabsan boqol Wehbe, kuwaas oo intooda badan waxaa ka go'an in ay gar gooyo, qoyskiisa iyo dadkii ku abtirsan maxkamadda sare.

Qof xer ah ee sayidkii

Zhodeyko Leonid (1827-1879) - Ruush sawirka-rinjiile, arday ka mid ah artist Moscow iyo St. Petersburg Zaryanko Markov macalinka sayidkayga ah Academy of Arts ah. Waxa uu rinji inta badan Wehbe haweenka. Waxa uu helay horyaalka ee academician waayo, rinjiyeynta ah "Gabar lagu maydho". Wuxuu ahaa ka qayb joogto ah bandhiga sanadlaha ah, Magaalada Eldoret oo ka mid ah Academy of Fine Arts ee St. Petersburg.

Artist style riwaayado

Kramskoy Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887) - sayidkiisii u fiican ee portraiture, rijiyeeyay diinta, sawirka ku sifayn. Author ah farshaxankiisa muujinayay in qorayaasha caanka ah, fanaaniinta, jilayaasha, iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen: L. N. Tolstoy (1883kii-aad), ME Saltykov-Shchedrin (1879 th), I. I. Shishkin (1873 th), S. P. Botkin (1880 th), P. M. Tretyakov (1876 th).

artist nolosha lagu qabtay hignaseyno falsafada iyo riwaayado in uu shaqo, gaar ahaan dareemi farshaxanka sawirka ah: "Lama yaqaan", "NA Nekrasov," "qoysanku Murugo", taas oo la abuuray in muddada u dhaxaysa 1877 in 1884. masterpieces Kuwanu waa in Tretyakov Gallery ah.

Wehbe farshaxanka ee qarnigii 20-

qarnigii labaatanaad ahayd waqti adag for Russia. Isbedellada siyaasadeed, labadii dagaal lagu hoobtay oo ka tagay ay ku ganaya on horumarka dalka. Oo weliba waxaad tahay nool, sannadaha guudahaan waxaa soo noolaaday farshaxanka, oo ay ku jiraan sida sawirka. Artists ahaayeen dhawr, laakiin dhammaan waxay ka gudbeen dugsiga wanaagsan.

fanaaniinta Ruush oo ka mid ah portraitists qarnigii 20aad:

• Somalisch Kozlov - rinjiile sawirka Soviet, ku dhashay 1926, ka School Yaroslavl tahay qalin, ka dibna ku qoran koorso of rinjiyaynta Repin Leningrad Institute. In 1956, Guddiga bandhigay sha qalinjabinta ay "ku noolaan doonaa!" Isagu waa xubin ka mid ah Midowga Artists tan iyo 1957. theme ugu weyn ee hal-abuurka Kozlov - Wehbe ah saffarro.
• Lomakin Oleg - a sawirka-rinjiile ee muddada Soviet, waxa uu ku dhashay 1924. Waxa uu ku hawlan dugsiga tahay Leningrad ee, ka dibna - in Academy All-Ruush ee Arts. In 1942 wuxuu ahaa qoreen galay Army Cas, dagaallamay Kursk, kaas oo uu si xun u dhaawacay oo laga saaray ciidanka jabshay. Sawirrada, rinji by artist ah, muujiyey at bandhigyo tan iyo 1952.
• Nevelshtein Samuel (1904-1983) - a sawirka-rinjiile, qalin VHUTEMAS. On account of artist ee darsin dhowr shuqullada. theme ugu weyn ee hal-abuurka Nevelshtein ahaayeen Wehbe ah saffarro uu. Portraitist qabtay shan bandhigyo Solo, waxay lagu qabtay Leningrad, show ugu horeysay lagu qabtay 1944.
• Oreshnikov Viktor (1904-1987) - rinjiile Soviet iyo portraitist. Artist Dadka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, guuleystay laba Stalin Abaal. In shaqo ee heysteen maadooyinka on guulaha ee dhaqaalaha dalka, iyo Wehbe ah saffarro uu.
• Shilov Aleksandr - Ruush sawirka-rinjiile, ku dhashay 1943. Abuuraha reer gaar ah Wehbe ee taariikhiga ah orientation. Si firfircoon uga qayb nolosha dadweynaha, oo xubin ka ah Golaha Guud ee hoos Madaxweynaha Ruush.

fanaaniinta caanka ah nooca sawirka ah

Lix boqol oo sannadood ayaa ka soo wareegtay tan iyo markii muuqaalka kore ee farshaxanka sawiro ah, oo qarniyadoodii oo dhowr ka mid ah fanaaniinta. Waxa intaa dheer in Ranjiilayaasha hore u soo sheegnay, waxaa jira sayid kale oo badan.

Cidda ay yihiin - rinjiile sawirka Ruush? Liiska iyaga waa la hoos ku faahfaahsan.

qarnigii 18aad:

• Musikiyskiy Grigoriy Semenovich, rinjiile sawirka maxkamadda.
• Gzel Georg, rinjiile a Swiss ayaa muddo dheer soo shaqeeyay ee Russia.
• Nikitin Ivan Nikitich, rinjiile maxkamadda.
• Vishnyakov Ivan Yakovlevich, portraitist of aristocracy ee.
• Kolokolnikov Mina Lukic, artist dalka.
• Matveev Andrey Matveyevich portraitist maxkamadda.

qarnigii 19aad:

• Ugryumov Grigoriy Ivanovich, rinjiile soo ridayeen ah.
• Ivanov Andrey Ivanovich, oo sharaf leh sida sawirka-rinjiile.
• Orlovsky, Aleksandr Osipovich abtirsan artist.
• Sokolov Peter Fedorovich, portraitist for aristocracy ah.